book1 unit 1.ppt

1、,Unit One Growing Up,I. Lead-in Questions,1. Would you enjoy writing “The Art of Eating Spaghetti ”? Why or why not? 2. Why did Russell Baker enjoy writing “The Art of Eating Spaghetti”? 3. Look at the title of Text A, then find out in which paragraph a similar phrase appears. Read that paragraph ca

2、refully and explain in your own words what the author means by saying “writing for myself”.,II. Cultural Notes,1.Grade schools in the U.S.,2.Spaghetti and the proper way of eating it,3.What American teachers wear in school.,1.Grade schools in the U.S.,American schools generally consist of elementary

3、 schools (kindergarten to 5th or 6th grade), middle schools (grades 6-8) or junior high schools (grades 7-9), and high schools (grades 9-12 or 10-12). Many children attend preschool and kinder- garten from ages three to five, most youngsters begins first grade at around 6. Students do not pay tuitio

4、n in grades 1-12. They graduate and receive a diploma after twelfth grade.,2.Spaghetti and the proper way of eating it Spaghetti is the Italian-style thin noodle, cooked by boiling and served with sauce. Usually you would put a fork into a plate of spaghetti, turn the fork several times so that spag

5、hetti will wind around the fork, then place the fork into your mouth. Its impossible to suck.,3.What American teachers wear in school. Nowadays, people in the U.S. love to dress casually. Even among those companies with a rigid dress code some now allow employees not to wear suits on Fridays. U.S. t

6、eachers wear fairly formal clothes to school, but not necessarily suits and ties. Bow ties are considered even more old-fashioned than ties.,III. Language Points,Words,1.possibility n. 1)the fact or state of being possible 可能，可能 性 eg: I admit the possibility of your being right . 我承认你可能是对的。 There is

7、 no possibility of his success. 他不可能成功。 2)something that is possible 可能的事物 eg: What are the possibilities? 可能会发生哪些情况？ It is a possibility that he will come tonight. 他今晚有可能来。,Words,3)potentiality for favorable or interesting results.潜在价值 eg:The idea has tremendous possibilities. 这个想法极具潜在价值。 My new ho

8、use has great possibilities. 我的新房子有很大的潜在价值。 短语：by any possibility 以任何可能的方法 eg:They cannot by any possibility be in time. 他们决不可能准时。 If I could by any possibility manage to do it, I would. 只要我有可能设法去做，我会去做的。,Words,2.bore vt. 1)to make weary by being dull, repetitive, or tedious 使人厌烦 eg:The play bored u

9、s. 这出戏剧令我们厌烦。 The teacher bored his students. 这位老师使学生感到厌烦。 2) to make a hole in or through, with or as if with a drill 钻孔 eg:bore a tunnel through the mountain 开凿一条穿山隧道 bore a hole in the floor 在地板上打个洞,Words,n. 1)a hole made by boring孔 eg:He made a bore in the board. 他在板上钻了一个孔。 2)something or somebo

10、dy that is unpleasant or annoying 令人厌烦的事物或人 eg:It is a bore having to go out again on a cold night like this. 像今天这样寒冷的夜晚还得出门真烦死人。 The play was a bore. 那出戏令人生厌。 派生词：boredom n.厌烦，乏味 boring adj.(事物)另人厌烦的, 乏味的 bored adj.(人)感到厌倦的,Words,短语：boreto death 使厌烦死了，烦透了 eg:You must be bored to death. 你一定烦透了。 I wa

11、s bored to death before the first day was out. 第一天还没过去我就已经厌烦得要命了。,Words,3.associate v.1)to connect or join together; combine联合，合并 eg: They were closely associated with each other during the war. 在战争期间，他们的关系密切。 She associated herself with her father in banking. 她跟父亲一起从事银行业。 2) to connect in the mind

12、or imagination 联想，在心中联系 eg: We associate China with the Great Wall. 我们想起中国，就联想到长城。 I cannot associate the two ideas. 我无法将这两个概念联系在一起。,Words,n.1)partner合伙人，伙伴 eg: He is not a friend; he is a business associate. 他不是我的朋友，而是我生意上的合伙人。 He was my close associate at school. 他是我学生时代的亲密伙伴。 2)the holder of an a

13、ssociate degree 准学士学位，大专毕业证书 eg: an Associate of Arts 准文学学士学位,Words,adj. quasi, assistant 准的，副的 eg: associate professor 副教授 an associate editor of a magazine 杂志副主编 近义词:combine, connect ,join(v.), partner(n.) 派生词：association n. 联合，合并。 短语：associatewith 把和联想到一起。 eg:We associate turkey with Thanksgiving

