托福强化班Sally口语Task4.ppt

1、TOEFL Training 4,By Sally Young 杨思晴,My Contact Information,杨思晴 (Sally) Y 702037094,Sample Studies- Integrated Speaking Task 2（第四类题型分析）,Reading+ Listening (academic related) Speaking读+听说 Step 1: Read a short reading passage about academic subject Step 2: Listen to a professors speech in a lecture on

2、the same subject Step 3: Answer a question based on what you have read and heard,XXX means_ XXX suggests that_ XXX, in another word, is_ XXX can be referred to as_ XXX is known as _ XXX is to _ XXX is a term used to describe_ XXX, that is to say,_,According to the reading passage, XXX is/ means_. In

3、 the lecture, the professor gives us 2 examples to demonstrate this idea. The 1st one is _. The 2nd one is _. The professor shares his/ her own experience to further explain this idea.,Reading: background information on an academic lecture. Listening: more specific information of the topic,第四类考题涉及内容

4、,1. 生物类 如何维持体温 生态系统如何保持平衡 生物之间的共生 食物保存的两种途径 动物间的混合记忆 动物间的共存,生态恢复 动物条件反射 免疫系统过敏反应 蝙蝠的定位与捕猎 森林火灾的好处 动物休眠 动物如何进行观察学习（章鱼）,2. 心理学及教育 罗森塔尔效应 罗森塔尔效应(Robert Rosenthal Effect)” 由美国著名心理学家罗森塔尔和雅格布森在小学教学上予以验证提出，也叫“期待效应”。暗示在本质上，人的情感和观念会不同程度地受到别人下意识的影响。人们会不自觉地接受自己喜欢、钦佩、信任和崇拜的人的影响和暗示。而这种暗示，正是让你梦想成真的基石之一,行为的消失 事先表扬

5、的好处与坏处 归因理论 瞬间记忆 Frame decision 责任转移 选择记忆 自我期望归真 潜意识,- Illusion transparency 尽管人们会竭力避免把不想把为人所知的信息透露给别人，也会尽可能客观地去推测他人如何看待自己，但他们仍然倾向认为自己语言的掩饰、表情的伪装和负罪感的逃避能被人看穿；而事实上却并非如此（在很大程度上，其实他们并未被看穿）。这种由于过高的估计别人对自己的洞悉水平而产生的被“看透”的错误直觉被成为被洞悉错觉。而且在亲密关系中，这种被洞悉错觉会被加强 。,Behavior chaining Shaping 背离自己角色 系统思考 3. 社科类（销售、广

6、告、市场） 个人与群体做事 断章取义 人们在团队中工作会变得less motivated,代币鼓励 行为后果影响行为 目标市场 解决问题的原则 消费与营销 Acting中如何入戏 Outside arts Non-verbal languages 跨国组织定义及好处,State dependency 调查出现偏差的原因 小孩模仿电视行动,Sample Studies 1,OG P274 Track 27 Social Interaction,Study o S.I inf. P behavPresence o behav wy P behav/per4m activity,1. know be

7、in watched-speed tie shoes faster 2 group 2. learnin new act: how 2 type type faster alone make mistakes,Sample Studies 2,Perceptual Constancy,Sample Studies 3,Actor Observor,Sample Studies 4,Group Think,Sample Studies 5,task 2第四类题：读+听说 Your turn! Begin reading now! Immunization,Immunization saved m

8、illions of lives in the 20th century. Therefore, it deserves to be called one of the greatest successes in medical history. Nowadays, a lot of serious diseases to which children are susceptible can be easily prevented by vaccines. Since the vaccines were introduced, rates of childhood diseases have

9、decreased by 95 to 100%.,Clean and polish Constipation Stool softener,Pain killer止痛药 Aspirin阿司匹林 Antibiotic 抗生素 Eye drop 眼药水 Lozenge止咳糖 Cough mixture Cough relief syrup止咳糖浆 Stool softener 通便药,Its been killing me. Its killing me. I cant feel my legs/ arms Urine test Constipation Pee, take a leak, tak

10、e a piss , hit the john, wee- wee, answer for the natures call,Pee Take a leak Take a piss Hit the john Answer for the natures call Wee-wee,Reading Notes: (1) Immu save millions lives (2) Childhd diseases Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a medicine class. Your turn!,Listening notes:

11、safe & effe Side effect / allergic reaction: Common effect of vaccines give it up? Avoidin takin other risks: liver can Compare the side eff those diseases,Sample studies 6,English Language Now read the passage about English language. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.,In an

12、 ideal world we would all be able to communicate with each other without fear of being misunderstood. One of the possible ways to accomplish this far-fetched idea is for everyone to speak a common language. The language most frequently proposed, for good or bad, has been English. On the other side o

