笔译基础二第八讲.ppt

1、第八讲 汉语四字词组的英译,李国玉 2014,分类,固定词组（成语）：瓮中之鳖、扬眉吐气、 一针见血、冷若冰霜、山穷水尽、格格不入 自由词组：品种齐全、质地优良、色泽鲜明、欢迎光临、国有资产、思想深沉、性格坚强,四字词组的修辞效果,言简意赅 形象生动 朗朗上口,一、四字成语的英译,四字成语是人们长期社会文化生活的积累，是一种约定俗称的语言形式。四字成语的语言符号意义与语用意义并非总是统一的，翻译是要注意区别，尽量做到在最大程度上保留形式与内容的统一，但不能统一时，应该优先考虑其语用效果。,1. 直译,如鱼得水 临阵磨枪 猫哭老鼠 对牛弹琴 雨后春笋,to feel like fish in w

2、ater to sharpen ones spear only before going to battle The cat weeps over the mouse. to play the harp to a bull. like bamboo shoots after a spring shower.,所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且处在膏粱锦绣之中，竟如“槁木死灰”一般，一概不问。 红楼梦 So this young widow living in the lap of luxury was no better off than withered wood or cold ashes, tak

3、ing no interest in the outside world.,2. 套用相似的英语习语,以牙还牙 隔墙有耳 一文不名 绞尽脑汁 针锋相对 千钧一发 浑水摸鱼 空中楼阁 乳臭未干 赴汤蹈火,a tooth for a tooth walls have ears without a penny to ones name to rack ones brains give tit for tat hung by a thread to fish in troubled water castles in the air be wet behind the ears to go throug

4、h fire and water,学生们三三两两地坐在教室里。 The students took their seats in the classroom by twos and threes. 不要斤斤计较。 Do not haggle over every ounce.,3. 意译成意思相同的英语习语,徒劳无益 小题大做 直截了当 水中捞月 掌上明珠 害群之马,to hold a candle to the sun to make much ado about nothing without further ado to fish in the air the apple of ones

5、 eye a black sheep,她经常在邻里之间搬弄是非。 She often tells tales among the neighbors. 只有破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，也许还有翻身的一天。 All you can do is burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day youll come out on top.,4. 意译,明火执仗 快马加鞭 牵肠挂肚 五光十色 单枪匹马 立竿见影 鸡毛蒜皮 顺手牵羊,to do evil things openly to speed up to be full of anxiety

6、 and worry multicolored all by oneself to get instant results Trifles to walk off with,他们为敌人效尽犬马之劳。 They worked faithfully in the service of the enemies. 敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. 那个小伙子有点愣头愣脑的。 The young fellow is somewhat rash.,我的事现在搞得满城风雨，人尽皆知了。 Ther

7、e had been too much publicity about my case. 他虽然还小，但对将来要从事的事业已经是胸有成竹了。 Young as he is, he has had a well-thought plan about his future career. 方案一公布，大伙儿就七嘴八舌议论开了。 The publication of the draft touched off a lively discussion with everyone eager to put in a word.,5. 直译&意译,竭泽而渔 to drain a pond to catch

8、 all the fish kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 打草惊蛇 to stir up the grass and alert the snake wake a sleeping dog 易如反掌 to be easy as turning over ones hand as easy as falling off a log 掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm the apple of ones eye,二、四字排比结构的英译,在中国一提到孔子，上至白发苍苍的老人，下至天真幼稚的顽童，无人不知、无人不晓。 Confucius

9、 is a so well-known in China that any Chinese, from old white-haired men to innocent and nave children, knows him. Confucius is a household name in China.,四字词组的语法关系,主谓：叶公好龙、图案新颖、工艺先进、才华出众 动宾：发展经济、解放思想、增进效益、孤注一掷 偏正：秀丽景色、合法权益、国家机关、认真对待 并列：改革开放、美丽大方、英俊潇洒、鸟语花香 动补：饱览无余、运转协调、搭配不当、合作顺利,1. 译成 adj.+n.结构,按照合理

