非谓语动词.ppt

1、一 概述：,非谓语动词：,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语以外的所有成分.,在一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，则用非谓语动词形式。,二 非谓语动词使用条件：,Eg: She got off the bus, _ her handbag on her seat. A. left B. leaves C. would leave D. leaving,D,三.非谓语动词的分类,to do doing 动名词； 现在分词 done,not,一 动词不定式,not,not,not,not,not +,二. 动名词的基本构成,not,not,no

2、t,not,三 分词的基本构成,doing done,四.非谓语动词在句子中的充当的成分 主语 宾语 动词不定式 表语 定语 状语 补语,动名词,分词,考点一. 动词不定式与动名词作主语,to do 作主语 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing . Playing with volleyball is interesting . To play with volleyball this afternoon is my favorite. It is/ was adj. (_ ) sb to do sth. It is very foolish _y

3、ou to believe him. It is necessary _him to learn English well.,of,for,of/for,It is useless no good no use doing a waste of worthwhile,There is no doing sth. = It is impossible to do sth 预测将来会发生什么是不可能的。,There is no telling what will happen in the future.,小结,1. to do / doing 作主语谓语动词用_. 2. 不定式作主语表_概念。

4、动名词作主语表_概念。 3. It 形式主语(句型),具体， 一次性,单数,抽象， 泛指,考点二. 非谓语动词作表语,to do 作表语 1. 说明主语的内容， 主表“等价”。 2.seem, appear, prove, turn out +to be 3.be to do 表示“应该，必须，命令，义务等” 4. Her wish is _ an engineer. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come 主语是aim， duty， hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose， wish,C,doing

5、 作表语 1. 说明主语的内容，主表“等价”。 to do 和 doing 作表语的区别？,分词作表语,The blackboard was broken by LiMing.,His father seems pleased with his results.,The girl is reading a book.,The glass is broken.,The door is closed.,Days are gone when he was looked down upon.,The news sounds interesting.,“-ing” 令人的,“-ed” 感到的,Vi的现在

6、分词只表示正进行； Vi的过去分词只表示已完成。,Vt.的现在分词表示主动。 Vt.的过去分词表示被动。,分词化的形容词只表示目前的 状态性质，不强调语态。,The sun is rising.,The sun is risen.,考点三.动词不定式与动名词作宾语,一. 谓语动词决定+to do/ doing 作宾语 1) V+to do want, expect, intend, demand, require, request, ask, decide, determine, agree, hope, wish, promise, choose, pretend, fail, refuse

7、, offer, volunteer, afford 2) V+ doing avoid/ miss/ delay/postpone/ suggest / advise/ finish/ practise/ enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/ admit/deny/ envy/ escape /risk /pardon / excuse/ stand /keep / mind+ doing sth,3) v + to do / doing 作宾语,a. begin / start,b. love/ like/ prefer/ hate,c. forget/ r

8、emember,d. mean/ try,e. stop/ go on,f. continue,g. regret,h. cant help,二.to do 作宾语的特殊情况 1.不定式作宾语的省略问题 a. You can do nothing but/ except/other than_. I have no choice but _. b. I meant to write to you, but I forgot to. C.to be sth to have done sth. to have been,wait,but/ except (to) do ,to wait,to do

9、 sth 为了避免重复,补充句型,2. vt. vi+ prep.,疑问词+ to do,Who,whom, which, what, where, when, how,I dont know what to do next.,I dont know what I should do next.,三. 动名词作宾语时的特殊情况 1. 主动表被动 2. 动名词作宾语时逻辑主语 your/ you/ Toms / Tom 注意：当动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的东西时，通常使用代词宾格或名词通格。,Sth be worth doing. Sth want/ require/ need/ + doing/

