临夏备考(理科)英语.ppt

1、,2015年高考英语备考分享,Name: Amanda,2015年高考英语备考分享,2015年高考英语备考分享,2015年高考考纲的三个变化,如何得天下: 阅读；完型提分策略,来自“战友”的问候和分享,考纲解读：三方面变,词汇量增加到3500左右。,增加了阅读中对词义推断的要求,改变语法填空题中所填词数的要 求并把样题变更为2014年高考卷真题。,1词汇量增加到3500左右。 考生要分清以下三个概念：1.课标词汇。2.考试大纲中所列词汇。3.考试说明中所列词汇。以往课标词汇是大于考试大纲所列词汇，而考试大纲所列词汇又大于考试说明所列词汇。2015年命题词汇量增加到3500个左右，意味着考纲词汇

2、和考试说明词汇的增加。同时更正原来的少量错误或完善个别词汇标注。,2增加了阅读中对词义推断的要求。 在语言运用部分对阅读的能力要求中，将原来的“根据上下文推断生词的词义”改为“根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义”。由此看出，考试中“词句猜测题”的难度会加大，尤其会加大考生对单词和短语在具体语境中特殊含义的考查力度。正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。正所谓“词本无意，意随文生”。此外，阅读文章

3、时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力。,3改变语法填空题中所填词数的要求并把样题变更为2014年高考卷真题。 2014年的考试说明中首次出现语法填空新题型，当年的做题要求是“阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式”，今年的考试说明中对该题语言材料空白处所需填写的内容要求更改为“1个单词”（其余内容未变）。要特别注意的是：这仅对未提供单词的空白处所填单词作出了明确的词数限制（只能填入1个单词）。但是，对于提供单词的空白处，要求填写所提

4、供单词的正确形式。这样的空白涉及所供单词的词形变化和词的用法，其正确形式有些只填写一个单词，有些需要填写一个以上的单词。因此，如果把考试说明中对语法填空题词数的限制仅仅理解为“10个空白处都只能填1个单词”，这是片面的。考试说明的样题是2014年考试的原题，在10空中，括号内提供单词有7个，没有提供单词需要自己写出单词的有3个。所给答案中有9个空只填了1个单词，但有1个填了tostop。可见，要求填“1个单词”的空白是没有提供单词的空白，提供单词的空白是要“填入括号内单词的正确形式”，这个正确形式就不会全部都是“1个单词”了。,阅读理解得天下,阅读理解考你什么？,阅读理解考你什么？,阅读理解并

5、不是考你阅读文章之后答出五道题而是通过五道题看你能否读懂这篇文章,阅读理解考你什么？,阅读理解并不是考你阅读文章之后答出五道题而是通过五道题看你能否读懂这篇文章,读懂什么？,1 主题 文章主题和段落主题 2重点 关键信息句,阅读理解中有三种信息,1有效信息： 2干扰信息： 3无效信息：,主题；重点,和错误选项对应；应尽量少读,非重点,阅读理解,=读懂一篇文章,=读懂有效信息,=抓主题+找重点,=有些信息是不用读的！,阅读理解做错只有两个原因,1.读多了 阅读理解唯一需要读懂的就是-主题句和重点信息 2.想多了 阅读理解唯一正确的思维-同义替换思维,在使用阅读技巧时 尽量做到以下几点：,1.带着

6、问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命 题 类,推 理 判 断 型,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar- ise the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)

7、Whats the best title for this passage?,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,主旨大意题解题方法与步骤：,主旨大意题指针对段落或短文的subject(主题)、main idea(主题思想)、title(题目)或purpose(目的)拟题。 1看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。 2以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。,主旨大意题,干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。,干扰项 可能是从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案) : 据文章全面

8、理解 而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-主旨大意题,Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cast American autowor

9、kers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.,练习题,细节题,解释,Question:

10、Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph A. GM is one of the largest car producers. B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia. C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers. D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is

11、terrible for American autoworkers.,文章,解释,【解析】答案为C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. Sth是同义词替换。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。,文章,文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, wh

12、ich, where, how, why 等。,事实细节型,解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that_. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特

13、定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,事实细节题,干扰项 范围过大、过小 。,干扰项 偷换概念。,干扰项 正误并存，某个分句是正确的。,解题方法 : 原文定位法。 1. 抓住问题中的关键词，迅速回到原文中找到这一细节 2.把细节所在段落仔细阅读一遍，与所给选项核对，分析，判断，得出答案,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-事实细节型,Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90.,Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the

14、 chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requi

15、res nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.,解释,文章,A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275,Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of f

16、ood is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows,练习题,解释,第三节,【解析】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275 【解析】答案为 C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找

17、出 C 符合图表内容。,文章,猜测词义题,猜测词义常见问题形式 (1)The word “” in Line means/can be best replaced by (2)As used in the passage, the phrase “” suggests (3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “” is/refers to (4)The word “” is closest in meaning to ,a. 定义法,It will be very hard but also very brittle.tha

18、t is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。,b. 同位法,They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。,c. 对比法,She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her fi

19、rst class. but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-词义猜测型,Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. modern C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the

20、 urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的).,解 释,第四节,解 释,这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educated）和没有受过教育的 （

21、illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选 C 项。,本题答案选C,透过现象看本质：领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度。,不要选择表层信息,推理判断型,忠实原文：据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有： The pas

22、sage implies (暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_. Which of the following can be inferred (推论)? What is the tone (语气) of the author ? What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? The passage is intended to _. Where would this passage most probably appear?,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-推

23、理判断型,Passage4 The concept (n. 观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our fr

24、eedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse

25、 to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise.,练习题,解释,P5,Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medi

26、cal knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.,文章,解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选 D 。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。,文章,研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们不难发现命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力，因此有关阅读理解题目更为重要的是: 主旨大意型 推理判断型,summary,完型填空,1.词汇 2.逻辑

27、,1.词汇,In the summer of 2005 when I was 18 ,I received the phone call which made that dream a (40)-;I became a member of the company. A.symbol B.memory C.truth D.reality,答案；D,It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team.At first I thought it was a crazy（39）-. 39 A.idea B.plan C.belief D.saying,idea: a plan or suggestion for a possible course of action especially one that you think of suddenly .,plan:sth that you have decided to do.,belie