高中语法之冠词.ppt

1、冠词的用法,THE ARTICLE,冠词的用法：,冠词,定冠词,不定冠词,(Definite Article),(Indefinite Article),(Article),1.定冠词的基本用法,1）定冠词的特指用法,定冠词的特指用法通常都是确定的特指，比如 重提上文提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词：,I saw a girl and an old man in the house. The old man must be the girls grand-father.,2)在名词词组中，如果名词之后带有限制性定语或其前带有最高级形容词，要用定冠词：,Is this the train for S

2、hanghai?,The flowers in her garden smell fragrant.,Here is the letter to be posted.,This is the most interesting book I have ever read.,3)当讲到说话人和听话人都知道的人或物时，要用定冠词：,Im just back from the market.,Has the postman been here?,4)当名词前带有first, next, last, same, only 等表示独特含义的词语时，要用定冠词：,When is the next fligh

3、t to Beijing.,He is always the first to come and the last to leave.,This is the only copy I have ever collected.,2.定冠词的类指用法,1）用“定冠词+单数名词” 可泛指同一类的人和物：,The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of mammals.,The book is used for the teacher, not for the student.,2)“用定冠+表示国籍的形容 词”可泛指整个民族或国人。,The Ch

4、inese are a great, hardworking, and bravery people.,3.定冠词的其他用法,1）在表示某些独一无二的事物时，要用定冠词：,the sun, the moon, the earth, the northern pole, the equator,2）在表示海洋，江河，湖泊，群岛，山脉，沙漠，海峡等的专有名词前，要用定冠词 。,The Sahara, the Atlantic, the Changjiang river,3)在乐器名称前，要用定冠词,Tom played the piano and I played the violin.,4)在表

5、示某一家人的专有名词前，要用定冠词。,The Browns have arrived.,5)用在人体部位名词前。 He seized me by the arm.,(hit/strike/beat) + sb. +in /on + the +部位 I hit Tom on the nose / shoulder /head. He struck the thief in the eyes / face.,(pull/seize/lead/catch) + sb. + by + the + 部位 She led the cow by the nose. I seized her by the h

6、and/hair.,2.不定冠词(a, an)的基本用法,1）不定冠词的类指用法,不定冠词与单数名词搭配可泛指一类的任何物，即指同类的人或物中的任何一个。,A car must be insured. A horse is a useful animal.,2)不定冠词的指量用法,不定冠词在下列结构中有“一个”的含义，属于指量用法：,I will be back in a day or two.,3.零冠词的用法,“零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词”可用于非确定特指。,There are people waiting to come in.,He brought us information ab

7、out the accident.,Pencils, pens, and pieces of paper were spread all over the table.,*零冠词也可与表示家庭成员的单数名词搭配作确定特指。,Mary asked “Why is Father out of work?,*在表示餐食，交通工具 ，通讯工具的名词之前，通常用零冠词。,After lunch I usually take a nap.,I usually travel by train, not by air,He sent the message not by post, but by radio.

8、,*在表示四季，年月，周日，时间的名词之前，通常用零冠词。,Spring has come around again.,On Sunday I usually take my children to the park.,In February, it is already very warm in Hainan.,He worked by day and studied by night.,*零冠词还用于以下场合：,go to school, go to hospital, go to work, go to church, go to town, play football, play br

9、idge, play chess, in hospital, at work, in prison, in town , in bed, in danger of, on board,学科，球类和棋类名词前不用冠词。 Do you have Chinese? I like playing basketball/chess.,有无a/an和the的差异,1. in front of 在（外）的前面 in the front of 在（内）的前面 Theres a garden in front of the classroom. Theres a blackboard in the front

10、of the classroom. 2. in charge of 掌管；负责 in the charge of 在负责之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project. The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.,3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时 at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table. They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 4. by day 白天；日间 by the

11、day 按日计 He works in an office by day. Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.,5. in words 用言语 in a word 总之 Please express your thought in words. In a word, I dont trust you. 6. a most interesting 非常有趣的 the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级） This is a most interesting story. This is the most in

12、teresting story of the three.,7. a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士 A doctor and nurse is standing there. A doctor and a nurse are standing there. 8. a number of 许多；好些 the number of （的）数目 A number of students are in the classroom. The number of students in the classroom is for

13、ty.,特殊用法 （考试重点）,1.三餐饭前有形容词修饰时可接a/an。 We just had a big supper. 我们刚刚吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。,2.季节，月份若有定语修饰，要加“the”。 The story happed in the spring of 1945.故事发生在1945年的春天。,3.在不可数名词前加a/an 表“一阵”，“一场”，“一种”等。 Physics is a science. 物理是一门科学。 A knock of the door was heard. 听到一阵敲门声。 a strong wind （一阵大风） a slight rain （一场小雨）,4. 某些抽象名词前加 a/an 表“一件具体的事”。 What a pleasant surprise it is! 这是一件多么令人惊呀的事！ The meeting is a failure.,5.上下文中出现同一名词，但各有所指 ，名词前都用a/an。 -Have you seen a cat? -Is it a black one?,6.在序数词加a/an 表”又