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毕 业 设 计 任 务 书 200 8年3月1日 毕业设计题目 自动洗衣机行星齿轮减速器的设计指导教师俞云强职称讲师专业名称机电一体化技术班级机电50532学生姓名徐共文学号5020053232设计要求1.完成资料翻译一份（3000字以上）2.完成毕业设计调研报告一份；3.完成行星齿轮减速器的设计4.完成相关结构设计；5.完成毕业设计说明书一份；6.完成相关图纸。完成毕业课题的计划安排序号内容时间安排1外文资料翻译2008.2.1至2008.3.52搜集相关资料并调研，完成调研报告2008.3.6至2008.3.143进行减速器结构的选择，以及行星齿轮减速器基本参数和主要尺寸的选择。编写说明书，绘制相关图纸。2008.3.15至2008.4.54整理毕业设计说明书并定稿，准备答辩2008.4.6 至2008.4.195答辩2008.4.20答辩提交资料外文资料翻译，毕业设计调研报告，毕业设计说明书，相关图纸。计划答辩时间2008.4.20 XXXXXXX学院机电技术学院 2008 年 3 月 1日分类号 密级 无锡职业技术学院毕业设计说明书题 目：自动洗衣机行星齿轮减速器的设计 英文并列题目: Automatic Washing Machine Design PlanetaryGear Reducer 学 生 姓 名： 徐共文 专 业： 机电一体化技术 指 导 教 师： 俞云强 职 称： 副教授 毕业设计说明书提交日期 2008.4.20 地址：机电学院无锡职业技术学院毕业设计说明书自动洗衣机行星齿轮减速器的设计摘要：本课题是有关一种自动洗衣机减速离合器内部减速装置行星轮系减速器的设计。在洗衣机中使用行星轮系减速器正是利用了行星齿轮传动：体积小，质量小，结构紧凑，承载能力大；传动效率高；传动比较大；运动平稳、抗冲击和震动的能力较强、噪声低的特点。行星轮减速其实就是齿轮减速的原理,它有一个轴线位置固定的齿轮叫中心轮或太阳轮,在太阳轮边上有轴线变动的齿轮,即既作自转又作公转的齿轮叫行星轮,行星轮有支持构件叫行星架,通过行星架将动力传到轴上,再传给其它齿轮.它们由一组若干个齿轮组成一个轮系.只有一个原动件,这种周转轮系称为行星轮系.关键词：行星轮系减速器、行星轮、中心轮、行星架。目 录第一章 概述 1 第二章 原始数据及系统组成 2（一）原始数据2（二）系统组成框图2第三章 减速器简介 4第四章 传动系统的方案设计 5传动方案的分析与拟定51.对传动方案的要求52.拟定传动方案5第五章 行星齿轮传动设计 6 (一)行星齿轮传动比和效率计算 6 (二)行星齿轮传动的配齿计算 61.传动比条件62.同轴条件63.装配条件74.邻接条件7 (三)行星齿轮传动的几何尺寸和啮合参数计算 8 （四）行星齿轮传动强度计算及校核10 1、行星齿轮弯曲强度计算及校核102、齿轮齿面强度的计算及校核113、有关系数和接触疲劳极限11（五）行星齿轮传动的受力分析 13（六）行星齿轮传动的均载机构及浮动量 15（七）轮间载荷分布均匀的措施15第六章 行星轮架与输出轴间齿轮传动的设计17（一）选择齿轮材料及精度等级 17（二）按齿面接触疲劳强度设 17（三）按齿根弯曲疲劳强度计算 18（四）主要尺寸计算 18（五）验算齿轮的圆周速度v 18第七章 行星轮系减速器齿轮输入输出轴的设计19（一）减速器输入轴的设计191、选择轴的材料，确定许用应力192、按扭转强度估算轴径193、确定各轴段的直径194、确定各轴段的长度195、校核轴19（二）行星轮系减速器齿轮输出轴的设计211、选择轴的材料，确定许用应力212、按扭转强度估算轴径213、确定各轴段的直径214、确定各轴段的长度215、校核轴 22第八章 结论24第九章 参考文献25第十章 设计小结26第十一章 致谢27IV英文翻译资料浅析机电一体化技术的现状和发展趋势摘要机电一体化是现代科学技术发展的必然结果,本文简述了机电一体化技术的基本概要和发展背景。综述了国内外机电一体化技术的现状，分析了机电一体化技术的发展趋势。关键词机电一体化 技术 现状 产品 制造技术 发展趋势0绪论现代科学技术的不断发展，极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透，导致了工程领域的技术革命与改造。在机械工程领域，由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化，使机械工业的技术结构、产品机构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化，使工业生产由“机械电气化”迈入了“机电一体化”为特征的发展阶段。1机电一体化概要机电一体化是指在机构得主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术，将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称。机电一体化发展至今也已成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科，随着科学技术的不但发展，还将被赋予新的内容。但其基本特征可概括为：机电一体化是从系统的观点出发，综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、自动控制技术、计算机技术、信息技术、传感测控技术、电力电子技术、接口技术、信息变换技术以及软件编程技术等群体技术，根据系统功能目标和优化组织目标，合理配置与布局各功能单元，在多功能、高质量、高可靠性、低能耗的意义上实现特定功能价值，并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术。由此而产生的功能系统，则成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品。因此，“机电一体化”涵盖“技术”和“产品”两个方面。只是，机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术，而不是机械技术、微电子技术以及其它新技术的简单组合、拼凑。这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成的机械电气化在概念上的根本区别。机械工程技术有纯技术发展到机械电气化，仍属传统机械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的体力。但是发展到机电一体化后，其中的微电子装置除可取代某些机械部件的原有功能外，还能赋予许多新的功能，如自动检测、自动处理信息、自动显示记录、自动调节与控制自动诊断与保护等。即机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延伸，还是人的感官与头脑的眼神，具有智能化的特征是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能上的本质区别。2机电一体化的发展状况机电一体化的发展大体可以分为3个阶段。20世纪60年代以前为第一阶段，这一阶段称为初级阶段。在这一时期，人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的初步成果来完善机械产品的性能。特别是在第二次世界大战期间，战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合，这些机电结合的军用技术，战后转为民用，对战后经济的恢复起了积极的作用。那时研制和开发从总体上看还处于自发状态。由于当时电子技术的发展尚未达到一定水平，机械技术与电子技术的结合还不可能广泛和深入发展，已经开发的产品也无法大量推广。20世纪7080年代为第二阶段，可称为蓬勃发展阶段。这一时期，计算机技术、控制技术、通信技术的发展，为机电一体化的发展奠定了技术基础。大规模、超大规模集成电路和微型计算机的迅猛发展，为机电一体化的发展提供了充分的物质基础。这个时期的特点是：mechatronics一词首先在日本被普遍接受，大约到20世纪80年代末期在世界范围内得到比较广泛的承认；机电一体化技术和产品得到了极大发展；各国均开始对机电一体化技术和产品给以很大的关注和支持。20世纪90年代后期，开始了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈进的新阶段，机电一体化进入深入发展时期。一方面，光学、通信技术等进入了机电一体化，微细加工技术也在机电一体化中崭露头脚，出现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化等新分支；另一方面对机电一体化系统的建模设计、分析和集成方法，机电一体化的学科体系和发展趋势都进行了深入研究。同时，由于人工智能技术、神经网络技术及光纤技术等领域取得的巨大进步，为机电一体化技术开辟了发展的广阔天地。这些研究，将促使机电一体化进一步建立完整的基础和逐渐形成完整的科学体系。我国是从20世纪80年代初才开始在这方面研究和应用。