10、 to be done.,I was afraid of the tent falling down during the night If I bring my suits for dry-cleaning, is there any chance of it being ready this afternoon?,四. To do /doing 作宾语时的形式宾语句 Sb. + v. (find,think,believe,suppose) it +adj/n +for/of sb to do sth. Sb + v. (find,think,believe,suppose) it +no

11、 use/good+ doing sth.,五.to do / doing 作宾语时，经常涉及到时态和语态问题 1. 他假装成一个老师。 2. 他假装正认真听课。 3. 他假装已经知道了这个消息。,He pretends to be a teacher.,He pretends to be listening carefully.,He pretends to have known the news.,考点四：动词不定式，分词作宾补,advise, allow ,ask, beg ,cause, expect, encourage, force, hate ，invite, order , w

12、ish,oblige, want ,warn, remind, promise ,permit ,persuade, request+ o. + (not)to do ,1. V. + O. + to do,2. 吾看三室两厅一感觉 + o.+ do.,I saw Bob beat the boy.,do doing done,指经常性或一次性全过程,指动作正在进行,表被动,Bob was seen to beat the boy.,被动：,感官动词,+o.,See/ look at / notice / observe/watch Listen to/ hear / feel/ find,h

13、ave + O + do done doing,让做,让某人/物持续地做（否定句不听任、 不容忍）,使某事由别人做；使遭受,get+ O. + O.C. to do doing done,使动作进行起来,let + o.+ do be done make+ o.+ do done (understood/heard/seen/known/ not recognized),catch sb. doing sth smell sth burning find +O. +doing sth done leave +O.+ doing 听任保持进行的状态 undone听任保持被动的状态,Keep +

14、O.+O.C. doing done,1.We are not afraid to have our shortcomings_ ( point out) 2.He must have/get the computer_ (repair)at once. 3.He had his computer _ (steal) the other day. 4.He has me _ (repair) his computer as soon as possible . 5.He has me _(repair) his computer all the morning . 6.He had the l

15、ight _(burn) all day and night. 7.How can you have him_(say) such words to her ?,pointed out,repaired,stolen,repair,repairing,burning,saying,8. I cant have them _(waste) their time in this way. 9. Ill get someone _ (do) it for you . 10. He got me _(repair) the computer for him. 11.Can you get the ol

16、d car _(go) again? 12.You should understand the traffic rule by now . Youve had it _ (explain ) often enough. 13.He tries his best to have her written English _(improve ) in a short period. 14.The director had her assistant _(pick up ) some hot dogs for the meeting .,wasting,to do,to repair,going,ex

17、plained,improved,pick up,Though he had often made his little sister _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his little sister. 2.He tried his best , but he still couldnt make his point _ (understand). 3.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldnt make himself _(hear). 4.Lets _(go) out ,

18、 shall you ? 5.The explosion sent us _(run) in all directions. 6.The sound of the gun sent the birds _(fly) away. 7.What he said set me _(think) deeply.,cry,to cry,understood,heard,go,running,flying,thinking,8.Dont leave tools _(lie) about. 9.Dont leave the water _(run) while you brush your teeth. 1

19、0. Tom hurried to school , leaving the food _ (untouch). 11. Im sorry to have kept you _ (wait ) so long . 12.Well keep you _(inform) of how things are going with us .,lying,running,untouched,waiting,informed,1. At that moment I saw him _(cross)the road. 2.I was glad to see the children well _care o

20、f. 3.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _(smoke) in the kitchen. 4. He went away without saying anything, _(leave) us _(stand) outside. 5. Mr Brown was much disappointed to find the washing machine he had _(repair) went wrong again.,crossing,taken,smoking,leaving,standing,repaired,6. I

21、wonder if this is the computer you want to have _(repair). 7. Childrens being addicted to the Internet gets their parents_(worry). 8.The teacher asked us _so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make,repaired,worried,D,4. He is said to be an honest man . He is said to have go

