自考英美文选-古典主义.ppt

1、,Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798)新古典主义,Foreign Languages Department ：Xia Yajun,163邮箱 用户名： 密码：literature20110416,The Neoclassical Period,What we now call the neoclassical period is the one in English literature between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full as

2、sertion of Romanticism which came with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798. (P79 Para.1),The English society of the neoclassical period was a turbulent one. (P79),Historical background,. Elizabeth I: 1558-1603, Elizabeth I died in 1603 . James I: 1603-1625 politica

3、l and religious tyranny . Charles I: 1625-1649 . Cromwell: 1649-1660 commonwealth protector: 1653-1658 . Charles II: 1660-1688 Restoration ( P79 Para.2) . James II: 1685-1688 Glorious Revolution 1689，the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. It established the supremacy of Parliament

4、 and put an end to divine monarchy in England.,In short, it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values.总之，这一时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。 (P79 Para.2 ),Historical Background,England became a constitutional monarchy power passed from the King to the Parliament and the cabinet ministers Abroad, a vast ex

5、pansion of British colonies P79 At home in the country, there appeared a market of free labor and free capital, thus providing the essential conditions for the rising of Industrial Revolution. England had become the first powerful capitalist country in the world. social spirit: self-restraint, self-

6、reliance and hard work P80 the Age of Enlightenment , the Age of Reason.,Enlightenment,The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fiftee

7、nth and sixteenth centuries. (P80 Para.3 ),Enlightenment,Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.运动的主旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世界。(P80 Para.3 ) The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. Enlighteners held that rat

8、ionality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and rules.启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。他们大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。,Neo-classicism (P81 Para.2 ),In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of inte

9、rest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek, Roman writers (Homer, Virgil, and so on), and those of the contemporary French ones. They believed tha

10、t the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion, accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. This belief led them to seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings,

11、 primarily as social animals. Thus, a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developed.,Literature of neoclassical period,The first 3 decades: Neoclassicism and Poetry,1740s - 1750s: The Rise of Realistic Novels,Gothic novel, Sentimentalism a romance: The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssini

12、a; a tragedy: Irene. 他的主要作品有诗歌：伦敦，人类欲望的虚幻骑士浪漫诗：拉塞拉斯的历史，阿比西尼亚王子；一部悲剧：艾琳。 As a lexicographer, Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman-A Dictionary of the English Language, a gigantic task which Johnson undertook single-handedly and finished in over

13、seven years. 作为词典编撰者，约翰逊是编撰英文词典的第一个英国人，作品为英文大词典，这部巨著是塞缪尔.约翰逊花了七年时间独自完成的,Johnson was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the later eighteenth century. He was very much concerned with the theme of the vanity of human wishes. 约翰逊是十八世纪下半叶最后一位新古典主义启蒙文学家，他十分关心人类欲望的虚幻，几乎他所有的作品都含有这样的主题。 His sentence

14、s are long and well structured, interwoven with parallel words and phrases. 他使用的句子一般较长，但结构工整，包含有许多排比，对仗。 Reading his works gives the reader the impression that he is talking with a very learned man. 读他的小说会给人一种感觉，他在与一位非常博学的人士对话。,Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查.比.谢立丹,The year 1777 saw the appearance of hi

15、s masterpiece The School for Scandal, which brought him quite a fortune. 1777年，谢立丹的代表作造谣学校出版，使他大发其财。 His plays, especially The Rivals and The School for Scandal, are generally regarded as important links between the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in Englis

16、h comedy. 他的代表作情敌和造谣学校被认为是上承莎士比亚，下接萧伯纳的纽带，是真正的英国古典派喜剧。 In his play, morality is the constant theme. 他的作品永恒的主题是道德。,The School for Scandal is mainly a story about two brothers, the hypocritical Joseph Surface and the good-natured, imprudent, spendthrift Charles Surface. The play ends with great disgra

17、ce for Joseph and double bliss for Charles. It is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the eighteenth-century England. No wonder, the play has been Regarded as the best comedy since Shakespeare. 造谣学校主要讲述了两个兄弟的故事，一个是伪君子约瑟夫.萨尔菲斯，另一个是放荡不羁但心地善良的查尔斯.萨尔菲斯。戏剧的结尾约瑟

18、夫名声扫地，而查尔斯既获得了美人的芳心，又获得了丰厚的遗产，而梯泽尔夫人在丈夫的感化下与其重归于好。造谣学校是对18世纪英国贵族资产阶级的道德败坏，对无聊的富人恶意的制造谣言，对上层社会骄奢淫逸的生活以及对在高贵生活方式和高尚道德准则的掩饰下的道德沦丧与虚伪假善的辛辣讽刺。毫无疑问，它被认为是自莎士比亚以来最出色的喜剧。,Thomas Gray托马斯.格雷,he declined the Poet laureateship in 1757. 1757年，他竟谢绝了授予他的诗人桂冠奖。 In contrast to those professional writers, Grays litera

19、ry output was small. 与其余专职作家不同，格雷作品极少。 His masterpiece,“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”was published in 1751. The poem once and for all established his fame as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially“the Graveyard School”. 1757年，他的代表作写在教堂墓地的挽歌出版这首诗奠定了他在当时作为感伤主义诗歌创始人的地位，尤其是从此他便成为“墓地诗歌”流派的代表。,His other poems include“Ode on the Spring”,“Ode on the Death of a Favourite cat”and so on. (Ode:.赞，颂)他的其他作品还有春之颂，伊顿公学展望，爱猫之死等等。 74. A conscientiou