国务院成立了机电一体化领导小组并将该技术列为“863计划”中。在制定“九五”规划和2010年发展纲要时充分考虑了国际上关于机电一体化技术的发展动向和由此可能带来的影响。许多大专院校、研究机构及一些大中型企业对这一技术的发展及应用做了大量的工作，不取得了一定成果，但与日本等先进国家相比仍有相当差距。3机电一体化的发展趋势机电一体化是集机械、电子、光学、控制、计算机、信息等多学科的交叉综合，它的发展和进步依赖并促进相关技术的发展和进步。因此，机电一体化的主要发展方向如下：3.1智能化智能化是21世纪机电一体化技术发展的一个重要发展方向。人工智能在机电一体化建设者的研究日益得到重视，机器人与数控机床的智能化就是重要应用。这里所说的“智能化”是对机器行为的描述，是在控制理论的基础上，吸收人工智能、运筹学、计算机科学、模糊数学、心理学、生理学和混沌动力学等新思想、新方法，模拟人类智能，使它具有判断推理、逻辑思维、自主决策等能力，以求得到更高的控制目标。诚然，使机电一体化产品具有与人完全相同的智能，是不可能的，也是不必要的。但是，高性能、高速的微处理器使机电一体化产品赋有低级智能或人的部分智能，则是完全可能而又必要的。3.2模块化模块化是一项重要而艰巨的工程。由于机电一体化产品种类和生产厂家繁多，研制和开发具有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口、环境接口的机电一体化产品单元是一项十分复杂但又是非常重要的事。如研制集减速、智能调速、电机于一体的动力单元，具有视觉、图像处理、识别和测距等功能的控制单元，以及各种能完成典型操作的机械装置。这样，可利用标准单元迅速开发出新产品，同时也可以扩大生产规模。这需要制定各项标准，以便各部件、单元的匹配和接口。由于利益冲突，近期很难制定国际或国内这方面的标准，但可以通过组建一些大企业逐渐形成。显然，从电气产品的标准化、系列化带来的好处可以肯定，无论是对生产标准机电一体化单元的企业还是对生产机电一体化产品的企业，规模化将给机电一体化企业带来美好的前程。3.3网络化20世纪90年代，计算机技术等的突出成就是网络技术。网络技术的兴起和飞速发展给科学技术、工业生产、政治、军事、教育义举人么日常生活都带来了巨大的变革。各种网络将全球经济、生产连成一片，企业间的竞争也将全球化。机电一体化新产品一旦研制出来，只要其功能独到，质量可靠，很快就会畅销全球。由于网络的普及，基于网络的各种远程控制和监视技术方兴未艾，而远程控制的终端设备本身就是机电一体化产品。现场总线和局域网技术是家用电器网络化已成大势，利用家庭网络(home net)将各种家用电器连接成以计算机为中心的计算机集成家电系统(computer integrated appliance system, CIAS)，使人们在家里分享各种高技术带来的便利与快乐。因此，机电一体化产品无疑朝着网络化方向发展。3.4微型化微型化兴起于20世纪80年代末，指的是机电一体化向微型机器和微观领域发展的趋势。国外称其为微电子机械系统（MEMS），泛指几何尺寸不超过1cm3的机电一体化产品，并向微米、纳米级发展。微机电一体化产品体积小 、耗能少、运动灵活，在生物医疗、军事、信息等方面具有不可比拟的优势。微机电一体化发展的瓶颈在于微机械技术，微机电一体化产品的加工采用精细加工技术，即超精密技术，它包括光刻技术和蚀刻技术两类。3.5绿色化工业的发达给人们生活带来了巨大变化。一方面，物质丰富，生活舒适；另一方面，资源减少，生态环境受到严重污染。于是，人们呼吁保护环境资源，回归自然。绿色产品概念在这种呼声下应运而生，绿色化是时代的趋势。绿色产品在其设计、制造、使用和销毁的生命过程中，符合特定的环境保护和人类健康的要求，对生态环境无害或危害极少，资源利用率极高。设计绿色的机电一体化产品，具有远大的发展前途。机电一体化产品的绿色化主要是指，使用时不污染生态环境，报废后能回收利用。3.6系统化系统化的表现特征之一就是系统体系结构进一步采用开放式和模式化的总线结构。系统可以灵活组态，进行任意剪裁和组合，同时寻求实现多子系统协调控制和综合管理。表现之二是通信功能的大大加强，一般除RS232外，还有RS485、DCS人格化。未来的机电一体化更加注重产品与人的关系，机电一体化的人格化有两层含义。一层是，机电一体化产品的最终使用对象是人，如何赋予机电一体化产品人的智能、情感、人性显得越来越重要，特别是对家用机器人，其高层境界就是人机一体化。另一层是模仿生物机理，研制各种机电一体花产品。事实上，许多机电一体化产品都是受动物的启发研制出来的。4结语综上所述，机电一体化的出现不是孤立的，它是许多科学技术发展的结晶，是社会生产力发展到一定阶段的必然要求。当然，与机电一体化相关的技术还有很多，并且随着科学技术的发展，各种技术相互融合的趋势将越来越明显，机电一体化技术的广阔发展前景也将越来越光明。5参考文献1. 李建勇机电一体化技术 北京：科学出版社，20042. 李运华机电控制 北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，20033. 高钟毓机电控制工程北京：清华大学出版社，20024. 刘助柏知识创新思维方法论北京：机械工业出版社，1999Analysis of the Electrical and Mechanical Technology integration of the status and development trendAbstract Electromechanical integration of modern science and technology development is the inevitable result of the Electrical and Mechanical This paper briefly outline the basic technology integration and development background. Reviewed the technical integration of the status of the Electrical and Mechanical, electrical and mechanical integration of technology trends. Keywords Status electromechanical integration technology products manufacturing technology development trends 0. Introduction Modern scientific and technological development has greatly accelerated the different disciplines of infiltration and cross-cutting, leading to the area of the project and the transformation of the technological revolution. In the field of mechanical engineering, microelectronics and computer technology and the rapid development of the machinery industry formed by the infiltration of the mechanical and electrical integration, so that the technical structure of industrial machinery, products, functions and composition, mode of production and management system has undergone tremendous changes in the industrial production by the machinery electrified has entered a mechatronics characteristics of the development stage. 