高考英语大一轮复习（应试基础必备+考法突破）专题15完形填空课件.ppt

1、第2部分 英语知识运用,模块3 完形填空 专题15 完形填空,目 录,考法1 考查语境语义 考法2 考查逻辑推理 考法3 考查习语搭配 考法4 考查常识 考法5 考查句法结构,研究高考 明确考况,题型说明与命题分析,题型说明 命题分析,题型说明,近几年来，高考完形填空遵循“文章内容体现生活”和“以实词为主、虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，综合考查考生的语言知识及运用能力。,1.完形填空的体裁包括记叙文、夹叙夹议、说明文和议论文，其中记叙文和夹叙夹议是考查的热点，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩，且文章篇幅相对稳定，一般在250300词之间。,2.试

2、题以考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词等)为主，虚词(连词、介词、冠词等)为辅。,3.文章中会出现一些长难句，并伴有空缺要求考生填空，这就加大了考查力度和难度。,命题分析,题型应考技巧,应考思路 解题技巧,应考思路,思路 1,通览全文，抓准主旨,应考思路,应考思路,思路 2,细读全文，透析文意,应考思路,应考思路,应考思路,思路 3,全面验证，理清逻辑,解题技巧,技巧 1,根据语境意义确定答案,例,四川2015 ,【解析】过了一年后，还有兔子会直立起来吃胡萝卜片，由此可推知它们还记得作者，故选D项。fear意为“害怕”；ignore意为“忽视”；discover意为“发现”。,D,解题技巧,技

3、巧 2,利用词汇复现确定答案,例,课标全国I 2014,【解析】根据语境及第43空与第45空后的toys可知，此处选toys，为原词复现。故选B项。,B,解题技巧,技巧 3,识别语篇标志词，根据上下文的逻辑关系确定答案,表示上下文逻辑关系的语篇标志词涉及文章的起承转合、上下连贯，如表示并列关系连接词有and等；,表示转折关系的词或短语有but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless, yet, on the contrary, otherwise, on the other hand等；,表示顺序关系的词或短语有before, after, to beg

4、in with, first, firstly, second, secondly, then, next, finally等；,表示解释关系的词或短语有that is to say, in other words等；,表示因果关系的词或短语有so, therefore, thus, because, as a result, consequently, hence, for this reason, since等；,解题技巧,表示让步关系的词或短语有though, although, despite, in spite of, after all, even though, even if等

5、；,表示条件关系的词或短语有if, unless, provided that, in case (of)等；,表示附加说明、例证的词或短语有likewise, similarly, for example, for instance, incidentally, indeed, in fact, in particular, that is等；,表示概括总结的词或短语有in brief, in short, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, generally speaking, to sum up, to summarize, to concl

6、ude等。对于有些设空，抓住这些关键词，理清前后关系就能找出正确选项。,例 1,【解析】but表示转折关系，所以设空处应填shallow的反义词，故A项正确。,A,例 2,课标全国2015,【解析】playing her best和still defeated之间是转折关系，应用but表转折。故选C项。,C,解题技巧,技巧 4,利用文化背景知识和生活常识答题,例,【解析】考查常识。一般来说，小孩子学习语言比大人要快些，所以选择quickly。故选B项。,B,解题技巧,技巧 5,注意习惯用语，熟记常见句型,例,课标全国 2015,【解析】根据空格后面的how bad it must be to

7、have to stand可知，此处是孩子在表达自己对这一场景的看法。make a comment on意为“对作出评论”。故选B项。,B,体裁:记叙文 主题:勇敢的货车司机 词数:226 建议用时:16 A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 1 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 2 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 3 he g

8、ot closer, he found 4 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 5 shooting out from under the 6 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 7 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. The man who had his bright lights on 8 and

9、told Larry he had 9 an emergency call. They 10 heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 11 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 12 until the emergency personnel arrived, 13 she thought the car was going to 14 . Larry