14、. 我们看到火鸡就联想到感恩节。 We associate rose with love. 我们看到玫瑰就想到爱情。,Words,4.anticipate v.1)expect 预期，预料 eg:I anticipate great pleasure from my visit to Beijing. 我预料这次访问北京会得到莫大的愉快 We anticipate a heavy rainfall tomorrow. 我们预料明天会下大雨。 2)to do sth. before抢占，占先 eg:We anticipated our competitors by publishing our

15、article first. 我们抢在对手之前发表了文章。 They may have anticipated Columbus in the discovery of America. 他们可能比哥仑布早先发现美洲。,Words,3）to make use of before the proper time 预支 eg:Dont anticipate your income. 不要寅吃卯粮。 anticipate ones next months salary 提前支用下月工资 近义词：expect 派生词：anticipation n.预料，预期,Words,5. tedious adj.

16、 boring and lasting for a long time 乏味的，冗长的 eg:The arguments were tedious and complicated. 那些论点冗长而繁复。 Traveling through a desert in a car is tedious. 乘车穿越沙漠旅行是乏味的。 a tedious speaker 说话罗嗦的人 tedious work 乏味的工作 a tedious lesson 无聊的课 派生词: tedium n. 乏味，冗长,Words,6.reputation n.1)the general estimation in

17、which a person is held by the public名气，名声 eg:The English had a bad reputation for food. 人人皆知英国的食物很糟糕。 have a reputation for idleness 懒惰得出名 2）the state or situation of being held in high esteem 好名声，名誉，声望 eg:He is winning a reputation among businessmen. 他在商界赢得了好名声。 She has a high reputation as a write

18、r. 她是一个非常有名望的作家。,Words,近义词：fame 短语：save(ruin) ones reputation 挽回（毁掉）某人的名誉 build up a reputation 博得名誉,Words,7.inspire v.1)fill sb. with confidence, eagerness , etc. 激励，鼓舞 eg:I was inspired to work harder than ever before. 我受到激励比以往任何时候都更努力工作。 inspire sb. with courage 鼓起某人的勇气 inspire confidence in sb.

19、使某人产生信心 inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人作某事,Words,2) to affect or touch 影响，触动 eg:The falling leaves inspired her with sadness. 落叶触动了她的伤感。 3) to draw in (air) by inhaling 吸入 eg:inspire the crisp fall air 吸入秋天的清新空气 近义词：encourage 派生词：inspiration n.灵感，鼓舞 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的,Words,8.formal adj.1)relating to o

20、r involving outward form or structure 外行的，形式(上)的 eg:the formal structure of a poem 一首诗形式上的结构 a formal likeness 外表上的相似 formal beauty 形式的美，外表的美,Words,2）serious and careful in manner and behavior 刻板的，拘谨的 eg:He is very formal in all his dealings. 他待人处事都很刻板。 a formal manner 拘谨的态度,Words,3) based on correc

21、t or accepted rules 正式的，合乎传统习俗的 eg: Business letters are usually formal, but we write in an informal way to family members or friends. 商业信件通常都是很讲究格式的，但我们给家人或朋友写信就比较随便了。 go to a formal party 参加一个正式聚会 反义词：informal adj.非正式的 an informal visit 非正式访问,Words,9.severe adj.1)completely plain 朴素的 eg:a severe b

22、lack dress 朴素的黑衣裙 a severe literary style 了无华饰的简洁文体 severe beauty 淳朴的美 2) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc. 严重的，剧烈的 eg:a severe attack of influenza 流行性感冒的剧烈发作 a severe shortage of food 食品的严重短缺,Words,3)extremely difficult to accomplish 严峻的 eg:a severe competition 激烈的竞争 a severe test of

23、 ability 对能力的严峻考验 派生词：severely adv.严格的，严厉的，严肃的 severity n. 严格,严厉,严肃,Words,10.antique n.an object having special value because of its age 古玩，古董 eg:a fake antique 假古玩 genuine antique 真古董 imitation antiques 仿古品 adj. belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period 古板的，古风的，古式的 eg:antique furniture

24、 旧式（古香古色）的家具 an antique mirror 古镜 近义词：aged年老的 ancient古老的, archaic, old 反义词： modern,Words,11.tackle v.1)try to deal with处理，应付 eg:I dont know how to tackle this problem. 我不知道如何解决这个问题。 He tackles his homework after supper. 他晚饭后开始作家庭作业。 2) (in football) to seize and throw down (an opposing player) （橄榄球中