1. Summary of electromechanical integration Mechanical and electrical integration refers to agencies winner function, dynamic function, information processing and control functions, the introduction of the electronic technology, mechanical devices and electronic design and software combined with the constraints of the system collectively. So far, the development of electromechanical integration has become a system with a new type of self-discipline, not only with the development of science and technology, will be given new content. But the basic characteristics can be summarized as: mechanical and electrical integration system from the point of view of the integrated use of machinery technology, micro-electronics technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, information technology, sensor monitoring and control technology, power electronics technology, interface technology, Transform information technology and software programming technology, and other groups, according to target and optimize system functions organizational goals, and the layout of the rational allocation of functional modules, in the multi-functional, high quality, high reliability, low power consumption in the sense of achieving specific functional value, and the optimization of the entire system of systems engineering technology. The resulting system function, as a mechanical and electrical or mechanical-electrical integration systems integration products. Therefore, the mechatronics covered technical and product two aspects. Only, electromechanical integration technology is based on the technical groups of a comprehensive organic integration of technology, rather than mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, as well as other new technologies simple combination of patchwork. This is the integration of mechanical and electrical machinery and electrical and mechanical electrification formed by the concept of the fundamental differences. Mechanical engineering technology purely technical development to the electrification machinery, it is still traditional mechanical, and its main function is still to replace and enlarge the manual. However, the development of the mechanical and electrical integration, which in addition to the microelectronics devices may replace some mechanical components of the original features, but also to many new features, such as automatic detection, automatic processing of information, automatically records, automatic adjustment and control automatic diagnosis and protection. That the integration of mechanical and electrical products is not only the extension of the hands and limbs, or peoples minds and the eyes of the senses, with the characteristics of intelligent integration of mechanical and electrical and mechanical function of electrification in the essential difference between. 2. The development of mechanical and electrical integration Mechatronics development can be roughly divided into three stages. 20 in the 1960s before the first stage, called the primary stage of this phase. During this period, people consciously or unconsciously use of electronic technology to perfect the preliminary results of the performance of mechanical products. Especially during the Second World War, a war to stimulate the machinery and electronic technologies, the combination of mechanical and electrical military technology to civilian use after the war, the post-war economic recovery has played a positive role. At that time, research and development Judging from the overall situation is still in their own state. Since then the development of electronic technology has not yet reached a certain level, mechanical technology and the integration of electronic technology is still impossible to extensive and in-depth development, and has developed a large number of products can promote. 