定语从句(1)zfx.ppt

1、1. 定语和定语从句的基本认识,The Attributive Clauses,Topic 1 What is an attribute?,定语是什么？ 定语：就是为了丰富思想，丰富语言表达的手段，而在名词、代词前或后起修饰或限制作用的语言结构。根据定语的位置特征，定语可分为前置定语和后置定语两种。,Topic 2 前置定语,book (书),a book (一本书),this book (这本书),my book (我的书),an English book (一本英语书),an interesting English book (一本有趣的英语书),Topic 3 后置定语,book （书）

2、,a book on medicine (一本关于医学的书),a book on medicine, written by Li Shizhen (李时珍编写的关于 医学的书),a book on medicine, being printed at present (现在正在印刷的一本关于医学的书),a book on medicine, to be published next month (下个月即将出版的一本关于医学的书),Topic 4 The Attributive Clauses,用一个从句在句中充当后置定语的语言 单位就是定语从句。定语从句的使用，更 进一步地提高了语言表达的能

3、力，它能使 枯燥的语言变得丰富多彩。根据定语从句 的功能特征，定语从句可以分为限制性定 语从句和非限制性定语从句两种, 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号“，”。,4-1. 什么是定语从句,Guessing Game,1.He is a singer. He has small eyes. He won the best male singer twice. He is popular in Asia. He played a role in the Green Hornet (青蜂侠）last year.,Who is he?,Jay Chou,Guessing Game,Jay Cho

4、u, a popular singer in Asia, with small eyes, who won the best male singer twice， played a role in the Green Hornet (青蜂侠）last year.,Who is he?,What is it?,It is a movie. It is based on a true tragedy (悲剧性的) story. It talks about two lovers. It was very popular in 1997. Its actor also played a leadin

5、g character in the film Inception(盗梦空间). Its topic is about a ship sinking after hitting an iceberg.,What is it?,The movie Titanic, based on a true tragedy (悲剧性的) story, talking about two lovers, whose topic is about a ship sinking after hitting an iceberg, was very popular in 1997. Its actor also p

6、layed a leading character in the film Inception (盗梦空间).,Practice,Join the following sentences by means of the attributive clauses:,The classic movie,Titanic is a touching movie. Its theme song is very famous.,= Titanic is a touching movie _theme song is very famous.,whose,= Titanic is a beautiful sh

7、ip _ sank after hitting an iceberg.,Titanic is a beautiful ship. It sank after hitting an iceberg.,which /that,Jack is a handsome man . He is poor.,= Jack is a handsome man _ is poor.,who / that,Rose is a beautiful woman. She was born in a rich family.,= Rose is a beautiful woman _ was born in a ric

8、h family.,who/that,-Who is Rose talking with? - Jack.,Jack is the person _ Rose is talking with. = Jack is the person with _ Rose is talking.,whom,(whom/who/that),Jack and Rose are the lovers. They met on the ship for the first time. Their love story will go on forever!,= The lovers, Jack and Rose,

9、_ love story will go on forever, met on the ship for the first time.,whose,She is a popular star. Her ex-husband is Xie Tingfeng.,She is a popular star _ ex-husband is Xie Tingfeng.,whose,It is a poor dog _ heart is broken.,whose,Which baby is Jack?,穿红裤子的baby是Jack。,The baby is Jack.,whose trousers a

10、re red,Jack,Which house is mine?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,The house is mine.,whose roof is brown,My house,This is the book.,The books cover is blue.,This is the book _ cover is blue.,whose,whose引导定语从句,1. Titanic is a touching movie whose theme song is very famous. 2. It is a poor dog whose heart is broken. 3.Zh

11、ang Bozhi is a popular star whose ex-husband is Xie Tingfeng. 4. Obama is American president whose skin is black.,whose 既可以指人也可以指物，表“所属”关系; whose=先行词的所有格,4-2. 定语从句的先行词,先行词：就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，有时候非限制性定语从句所修饰的先行词是整个上文或下文所表达的语意。,4-3. 定语从句的引导词,引导词：是指位于先行词与定语从句之间的连接词。 引导词分为关系代词和关系副词，常用的关系代词有 that, which, who

12、, whom, whose, as; 常用的关系副词有when, where, why。,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定语从句,先行词,引导词(关联词/连接词),4.1 定语从句的基本结构:,结构：先行词+引导词+定语从句,4-4. 观察与总结,2. 定语从句关系代词的用法,The Attributive Clauses,1-1. Titanic is a movie which/that was very popular in 1997. 1-2. Titanic is a movie, which was very p

13、opular in 1997.,4.5 关系代词的基本用法:,句1-1：表物的先行词movie 在其后的限制性定语从句中作主语，关系代词用which / that, 但不可省略。 句1-2：表物的先行词movie 在其后的非限制性定语从句中作主语，关系代词只用which , 不可省略。,2-1. Rose is a beautiful woman who/that was born in a rich family. 2-2. Rose is a beautiful woman，who was born in a rich family.,句2-1：表人的先行词woman 在其后的限制性定语从

14、句中作主语，关系代词用who / that, 但不可省略。 句2-2：表人的先行词woman 在其后的非限制性定语从句中作主语，关系代词只用who , 不可省略。,3-1. Jack is the person (whom/who/that) Rose is talking with. 3-2. Jack is the person, whom/who Rose is talking with.,句3-1：表人的先行词person 在其后的限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词用whom/who / that, 还可以省略。 句3-2：表人的先行词person 在其后的非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系