10、told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 15 she injured her neck. Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 16 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 17 if he was needed or 18 to go. They let him and the other man go. One thing is 19 Larry w

11、ent above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 20 most likely saved the womans life.,第一段点明了故事发生的背景：2009年的一天早晨，拉里在送货返回途中注意到一辆小汽车开着远光灯，进而发现一辆已起火的车辆翻倒在地。最后两句描述了拉里采取的行动：把车停在一边，然后取出灭火器灭火。 第二段进一步叙述了事件的发展：拉里和那位小车司机发现有位女士被困在毁坏的车内，并安抚她的情绪，等待救援人员到来。 第三段讲述了救援人员赶到后展开救援，拉里和

12、那位小车司机离开现场。 最后一句为全文的主题：拉里的努力挽救了那位女士的生命。,Cloze 1,语篇线索,课标全国 2016 ,Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 1 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 2 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 3 he got closer, he found 4 vehicle upside down on the road.,

13、1.A.walking B.touring C.traveling D.rushing 2.A.passengers B.colleagues C.employers D.customers 3.A.Since B.Although C.As D.If 4.A.each B.another C.that D.his,【语篇导读】卡车司机拉里在送货回来的路上遇到一辆倒翻的汽车，他和另一位司机不顾危险，扑灭了火，报了警，并劝导被困的女司机耐心等待救援人员的到来。正是他们的努力，挽救了被困女司机的生命。,1.C 【解析】根据空后的after delivering 以及本段倒数第二句Larry pul

14、led over, set the brake 可知，拉里送货后开车回家,沿着公路行驶。walk意为“步行，行走”；tour意为“观光”； travel意为“行进；旅行”；rush意为“急速行进”。故选C项。 2.D 【解析】从首句可知拉里在一家运输公司上班，再结合上一题的分析可知，他是一名送货司机，由此可知，此处指他给客户送货。passenger 意为“乘客”；colleague意为“同事”；employer意为“雇主”；customer意为“顾客，客户”。故选D项。 3.C【解析】句意为：当他靠近些的时候，他发现另外一辆车翻在路上。设空处引导时间状语从句，故选C项。 4.B 【解析】根据前

15、句中的a car可知，此处是他发现另外一辆车。故选B项。,One more look and he noticed 5 shooting out from under the 6 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 7 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.,5.A.flames B.smoke C.water D.steam 6.A.used B.disabled C.removed D.ab

16、andoned 7.A.got hold of B.prepared C.took charge of D.controlled,5.A 【解析】根据下文中的the fire extinguisher可知，这辆车着火了。flame意为“火焰”； smoke意为“烟”； water意为“水”； steam意为“蒸汽”。故选A项。句意为：又看了一眼，他注意到火焰从毁坏的车底下喷涌而出。本段最后一句中的the fire was put out也是提示。 6.B【解析】根据上文对该车的描述upside down on the road可知，汽车是毁坏了的。 used意为“用过的”；disabled意为

17、“残疾的”，引申为“(东西)毁坏的”；removed意为“被移动的”；abandoned意为“被抛弃的”。故选B项。第10空所在句子中的wrecked为同义词复现。 7.A 【解析】由语境可知，他发现车辆失火了，将车停靠在路边。从后句可知他拿起灭火器灭火。get hold of意为“抓住”； prepare意为“准备”； take charge of意为“负责”； control意为“控制”。故选A项。下一句Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.也是暗示。,The man who had his brigh

18、t lights on 8 and told Larry he had 9 an emergency call. They 10 heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 11 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 12 until the emergency personnel arrived, 13 she thought the car was go

19、ing to 14 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 15 she injured her neck.,8.A.came down B.came through C.came in D.came over 9.A.returned B.received C.made D.confirmed 10.A.then B.again C.finally D.even 11.A.Starting B.Parking C.Passing D.Approaching 12.A.quiet