20th Century 70 80 for the second stage, known as the flourishing development stage. During this period, computer technology, control technology, communications technology development, and mechanical and electrical integration for the development of the technical basis. Large-scale, ultra-large-scale integrated circuits and the rapid development of micro-computer, mechanical and electrical integration for the development of an adequate material basis. This period is characterized by: mechatronics first word was generally accepted in Japan, about the 20th century to the late 1980s in the world a more widely recognized; electromechanical integration technologies and products has been greatly development; countries have begun on the mechanical and electrical integration technologies and products give great attention and support. The late 1990s, and began electromechanical integration technology to intelligent direction of a new stage of in-depth development of mechanical and electrical integration into the period. On the one hand, optical, communication technology into the mechanical and electrical integration, micro-machining technology is the first electromechanical integration Zhanlu feet, there has been the integration of optical and electrical machinery and MEMS integration of new branches; on the other hand on the mechanical-electrical integration system Modeling design, analysis and integration, mechanical and electrical integration system of academic disciplines and development trends have carried out in-depth research. At the same time, artificial intelligence, neural network technology and fiber optic technology, and other fields of the tremendous progress, electromechanical integration technology has opened up a vast world of development. These studies will lead to further establish a complete electromechanical integration and gradually formed the basis of complete scientific system. China is moving from the 20th century began in the early 1980s in this study and application. State Council set up a leading group and electromechanical integration of the technology as the 863 Program. In the development of Ninth Five-Year plan and outline for the development of 2010 to take full account of the international community on the development of mechanical and electrical integration technology trends and the potential impact of this. Many universities, research institutions and some large and medium-sized enterprises on the development and application of the technology to do a lot of work, has achieved positive results, but compared to advanced countries such as Japan are still a considerable gap between. 3. Trends in the development of mechanical and electrical integration Electromechanical integration, is a mechanical, electronic, optical, control, computer, information, and other cross-integrated multidisciplinary, it dependent on the progress and development of relevant technologies and promote the development and progress. Therefore, electromechanical integration of major development are as follows: Intelligent 3.1 Intelligent electromechanical integration of the 21st century technological development an important development direction. Builders in electromechanical integration of artificial intelligence research is receiving increasing attention, the robot and CNC machine tool is an important application of the intelligent. Here the word intelligent is a description of the machine is in control theory on the basis of absorption artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, fuzzy mathematics, psychology, physiology and chaotic dynamics, such as new ideas, new methods , the simulation of human intelligence, it is judged reasoning, logical thinking, and independent decision-making ability, in order to get more control objectives. Indeed, the integration of mechanical and electrical products are the same person and a smart, it is impossible, and it is unnecessary. However, high-performance, high-speed microprocessors to electromechanical integration products endowed with the lower part of the smart or intelligent, it is entirely possible and necessary. Modular 3.2 Modularity is an important and difficult project. As electromechanical integration products and manufacturers wide variety of research and development with a standard interface mechanical, electrical interface, dynamic interface, the interface environment electromechanical integration products