25、）抱住并摔倒（或挡住）对方球员 eg:He tackles fearlessly. 他毫无畏惧地紧抱住（对方）。,Words,近义词： deal with 应付，处理 短语：tackle sb. about (over) sth. 为某事与某人坦率地交谈 eg:After the meeting he tackled me about my speech. 会议后他和我坦率地交流对讲演的看法。 If Bills late again Ill have to tackle him about it. 如果贝尔再迟到，我会坦率地和他谈。,Words,12.scan v. look through

26、quickly 浏览，粗略地看 eg:He scanned the newspaper while having his breakfast. 他吃早饭时把报纸浏览了一下。 He scanned the articles that might give the information he needed. 他浏览一下可能提供自己所需要的资料的一些文章。 近义词：examine检查, inspect视察,Words,13.extraordinary adj.1)very unusual or strange 不同寻常的，奇特的 eg:Perhaps the most extraordinary

27、building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace. 也许19世纪最不寻常的建筑物要算“水晶宫”了。 a man of extraordinary strength 特别有力气的人 2)highly exceptional; remarkable 非凡，显著的 eg:an extraordinary achievement 一个非凡的成就 an extraordinary leader 杰出的领导人,Words,3) in addition to the ordinary ones 临时的，额外的 eg:the extraordi

28、nary session (of the Diet) （日本，丹麦，德国，瑞典等的） 临时议会 an extraordinary general meeting 临时大会 近义词： remarkable显著的, unusual不同寻常的,Words,14.sequence n. 1)a group of things that are arranged in or happen in an order 一连串相关的事物 eg:a sequence of historical plays by Shakespeare 莎士比亚的一系列历史剧 calamities in rapid sequenc

29、e 接二连三的灾祸 2)an order of succession; an arrangement 次序，顺序 eg: In a poem, cadences are arranged in regular sequence. 在一首(英)诗里，抑扬顿挫是按一定顺序配置的。 in sequence of date 按照日期先后 a sequence of clubs （牌戏中的）同花顺子,Words,近义词：succession, series 派生词:sequent adj.顺序的，依次的，后来的 短语：in sequence 顺次 in regular sequence 按着次序 the

30、 sequence of events 事情的先后次序,Words,15.contempt n.1)scorn 轻视，藐视 eg:fall into contempt by foolish and bad behavior 由于愚昧和不良行为被人瞧不起 hold sb. in contempt 藐视某人 in contempt of all rules and regulations 藐视一切规章制度 contempt of court 藐视法庭；不遵守法庭的规定,Words,2)disgrace受辱，丢脸，不光彩 eg:bring sb. into contempt 使某人受辱（丢脸） He

31、 had to live in contempt after that. 他在那之后不得不过屈辱的生活。 派生词：contemptible adj.可鄙的，轻蔑的 反义词:esteem 尊重 ， honor 荣誉, respect 尊敬 短语：be beneath contempt卑鄙到了极点；应予鄙视，不值一顾 eg:His conduct is beneath contempt. 他的行径 卑鄙到极点。 in contempt of 藐视，不在乎 eg:He rushed forward in contempt of danger. 他不顾危险向前冲。,Words,16.avoid v.1

32、)keep or get away from 避免，回避，逃避;防止 eg:We only just avoided an accident. 我们几乎撞车（或遭难）。 I cannot avoid seeing him. 我难免要和他见面。 2) stay clear of; shun 避开 eg:I walked carefully to avoid the puddles in the road. 我小心行走以避开路上的水坑。 avoid crowds 避开人群,Words,16.avoid v.1)keep or get away from 避免，回避，逃避;防止 eg:We only

33、 just avoided an accident. 我们几乎撞车（或遭难）。 I cannot avoid seeing him. 我难免要和他见面。 2) stay clear of; shun 避开 eg:I walked carefully to avoid the puddles in the road. 我小心行走以避开路上的水坑。 avoid crowds 避开人群,Words,3) make void; invalidate（法）撤消，作废 eg:avoid a plea 使抗辩无效 派生词：avoidance n.避免，回避，避开 avoidable adj. avoidab

34、ly adv 近义词：keep away from避开 evade 躲避,Phrases,1.out of date: old-fashioned 过时的 eg:This style has gone out of date. 这种式样已经过时。 The dance used to be very popular, but now it is out of date. 这种舞蹈过去很流行但是现在已经过时了。,Phrases,2.face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with 勇敢地接受或面对 eg:She must face up to t

35、he fact that she is no longer young. 她必须接受她不再年轻的事实。 You are too old for the job. You have to face up to the fact. 你太老了，这个工作不适合你，你应该面对现实。,Phrases,3.turn in 1) hand in; give over 交还，上交 eg:You must turn in your uniform before you leave. 你离开前必须把制服交还。 2) inform on or deliver 告发，检举 eg:They turned the esca