20、 B.still C.away D.calm 13.A.for B.so C.and D.but 14.A.explode B.slip away C.fall apart D.crash 15.A.as if B.unless C.in case D.after,8.D 【解析】根据and后的内容可知，开着远光灯的那位司机走了过来。come down意为“(价格、水平等)下降，降低”； come through意为“(信息、消息等)传来”； come in意为“进来”； come over意为“过来”。故选D项。 9.C 【解析】根据语境及空后的call可知，应选C项。make a call

21、为固定搭配，意为“打电话”。return意为“返回”，receive意为“收到”，confirm意为“证实”，均不符合语境。 10.A【解析】那位男士告诉拉里他已打了救援电话，然后他们听到从毁坏的车里传来一位女士的声音。根据语境可知选then。 11.D 【解析】由常识可知，听到车内有被困的人发出声音时，应该会走近车辆查看。start意为“开始；发动”；park意为“停车”；pass意为“通过”； approach意为“走近，接近”。故选D项。句意为：走近那辆车，他们看见一位女士正试图从损坏的窗户中出来。 12.B 【解析】根据下文的she should not move可知，他们让这位女士不

22、要动。quiet意为“安静的”； still意为“不动的，静止的”； away意为“离开”； calm意为“平静的”。故选B项。句意为：他们告诉她在救援人员到来前不要动，但是她认为这辆车要爆炸了。 13.D 【解析】由语境可知，前后句之间是转折关系，用but连接。for意为“因为”，表原因；so意为“因此”，表结果；and意为“和”，表顺承。 14.A【解析】根据后句内容判断这名女士怕汽车着火后爆炸。explode意为“爆炸”； slip away意为“溜走”； fall apart意为“崩溃；破裂”； crash意为“碰撞”。故选A项。 15.C 【解析】由语境可知，拉里不让她动，以防脖子受

23、伤。as if意为“好像”；unless意为“除非”； in case意为“以防”； after 意为“在之后”。故选C项。,Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 16 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 17 if he was needed or 18 to go. They let him and the other man go. One thing is 19 Larry went above and beyond the call of

24、 duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 20 most likely saved the womans life.,16.A.stepped forward B.backed off C.moved on D.set out 17.A.woman B.police C.man D.driver 18.A.forbidden B.ready C.asked D.free 19.A.for certain B.for consideration C.reported D.checked 20.A.patience B.skills

25、 C.efforts D.promise,16.B 【解析】根据and后的内容可知，他们后退以让救援人员工作。step forward 意为“向前走”； back off 意为“后退”； move on意为“继续前行”；set out意为“动身；着手进行”。故选B项。 17.B 【解析】根据下文的They let him and the other man go.可知，四个选项中，只有police符合语境。故选B项。 18.D 【解析】根据后句可知警察让他离开了。be forbidden to do意为“被禁止做”；be ready to do 意为“准备好做”；be asked to do

26、意为“被要求做”；be free to do 意为“随心所欲做”。故选D项。 19.A【解析】该部分是对拉里所做事情的肯定。for certain意为“确定的，无疑的”，符合语境。 20.C 【解析】从上文可知，他的努力挽救了那位女士的生命。 patience意为“耐心”； skill意为“技巧”； effort意为“努力”； promise意为“承诺”。故选C项。,体裁：议论文 主题：生活感悟 词数：251 建议用时：16 As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a

27、 routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 1 at work in people of all 2 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 3 with their new toys. But their 4 soon wears off and by January those 5 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 6 stamp alb

28、ums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones 7 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 8 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 9 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 10 but are s

29、oon looking forward to 11 . The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 12 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 13 drove for hours at a time when they first 14 their drivers licenses (执照)? Before people retire, they usually 15 to do a lot of 16 things,

30、 which they never had 17 to do while working. But 18 after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 19 . And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 20 .,本文的主题句。下文几个设空均围绕这一主旨选择答案。如：第5空，第7空，第11空。 第1空考查近义词，根据上文的rule

