Unit 4 Problems and advice——句子成分与基本句型.ppt

1、Module 2 Ideas and viewpoints,Unit 4 Problems and advice,句子成分,定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语。,Grammar,一、主语,主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_ 。,1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school

2、is great fun.,句首,1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired.,二、谓语,谓语：说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由 _ 充当。动词常分为实义动词，连系动词，情态动词和助动词。,动词,情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。,They can speak English well. They are playing over there.,1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词 He is

3、a teacher. 2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。,系动词,3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This flower smells very sweet.,5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, gro

4、w, turn, fall, get, go, come He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。,三、宾语,宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或_后面。,1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there. 3.He is looking at the dog.,双宾语：指人的

5、是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.,及物动词,介词,表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句，用来说明主语的身份，特征，状态。,The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful .,四、表语,定语：用来修饰_。,This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. L

6、i. Every student has an English book.,五、定语,名词,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,六、状语,John often came to chat with me ( ) As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. ( ) She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( ) My father worked in this school ten years ago. ( ) Though h

7、e is young, he knows a lot.( ) He came running.( ),程度，目的,地点，伴随,地点，时间,让步,方式,原因,补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。,七、补语,Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补） He is called Jack.（主补）,同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明 The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.,八、同位语,一、主语 主语可以

8、用下面这些东西表示： 1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ） 3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( ) 8. What he needs is a book. （ ） 9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall l

9、ike a tree. （ ）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语,当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。,什么情况下用it作形式主语？,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？ 1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will com

10、e. ( ),说谎是错误的。,争吵是没用的。,谁要来还不确定。,二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1.She lived a happy life.( ) 2.I love you.( ) 3.We need two.( ) 4.Do you mind my opening the door?( ) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.( ) 6.He did not know what to say.( ) 7.Did you write down what she said? ( ) 8. She felt it her duty to ta

11、ke good care of them. ( ),名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语,二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What

12、surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( ),名词,代词,数词,从句,形容词/副词,介词短语,分词,三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示： Its a red car.( ) They live in the room above.( ) My brother is a teacher.( ) We belong to the third world.( ) Lucys father is a poor worker.( ) Mother made a birthday cake for me.( ) The man under

13、 the tree is my teacher.( ) The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( ),形容词,副词,代词,数词,名词所有格,名词,介词短语,现在分词,三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示： I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( ) There are two things to be discussed today.（ ） Will you t

14、ell us about your teaching plan?（ ） This is the very book that I need. （ ）,过去分词,不定式,动名词,从句,四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示： He is often late for class.( ) We saw that picture at the cinema.( ) He sat there smoking.( ) They returned tired and hungry. （ ） They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ） A

15、lthough he is young, he knows a lot. ( ) The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( ),副词，程度,介词短语，地点,分词，伴随,不定式，目的,形容词，状态,让步状语从句,结果状语从句,四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ） He was angry because we were late( ） If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ),时间状语

16、从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,五、宾语补足语： I consider Jim a good friend.( ) I always find her happy.( ) People praised him as a hero.( ) I had the TV fixed.( ) I saw him entering the building.( ) What made you think so?( ) Do you want me to go?( ),形容词,名词,介词短语,过去分词,现在分词,省略掉to的不定式,不定式,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句

17、 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),简单句的 五种基本句型,英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： （主谓） 基本句型二：（主系表） 基本句型三： （主谓宾） 基本句型四： （主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： （主谓宾宾补）,基本句型一 主谓 （S + V）,S + V She cooks. He is working. What he said does not matter. The pen writes smoothly.,基本句型二 主系表,S+V+P He is happy. Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.,基本句型三 主谓宾,S+V+O We study English everyday. They are playing football. He enjoys reading. She said “Good morning.”,基本句型四,