15、代词只用whom / who , 不可省略。,4-1.This is the farm (that/which) we visited last month. 4-2.This is the farm, which we visited last month.,句4-1：表物的先行词farm 在其后的限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词用which / that, 还可以省略。 句4-2：表物的先行词farm 在其后的非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词只用which , 不可省略。,5-1.It is a poor dog whose heart is broken. 5-2.It is a po

16、or dog, whose heart is broken. 5-3.It is the company whose president is British. 5-4.It is the company, whose president is British.,句5-1/2：表动物的先行词dog 在其后的限制性或非限制性定语从句中作定语，关系代词用whose, 不可省略。 句5-3/4：表物的先行词company 在其后的限制性或非限制性定语从句中作定语，关系代词只用whose , 不可省略。,6-1.He is such a good teacher as is respected by

17、all his students. 6-2.He is such a good teacher, as is respected by all his students.,句6-1/2：表人的先行词teacher由于受到such的修饰， 在其后的限制性或非限制性定语从句中作主语，关系代词只用as, 不可省略。,6-3.He is so good a teacher as is respected by all his students. 6-4.He is so good a teacher, as is respected by all his students.,句6-3/4：表人的先行词

18、teacher由于受到so的修饰， 在其后的限制性或非限制性定语从句中作主语，关系代词只用as, 不可省略。,6-5.This is the same dictionary as I bought last weekend. 6-6.This is the same dictionary, as I bought last weekend.,句6-5/6：表物的先行词dictionary由于受到the same的修饰， 在其后的限制性或非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词只用as, 不可省略。,6-7. China is a developing socialist country, as is

19、 known to all. 6-8. China, as is known to all, is a developing socialist country. 6-9. As is known to all, China is a developing socialist country.,句6-7/8/9：先行词是China is a developing socialist country 表达的整个语意，即“中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家”， 其后的关系代词as代替先行词在非限制性定语从句内部用作主语, 此时通常译为“正如那样” ，不可省略。As引导的这种定语从句的位置非常灵活，可置

20、于句首、句中或句末。,4.6 关系代词 that与which 的比较,1-1 I dont agree with everything _ he suggested at the meeting. 1-2 I dont agree with everything, _ he suggested at the meeting. A. which B. that,A,B,1-1句中表物的先行词everything 在其后的限制性定语从句中作及物动词suggested的宾语，且everything 是不定代词，所以只用that。 1-2句中的先行词仍是everything, 但其后是非限制性定语从句

21、，所以只能用which。,2-1 Of the three movies, Titanic is the most touching (one), _ Ive ever seen before. 2-2 Of the three movies, Titanic is the most touching (one) _ Ive ever seen before. A. which B. that,A,B,2-1句中表物的先行词one受到最高级的修饰，且在其后的非限制性定语从句中作及物动词seen的宾语，所以只用which。 2-2中表物的先行词one受到最高级的修饰，且在其后的限制性定语从句中作

22、及物动词seen的宾语，所以只用that。,2-3Abraham Lincoln is one of the greatest American presidents, _ I admire most. 2-4 Abraham Lincoln is one of the greatest American presidents_ I admire most. A. which B. that C. who D. whom,2-3表人的先行词presidents受到最高级的修饰，且在其后的非限制性定语从句中作及物动词admire的宾语，所以只用who。 2-4表人的先行词presidents受到

23、最高级的修饰，且在其后的限制性定语从句中作及物动词admire的宾语，所以可用(that/who/whom)。,C,B/C/D,3-1 This is the first interesting novel _ Ive ever read. 3-2 This is the first interesting novel, _ Ive ever read. A. which B. that,3-1表物的先行词novel受到序数词的修饰，且在其后的限制性定语从句中作及物动词read的宾语，所以只用that。 3-2 表物的先行词novel受到最高级的修饰，且在其后的非限制性定语从句中作及物动词re

24、ad的宾语，所以只用which。,B,A,4-1 Rose is the first young lady _ Jack falls in love with at first sight. 4-2 Rose is the first young lady, _ Jack falls in love with at first sight. 4-3 Rose is the first young lady with _ Jack falls in love at first sight. A. which B. that C. who D. whom,4-1 表人先行词lady受到序数词修饰并

25、在其后限制性定语从句中作宾语，可以BCD。 4-2 表人的lady在非限制性定语从句作宾语，可用CD。 4-3表人的lady在其后限制性定语从句中作宾语且介词with前置，只用D。,B/C/D,D,C/D,5-1 This is the only way _ I can think of to solve the problem. 5-2 This is the only way, _ I can think of, to solve the problem. A. which B. that C. in which D. /,5-1 先行词 way 受到the only的修饰且在其后的限制性

26、定语从句中作think of的宾语，可用BD。 5-2先行词 way 受到the only的修饰且在其后的非限制性定语从句中作think of的宾语，只可用A。,B/D,A,5-3 Mary is the only lady _ John would like to marry. 5-4 Mary is the only lady, _ John would like to marry. A. which B. that C. who D. whom,5-3 先行词 lady 受到the only的修饰但在其后的限制性定语从句中作marry的宾语，可用BCD。 5-4先行词 lady 受到th

27、e only的修饰但在其后的非限制性定语从句中作marry的宾语，可用CD。,BCD,CD,6-1 Do you know the things and persons _ theyre talking about? 6-2 Which is the bike _ you lost? 6-3 Who is the person _ the teacher is referring to? A. which B. that,6-1先行词the things and persons 既表物又表人，且在其后的限制性定语从句中作宾语，只用that。 6-2/3主句是由which/who引起的特殊疑问句，为了避免用词重复，常用that;,B,B,B,7-1 She is no longer the person _ she used to be. 7-2 Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she