22、ne abroad . A gold mine was reported to have been found in that area. Bell is considered to have invented the first phone. He is said to have been working there for five years.,be said to 类句式中不定式作主语补足语 be believed / considered / reported / supposed /thought + to do/ to have done,考点五. 非谓语动词作定语,动名词作定语

23、,1.表被修饰词的_. a walking stick a parking lot a smoking room a changing room,用途,2.,1.falling leaves 2.the boys playing basketball outside 3. the building standing there,leaves which are falling,the boys who are playing basketball,the building which stands there,1.现在分词作定语表示,主动;正在进行的动作或存在的状态,retired worke

24、rs polluted water the person loved by all,who have retired,which was/ has been polluted,the person who is loved by all,过去分词作定语表示,vi. 表示完成 vt. 表示被动或完成,不定式做定语,1. the best / the first to do 主动,2. ability，chance， anxiety, attempt, claim, decision, reply，determination ，idea+to do,3. Could you give me som

25、e books to read ? He is looking for a room to live in . Please give me a knife to cut vegetables with.,和所修饰词动宾关系,The maid asked :”Do you have anything_ ?” Ill go shopping . Do you have anything_ ？,to be washed,to be bought,The building being built now is a hospital. The building built last year is a

26、 hospital. The building to be built next year is a hospital.,坐在旁边的人是个英语老师，名字叫 他/她是与我们英语老师共用一个办公室的老师之一。他/她是一个受学生爱戴的好老师。,The person _(sit/seat) next to is an English teacher _(call) . He/She is one of the teachers _(work) in the same office with our English teacher. He/ She is a good teacher _(love) b

27、y all the studetns in our school.,sitting/seated,called,working,loved,坐在旁边的人是个英语老师，名字叫 他/她是与我们英语老师共用一个办公室的老师之一。他/她是一个受学生爱戴的好老师。,The person _(sit/seat) next to is an English teacher _(call) . He/She is one of the teachers _(work) in the same office with our English teacher. He/ She is a good teacher

28、_(love) by all the studetns in our school.,sitting/seated,called,working,loved,考点六. 非谓语动词作状语,非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,动词不定式作状语,1. 目的状语 (not) to do, so as (not) to, 句中 in order (not) to, 句首，句中,2.结果状语 （五大句型） too to do enough to do such as to do so as to do only to do 表示预料之外的结果,3. 原因状语 主+ be + adj + to d

29、o sth happy, sorry, angry, glad. astonished，excited. .,4. adj + to do,The book is difficult to understand.,True or False 1.To learn English well, his father bought him an English- English dictionary. 2. To get him to learn well, his father bought him an English- English dictioanry. 3.To make him lea

30、rn English well, his father bought him an English English dictionary. 4. To learn English well, he asked his father to buy him an English-English dictionary.,分词作状语,1. When he saw the cat, the mouse ran off. _, the mouse ran off. If you work hard, you will succeed. _, you will succeed. Although he li

31、ved miles away, he attended the course. _，he attended the course. Once you lose this chance, you cant easily find it. _，you cant easily find it. As he was tired out, he could not walk any further. _，he could not walk any further. The fire lasted nearly a month, and left nothing valuable. The fire la

32、sted nearly a month,_.,Seeing the cat,Working hard,Living miles away,Losing this chance,Being tired out,leaving nothing valuable,When he was asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. _, the monitor said it was his duty. If we were given more time, we could do it better. _, we could do i

33、t better.,Asked why he did it,Given more time,As he was lost in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him. _, he almost ran into the cat in front of him. The old man went into the room, and was supported by his wife. The old man went into the room, _.,Lost in thought,supported by his wife

34、,Because I have lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well. _,I almost know every place quite well.,Having lived in London for years,分词完成式 强调先于主句谓语发生,Although they had been beaten by the opposite team, the players werent discouraged. _, the players werent discouraged.,Having bee

35、n beaten,While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. _, he nodded from time to time. Even if coming by taxi, I will arrive at least 45 minutes . _, I will arrive at least 45 minutes .,While he was reading the book,Even if I come by taxi,Even if invited , I wont go. _, I wont go. This book w

36、ill sell well when painted. This book will sell well when_.,Even if I am invited,it is painted,Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. Having been used for many years, the bike needs reparing.,1. Being used by me now, the bike cant be lent to you. 2. Being ill, she didnt come yesterday.

