雅克布逊ppt.ppt

1、Roman Jakobson (18961982),Life and work Theories 2.1 Translation 2.2 Linguistics 2.3 literary theory 3. Works,Structuralism,six functions of language,Roman Jakobson (1896,Moscow-1982,Boston, U.S.),Russian born American linguist and Slavic-language scholar, a principal founder of the European movemen

2、t in structural linguistics known as the Prague school. Jakobson extended the theoretical and practical concerns of the school into new areas of study.,Life and work,Prague school was an influential group of literary critics and linguists in Prague. Its proponents developed methods of structuralist

3、literary analysis during the years 19281939. It has had significant continuing influence on linguistics and semiotics. After World War II, the circle was disbanded but the Prague School continued as a major force in linguistic functionalism,Prague School,Life and work,Jakobson was born in Russia to

4、a well-to-do family of Jewish descent, and he developed a fascination with language at a very young age. As a student he was a leading figure of the Moscow Linguistic Circle and took part in Moscows active world of avant-garde art and poetry. The linguistics of the time was overwhelmingly neogrammar

5、ian and insisted that the only scientific study of language was to study the history and development of words across time (the diachronic approach, in Saussures terms). Jakobson, on the other hand, had come into contact with the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, and developed an approach focused on the

6、 way in which languages structure served its basic function (synchronic approach) to communicate information between speakers. Jakobson was also well known for his critique of the emergence of sound in film.,Translation Theories,Intralingual translation 语内翻译某一语言内部，为着某种目的进行的词句意义的转换,从一种诗歌形式到另一种诗歌形式 In

7、terlingual translation 语际翻译 两种或多种语言，在他们共同构成的跨语言语境中进行的意义交流。从一种语言到另一种语言 intersemiotic translation 符际翻译 从一个符号系统到另一个符号系统，如：从语言艺术转换为音乐、舞蹈、电影或绘画。 Untranslatablity 诗歌的不可译性poetrys features bear Untranslatablity in such aspects as musicality, writing forms, style and so on. creative transportation,Structural

8、ism,This approach examines how the elements of language relate to each other in the present synchronically rather than diachronically.influenced by de Saussure,Signifier vs. Signified,Six functions of language,&.The referential function &. The expressive function &. The conative function &. The poet

9、ic function &. The phatic function &.The metalingual function,Russian formalism An influential school of literary criticism in Russia from the 1910s to the 1930s. They revolutionised literary criticism by establishing the specificity and autonomy of poetic language and literature.,Works,Jakobson R.,

10、 Remarques sur levolution phonologique du russe compare celle des autres langues slaves. Prague, 1929 Jakobson R., K charakteristike evrazijskogo jazykovogo sojuza. Prague, 1930 Jakobson R., Child Language, Aphasia and Phonological Universals, 1941 Jakobson R., On Linguistic Aspects of Translation,

11、essay, 1959 Jakobson R., Closing Statement: Linguistics and Poetics, in Style in Language (ed. Thomas Sebeok), 1960 Jakobson R., Selected Writings (ed. Stephen Rudy). The Hague, Paris, Mouton, in six volumes (19711985):,Works,Jakobson R., Questions de poetique, 1973 Jakobson R., Six Lectures of Sound and Meaning, 1978 Jakobson R., The Framework of Language, 1980 Jakobson R., Halle M., Fundamentals of Language, 1956 Jakobson R., Waugh L., The Sound Shape