36、ped prisoner in to the police. 他们将逃犯送交警方。 3)produce 完成 eg:turns in a consistent performance every day. 每天的表现都很一致,Phrases,4.hold back: prevent the expression of(feelings, tears, etc.)控制 eg:He is accustomed to holding back his emotions. 他惯于控制自己的感情。 She smiled and could not hold back tears of joy. 她笑了，

37、眼里充满了喜悦的泪花。,IV. Comprehension,122,1. Text Organization,2. Main Idea,.,The writer was bored by everything associated with English courses, including essay writing. Unluckily, his new teacher, Mr. Fleagle, had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire. Mr. Fleagle distributed a

38、 homework sheet offering the students a choice of topics. The writer recalled the night in Belleville when his family were seated around the supper table, eating Spaghetti. So he wrote “The Art of Eating Spaghetti”. Mr. Fleagle read this essay in class and praised the writer. At that moment, the wri

39、ter understood writing is not only for readers but also for himself.,3. Paraphase,.,1) The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasnt until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. Ever since I was a child in Belleville, I h

40、ad thought of becoming a writer from time to time, but I didnt make up my mind until I was in the eleventh grade.,2) Until then Id been bored by everything associated with English courses. Up to then I had lost interest in things related to English courses.,3) I hated the assignment to turn out long

41、, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. I found it painful to write long, boring essays as required by teachers; neither did teachers enjoy what I wrote.,4) He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. It was said that he was very strict an

42、d old-fashioned.,5) When our class was assigned to Mr.Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. When it was decided that Mr. Fleagle would teach us English during my third year in high school, I expected the English course to be as boring a

43、s before.,6)I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. I expected that things wouldnt improve with Mr. Fleagle as our English teacher, and for a long time I was right in my expectations.,7) Later in the year we tackled the informal essay. Later in th

44、e year we learned how to write informal essays and practiced writing them.,8) This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. At the sight of the title I saw an unusual series of pictures in my minds eye.,9) To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal comp

45、osition Id learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. But if I wrote what I wanted to write, I would break all the rules of formal composition Id learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would definitely give it a very low score.,10) I was preparing myself for a command to re

46、port to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the classs attention. I expected that Mr. Fleagle would order me to see him soon after school for the purpose of punishing me when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock at t

47、he desk so that he could attract the classs attention.,11) In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as if it were, I had discovered a calling. In the eleventh grade, and one might say at the last possible moment, I had found something I wished to take up as a career.,4. Grammar,.,Usage of “as” As

48、 Conj. 1) while; when; at the time that eg:He caught me as I was leaving 2) in the way that eg:dancing as only she can 3)that which; what eg:I did as I was told 4) (of) which fact, event, etc (referring to the previous statement) eg:To become wise, as we all know, is not easy 5)since; seeing that eg

49、:As youre in charge here, youd better tell me where to wait,6)in the same way that eg:He died of cancer, as his father had done 7)in spite of the extent to which eg:Intelligent as you are, I suspect you will fail 8)for instance eg:capital cities, as London adv/conj. used correlatively before an adje

50、ctive or adverb and before a noun phrase or a clause to indicate identity of extent, amount, etc.used with this sense after a noun phrase introduced by the same,prep. in the role of; being eg:As his friend, I am probably biased Related phrases 1) You use as for and as to at the beginning of a senten

51、ce in order to introduce a slightly different subject that is still connected to the previous one. eg: I feel that theres a lot of pressure put on policemen. And as for putting guns in their hands, I dont think thats a very good idea at all. 我感觉到警察们承受着巨大的压力。但让他们携带枪支，我认为那根本不是个好主意。 2) You use as to to

52、 indicate what something refers to. eg:They should make decisions as to whether the student needs more help. 在学生是否需要帮助这件事上你们应该做出决定。,3) If you say that something will happen as of, or in British English as from, a paticular date or time, you mean that it will happen from that time on. eg: The border,

53、 effectivelly closed since 1981, will be opened as of January the 1st. 自1981年边界关闭之后，将在1月1日起开放。 She is to retire as from 1 October. 她从十月一日起退休了。 4) You use as if and as though when you are giving a possible explanation for something or saying that something appears to be the case when it is not. eg: A

54、nne shrugged, as if she didnt know. 安耸耸肩 ，仿佛她并不知道。,6. Writing Technique,.,Russell Baker is very good at selecting details to prove his point. For example, in paragrapg2 he creats an unfavorable image of Mr. Fleagle by describing his “formal, rigid and hopeless out-of-date” eyeglasses, hraistyle, clothes, jaw, nos