37、,纯粹的形容词,1. (Seeing / Seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. 2. (Seeing / Seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 3. (Hearing / heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 4. (Giving / Given) more time, we could do it better.,Seeing,Seen,Hearing,Give

38、n,1._,Istretchedmyhandoutforit. A.IsawthebookIwantedontheshell B.ThebookIwantedwasontheshell C.Seeingthebooklyingacrossthedesk D.Lyingonthedesk,C,2. Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_. A.doctorscametotheirrescue B.thetallbuildingcollapsed C.anemergencymeasurewastaken D.warningweregiventotourists,B,分词作

39、状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致,1 _ harder, youll be No. 1 in your class. A. Work B. Working C. To work D. Having worked 2 _ almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. A To weigh B Weighed C Being weighed D Weighing 3 He died, _ nothing but debts. A. left B. to leave C leaving D. having left 4 _,

40、Mary didnt come to school yesterday. Ill B Being ill C. To be ill D. Mary was ill 5. They arrived home, _. being safe and sound B. to be safe and sound C. safe and sound D. having been safe and sound 6. _ to the party, she had to stay home sadly. Having not been invited B. Not invited C. Not having

41、invited D. Not having been invited 7. _ his homework, he left the classroom happily. A. Finished B. Finishing C. To finish D. Having finished,B,D,C,B,C,D,D,现在分词（doing）作结果状语 表示顺其自然的，必然的结果,纯粹的形容词（非分词转化而来）作原因状语在其前加being.,形容词（原型）直接作伴随状语，不须任何变化.,分词的完成式强调先于主句谓语发生(常表时间/原因)， having done(主动，先发生)； having been

42、 done(被动，先发生),将下列状语从句改为非谓语 短语作状语： 1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder.,2. When he found the door locked, he went home.,He started early in order that he could get there on time.,现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动；,1. (Seeing / Seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factor

43、y. 2. (Seeing / Seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 3. (Hearing / heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 4. (Giving / Given) more time, we could do it better.,Seeing,Seen,Hearing,Given,5._,Istretchedmyhandoutforit. A.IsawthebookIwantedontheshell B.ThebookIwantedwaso

44、ntheshell C.Seeingthebooklyingacrossthedesk D.Lyingonthedesk,C,6. Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_. A.doctorscametotheirrescue B.thetallbuildingcollapsed C.anemergencymeasurewastaken D.warningweregiventotourists,B,分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致,1 _ harder, youll be No. 1 in your class. A. Work B. Working C.

45、To work D. Having worked 2 _ almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. A To weigh B Weighed C Being weighed D Weighing 3 He died, _ nothing but debts. A. left B. to leave C leaving D. having left 4 _, Mary didnt come to school yesterday. Ill B Being ill C. To be ill D. Mary was ill 5

46、. They arrived home, _. being safe and sound B. to be safe and sound C. safe and sound D. having been safe and sound 6. _ to the party, she had to stay home sadly. Having not been invited B. Not invited C. Not having invited D. Not having been invited 7. _ his homework, he left the classroom happily. A. Finished B. Finishing C. To finish D. Having finished,B,D,C,B,C,D,D,现在分词（doing）作结果状语 表示顺其自然的，必然的结果,纯粹的形容词（非分词转化而来）作原因状语在其前加being.,形容词（原型）直接作伴随状语，不须任何变化.,分词的完成式强调先于主句谓语发生(常表时间/原因)， having done(主动，先发生)； having been done(被动，先发生),判断下列句子正误：,1. To learn Eng