31、可知此处用principle。 第8空根据常识确定答案：父母把宠物带回家时，孩子肯定很兴奋。 原词复现。根据第5空后的toys可知答案。,Cloze 2,语篇线索,课标全国 2014 ,As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 1 at work in people of all 2 . For example, on Christmas morning

32、, children are excited about 3 with their new toys. But their 4 soon wears off and by January those 5 toys can be found put away in the basement.,1.A.principle B.habit C.way D.power 2.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages 3.A.working B.living C.playing D.going 4.A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.so

33、rrow 5.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive,【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，通过几个事例说明了一个道理：一般情况下，当所有的活动以常规方式进行的时候就会变得无聊，最初的期待和兴致或许会在很短的时间里消退。,1.A【解析】根据文章第一句中的rule，可知此处用principle（原理，原则）。habit意为“习惯”；way意为“方式”；power意为“权力，力量”。 2.D【解析】下文列举了不同年龄段的事例，所以此空用ages。 3.C【解析】根据语境及常识可知，圣诞节的早晨，孩子们应该是玩新玩具。play with意为“玩弄，摆弄”。 4.B【解析】根据语

34、境可知，孩子们对玩具的兴趣（interest）会渐渐消退。confidence意为“信心”；anxiety意为“焦虑”；sorrow意为“悲伤”。 5.A【解析】此处指上文提到的玩具，所以用same。,The world is full of 6 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones 7 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 8 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a sho

35、rt time, however, the 9 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 10 but are soon looking forward to 11 .,6.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled 7.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main 8.A.silently B.impatiently C

36、.gladly D.worriedly 9.A.promise B.burden C.right D.game 10.A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement 11.A.graduation B.Independence C.responsibility D.success,6.D【解析】根据空后的unfinished 可知此处应用与之类似的词，所以D项正确。well-organized意为“有条理的”；colorfully-printed意为“彩印的”；newly-collected意为“新收集的”。 7.B【解析】这些集邮册和模型没有完成，

37、当然只是人们对它们一时感兴趣的一种纪念。故选passing，passing interest意为“一时的兴趣”。broad意为“宽泛的”；different意为“不同的”；main意为“主要的”。 8.C【解析】根据常识可知，父母刚带回宠物时，孩子们会高兴地（gladly）给它们洗澡，照顾它们。silently意为“默默地”；impatiently意为“不耐烦地”；worriedly意为“担心地”。 9.B【解析】孩子们照顾宠物的兴趣渐渐消退时，这个负担（burden）就交给了父母。promise意为“诺言”；right意为“权利”；game意为“游戏”。 10.D【解析】根据常识可推断，青少

38、年对于读高中肯定是非常兴奋的。courage意为“勇气”；calmness意为“平静”；confusion意为“困惑”；excitement意为“兴奋”。故选D项。 11.A【解析】青少年对高中生活的新鲜感过后，就盼望毕业（graduation）。independence意为“独立”；responsibility意为“责任”；success意为“成功”。,The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 12 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drive

39、s to work, 13 drove for hours at a time when they first 14 their drivers licenses (执照)?,12.A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees 13.A.carefully B.eagerly C.nervously D.bravely 14.A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered,12.C【解析】根据下文的the long drives to work可知此空选adults（成年人）。 13.B【解析】刚刚拿到驾照的成年人

40、会急切地（eagerly）一次性开车好几个小时。carefully意为“细心地”；nervously意为“紧张地”；bravely意为“勇敢地”。 14.B【解析】由常识可知成年人在刚刚拿到（obtain）驾照时会急着去开车。require意为“要求，请求”；notice意为“注意到”；discover意为“发现”。,Before people retire, they usually 15 to do a lot of 16 things, which they never had 17 to do while working. But 18 after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 19 . And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 20 .,15.A.need B.learn C.start D.plan 16.A.great B.strange C.diff