13、f the coin, others feel that this would oppress immigrants and subjugate minorities by insisting on using Standard English.,Reading notes:,In deal world, we com + X fear o bein misunders. Pos way: every1 spk a common lang: English,Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a linguistic class,Y

14、our Turn!,New dialectEbonics: Af-am Eng Contro topic - status Con: Af-am parents argue : limits their kids + worsen status Pro: Misunderstd general public Benefit Af-A Ss, perform at schlearn stan Am-Eng,Listening part Ebonics is a controversial topic African American parents think that (1) allow Eb

15、onics at school can limit them and worsen their oppressed status (2) its a bad English.,Supporters believe that their proposal had been seriously misunderstood by the general public. (1) It would benefit African American students (2) The students can easily learn standard American English. (3) It is

16、 not a substandard version of English, but rather a dialect with the same structures,Sample Studies 7,Deltas Key P 318 Your turn! Begin reading now! Emotional Intelligence,Reading: Em Intel: S-aware+ S-contrl P+E.I understand feelinin wys + & help4 - succeed,Listening: Study E.I. mental Health Young

17、 P+ intel & arti abi 12-17 yr kids Research all subs- intense+ enthu young P Exp emo. & hap+ conflict/ pain/ over excited,e.g. 16 yr o kid: mis-un-stood P -hav pro talent P + E.I. understd- feelins Feel strongly exp pros They r criticized+ teased believe sths X + them Emba+ guilty 4 df. every1,Key:

18、The professor discusses a study on emotional intelligence. Emotional Intelligence includes self awareness, self-control and social ability According to what she says, researchers found out that those young people with emotional intelligence experienced emotional highs and lows.,They caused intense h

19、appiness, and also the conflict and pain The study shows that people with emotional intelligence understand their feelings. When they feel deeply about everything, they experience problems. Theyre criticized and teased and believe sth. is wrong with them. They feel embarrassed and guilty for being d

20、ifferent from everyone else.,Sample Studies 8,Deltas Key P 320 Your turn! Begin reading now! Social Roles,Reading: ich Ppositn in a social sys Behavior attch 2 each pos= a social role ich role in S.S relate 2 other roles in sys role partner.,Listening: Social.Role. + R.Partner Relat exist- Look at r

21、ole in relat 2 role partner Father + child R.P.s When- Compe bt. Expectatn of df role P.s R. Conflict Df R.P exp df behav u Parents u study hard/ Friend: study enough go party,Feel stress of C. bt role as a child & R. as a friend adult exp most severe C. Main C -tension tw respon 2 employer+ family

22、wk & fami role - dif 4 woman- stressed, in our society, women r exp Fami role ,Questions:,Explain the concept of role conflict, and explain when and why a person experiences a role conflict.,The profession explains that since relationship exists, we need to look at each role in relation to its role

23、partner. When theres competition between the expectations of different role partners, we have role conflict. Since different role partner expects different behavior from us, we feel stress of the conflict between different roles.,For example, the main conflict adults experience is the tension betwee

24、n their responsibility to employer and the responsibility to their family. Conflict between work and family role is especially difficult for women. They feel extremely stressed because in our society, women are expected to make their family role primary.,Sample Studies 9,Deltas Key P 321:Spatial mem

25、ory Reading notes: surv ski of A abi 2 rem+ recog ob in envir A. use spatial memo assemble paths vari goals,Listening notes: Spices of Bs store Fd in hiding places 4 later use Theyrem Loc of hiding Ps + accuracy They use spatial ldscape features as cues -allow Bds digmost Fd, even Ob moves, birdsear

26、ch F in spatial relation to ob,Resear A in farmi Lscape skill at find new Ob They react df Ob touch &handle Tdays Ob, quickly pay attenYsdays Ob Movin fami ob Ani examin Ob/ ignore them. Baboon 狒狒/ Nutcracker 星鸦:一种鸟,Key: an important survival skill of animals is their ability to remember and recogni

27、ze the objects in the environment. According to professors explanation, birds can search food in spatial relation to objects. Spices of birds store food in hiding places for later use.,They can remember the location of hiding places with great accuracy. They use spatial landscape features as spatial

28、 cues to where the food is buried. Spatial memory allows them to dig up most of the food theyre hiding, even though the objects have been moved.,Besides, animals in familiar landscape are also good at finding new objects. For example, if we place a new object each day when a group of baboons were ab

29、sent, they took less than 3 minutes to find out the new object. Moving familiar objects will cause animals to examine the objects. Otherwise they will ignore them.,Sample Studies 6,（Deltas Key P 319）-Boycotts Your turn! Begin reading now! Reading notes: Boycotts r a form of nonvio protest, the prat of power 2sociopoli goals, use