unit is a very complex but is a very important thing. If developed Set slowdown, intelligent governor, the electrical power unit was integrated with vision, image processing, identification and location of the functions of the control unit, as well as to complete the typical operation of mechanical devices. This can make use of standard cell rapidly develop new products, but can also expand the scale of production. This requires the formulation of standards for the various components, modules and interfaces match. Because of conflict of interest, the recent difficult for international or domestic standards in this area, but through the creation of some large enterprises gradually taking shape. Clearly, from the standardization of electrical products, the benefits of serialization can be sure, whether it is standard electromechanical integration of production units of production enterprises or enterprises electromechanical integration products, mechanical and electrical integration of large-scale enterprises will bring better prospects. 3.3 Network In the 1990s, computer technology, the outstanding achievements networking technology. And the rise of network technology to the rapid development of science and technology, industrial production, political, military, educational Daily Mody daily lives who have brought tremendous changes. Various networks will be the global economy, even as a production, competition between enterprises in the globalization. Electromechanical integration of new products once developed, as long as its unique features, reliable quality, will soon be sold worldwide. As the popularity of the network, network-based remote control and monitoring of various technical ascendant, and the remote control device itself is electromechanical integration products. Fieldbus and LAN technology has become the general trend of household appliances network, using a home network (home net) will be all kinds of home appliances to connect into the computer as the center of computer integrated appliance system (computer integrated appliance system, CIAS), and let people high-tech home sharing of the convenience and happiness. Therefore, electromechanical integration products will undoubtedly develop in the direction toward the network. 3.4 miniaturization Miniaturization of the rise in the late 1980s, refers to the integration of micro-electromechanical machines and the trend of development of micro-areas. Abroad called MEMS (MEMS), refers to the geometric size of not more than 1 cm3 electromechanical integration products, and micron, nanometer development. Micro-electro-mechanical integration products are small, less energy consumption, exercise flexibility in the biological medical, military, and information, has unparalleled advantages. Micro-electro-mechanical integration is the bottleneck of the development of micro-mechanical technology, micro-electromechanical integration products processing using sophisticated processing techniques, namely the ultra-sophisticated technology, including lithography and etching two. Green 3.5 Industry developed for the peoples living brought tremendous changes. On the one hand, rich material life comfortable on the other hand, fewer resources, the ecological environment is seriously contaminated. So, people called for the protection of environment and resources, and return to nature. This concept of green products in the voice of the right moment, green is the trend of the times. Green products in its design, manufacture, use and destruction of the life process, to meet specific environmental protection and human health requirements, sound or endanger the ecological environment is very small, high resource utilization. Design green electromechanical integration products, have a vision of the future of the development. Electromechanical integration of green products mainly refer to, the use of time is not pollute the ecological environment, s