七年级英语下册 教师辅导讲义 可数名词与不可数名词名词所有格 牛津版

1、可数名词与不可数名词，名词所有格教学内容名词的数名词可数于不可数及单复数形式的拼写一、 名词的分类 名词类 别意 义例 词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country集合 名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water, ice, pork,

2、cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun, health, happiness, courage, love, care注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。如Beijing University2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。如 the Great Wall3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且意思上也有了变化。eg. beer -a beer 一杯啤酒， work- a work 工厂，著作，glass-a glass 一个玻璃杯， ro

3、om空间-a room一个房间二、 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读 音例 词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以辅音字母+y结尾的

4、单词去y 变i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe结尾的单词去f或fe 变v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 1）child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth mouse-miceman-men woman-women 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowman

5、s。 2）单复同形如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如：staff peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a staff a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the Eng

6、lish，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是19

7、45年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：men workerswomen teachers3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods t

8、rain (货车) clothes brush衣刷4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如：two-dozen eggs两打/（二十四个鸡蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan一个五年计划5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，

9、waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物- foods 各种食物，time 时间 - times 时代，green 绿色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物 eg. hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of

10、tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, 名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用of, 表示 “的”。在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有或所属关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加s。 my fathers study 我父亲的书房a. 以s或es结尾的名词的所有格只在名词后加“ ”。the teachers reading room 教员阅览室b. 不以

11、s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加 s。the womens dressc. 如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加s 。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加s。Jane and Helens room 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有） Bills and Toms radios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）f. 有些指时间，距离，国家，城镇的无生命名词也可加 s 表示所有格。 half an hours class 半个小时的课 Chinas industry 中国的工业 twenty minutes walk 二十分钟的路程 Burns poems 彭斯的2） 表示无生命东西的名词一般

12、与of构成词组，表示所有关系。 the cover of the book 书的封面 the contents of the story故事的内容3） 指有生命的名词有时也可以用of词组表示所有格。 a. 如果名词较长。the story of Dr. Norman Bethune 白求恩的故事 b. 如果名词的定语较长，就只能用of词组来表示所有关系。 Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate? 你知道站在大门旁的那个男孩的名字吗？4）“of+ 词组+所有格 ”（双重所有格）的用法：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指

13、示代词（如: a, two, some, this, that, these,those等）时，常用“of+ 词组+所有格 ”的形式来表示所有关系。 a friend of my fathers = ( one of my fathers friends) 我父亲的一个朋友 a picture of his uncles 他叔叔的一张照片 （他叔叔所有照片中的一张，但不一定是他本人的照片。试比较：a picture of his uncle 他叔叔本人的一张照片。） that novel of her little brothers 她弟弟的那本小说 ( )1.-Excuse me，where

14、 can I exchange _? -There is a bank on the second floor. A.books B.food C.money D.stamps（ ）2- I hear you run for half an hour every day. -Right,we have to. It is one of the _in our school. A.rules B.plans C.hobbies D.choices（ ）3.At night，we can see colorful lights on both_of the streets. A.sides B.s

15、ide C.sides（ ）4.-How many _can you see the picture? -Only one. A.dog B.sheep C.child（ ）5.Bob hurt his_yesterday，he cant walk now. A.hand B.leg C.arm（ ）1.June 1st is _Day,All the children enjoy it very much. A.Children B.Childrens C.Children s D.Child（ ）2.-How far is your family from here ? -Its abou

16、t ten _walk. A.minutes B.minute C.minutes D.minutes（ ）3.I dont think looking after children is just_work. A.woman B.womans C.women D.womens（ ）4._mothers cant go to the meeting,because they have gone to New York on business.A. Alice and Lilys B.Alices and Lilys C.Alices and Lily（ ）5.-How far is it fr

17、om here to the hospital? -Its about _ride. A.twenty minute B.twenty minutes C.twenty minutes D.twenty-minutes1. The old man used to raise many _ to make a living on the farm.A. duck B.horse C.bird D. sheep2. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest bus stop? Go down this road. Its about_ walkA. five

18、minutes B. five minutes C. five-minutes3. There isnt any _in the fridge. We need to go shopping.A. orangesB. milkC. eggs4. - I have great _ in learning math and Im so worried. Could you help me? - Sure. Id be glad to. A. trouble B. interest C. joy D. fun5. He has poor _, so he cant see the words on

19、the blackboard clearly. A. smell B. taste C. hearing D. eyesight6. Cici enjoys dancing. Its one of her .A. prize B. prizes C. hobby D. hobbies 7. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there _ a lot of useful _ on the websites. A. are; informations B. are; information C. is; information

20、D. is; information8. “I want my leg! I want to run! I want to jump! a _ girl cried in the hospital in Libya(利比亚). A.5-year-old B. 5-years-olds C. 5 year old D. 5-year-old.9. Im so hungry. Please give me _ to eatA. three bread B three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breads D three piece of bread10.

21、 Tony has many Chinese _. A. stamp B. stamps C. a stamp11. The_ of most trees will fall in autumn.A leaf B. leafs C .leaves12. How many teachers are there in your school? them over two hundred. A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; is C. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; a

22、re13. Could you please tell me something about the two_ ? _. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Frenchmans; Come on C. Germen; Not at all D. Germans; All right14. Did you hear any strange _when the quake happened? No, I was in my garden with my flowers and

23、 was enjoying the beautiful _of my birds at that time.A. voice; noise B. noise; sound C. whisper; sound D. sound; voice 15. Whats in the icebox? -A few _, but little _. A. apple, milk B.apple, milks C.apples, milks D.apples, milk16. Yao Ming is very popular among teenagers. Yes. Many middle school s

24、tudents are his _. A. heroesB. starsC. fansD. brothers17. Today, we have many other _ to pay besides coins or paper money. A. excusesB. waysC. chancesD. plans18. _ is the most important festival in China. A. Christmas B. Spring Festival C. Mid-autumn Day D. National Day19. - I hear you are not allow

25、ed to eat in class. -Right. Its one of the in our school. A. plans B. orders C. rules D. suggestions20. Whats your favorite _? Summer. Because I can swim in rivers. A. season B. subject C. music D. sport21.Did you visit Taipei International Flora Expo( 台北花博会)?Yes. It is the world of flowers. You can

26、 see many kinds of flowers in different_ red, pink, purple, yellow, black.A. sizes B. names C. shapes D. colors22. Would you like some_? Oh, yes, just a little. A. milk B. apple C. pears D. oranges23.Many people have got the habit of buying flowers for their mothers on _. A. Mothers Day B. the Mothers s Day C. the Mothers Day D. Mothers Day24. My clas