10、布局、优化结构、突出重点的要求，加强宣传文化事业的基本建设。 Capital construction of publicity and cultural undertakings will be strengthened according to the principle of a rational distribution, an optimized structure and a priority order.,大峡弯的谷地山峦交错、峡谷相连、江水汹涌。 The valley of the Grand Bend is full of multi-peaked mountains, jo

11、ined canyons and turbulent waters.,我国政府原意在平等互利、相互开放、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。 The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asian nations on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and common progre

12、ss.,Exercise,江岸上彩楼林立，彩灯高悬，旌旗飘摇，呈现出一派喜气洋洋的节日场面。 High-rise buildings ornamented with colored lanterns and bright banners stand out along the river banks. 我厂生产的地毯图案新颖、 色调雅致、美丽大方、富丽堂皇。 The carpets made in our factory are beautiful and magnificent for their novel designs and elegant colors.,2. 译成 n./adj.

13、+in+n. 结构,由于这台仪器性能稳定、操作可靠、维修方便，因此受到用户的好评。 The instrument has been welcomed by the users because of its stability in service, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance. 这些女式衬衣系采用上等纯丝制成，价格公道，工艺精湛，设计独特。 These silk blouses are made of pure silk of best quality. They are moderate in price, e

14、xcellent in craftsmanship and unique in designs.,他是一个风度翩翩、脾气温和、性格坚强的年轻人。 He is a mild-tempered young man, elegant in demeanor and strong in will.,3. 译成 prop.+n. 结构,这里那里，螺号阵阵，渔歌声声；近近远远，红旗飘扬，白帆点点。好一派动人的渔乐图啊！ What an exciting scene of jubilance, with the fishermens conches trumpeting and their songs ri

15、nging here and there, and red flags fluttering and white sails dotting the sea far and near.,近代中国经历了一段积贫积弱、任人宰割的历史。 China experienced a period of enduring impoverishment and long-standing debility and was for a time at the mercy of other countries.,这里山花古松遮掩着悬崖峭壁，鸟语花香，生意盎然，一派秀丽景色。 Wild flowers and ol

16、d pines on the precipice, with birds singing among them, form a beautiful scene full of life and vitality. 亚洲幅员辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富，有着巨大的发展潜力。 Asia, the largest continent in the world, is a vast land with a huge population, abundant natural resources and enormous potential for development.,3. 译成名词性词组,大力培养爱岗

17、尽责、方便群众、优质服务的敬业精神。 We should vigorously foster the fine spirit, including dedication to work, and offering convenience and fine services to the masses. 防止个人专断和各自为政，反对有令不行、有禁不止。 We must prevent the tendency to make decisions arbitrarily and go their own way and oppose the defiance of orders and prohi

18、bitions.,4. 译成动词短语,我们必须解放思想、实事求是、扎实工作、开拓进取。 We should emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts and work hard and creatively. 务必要继续发扬艰苦奋斗的优良传统，提倡勤俭，崇尚节约，防止和纠正脱离经济发展水平的高消费。 It is imperative to carry on the fine tradition of hard work, encourage frugality, and prevent and check high consumption that

19、 outgrows economic development.,5. 变词为句,自此而下，江面宽阔，水流平缓。一叶轻舟，顺流而下，沿江景色，饱览无遗。 Down from here, the river becomes wide and calm. If you take a light skiff down the stream, you will drink in the beauty along the river. 大批仁人志士，满腔悲愤，万种辛酸，想有所为而不能为，真是英雄无用武之地。 So many men and women with high ideals, worried a

20、nd frustrated, wished to do something about it, only to find that, able as they were, they had no chance to carry out their ideals.,江中多滩，易阻行舟，然而急湍澎湃，惊涛轰鸣，气势磅礴。 There are many hidden shoals in the river, presenting a challenge to navigators. And the surges of the swift current and the roars of the te

21、rrifying waves achieve great momentum.,该厂生产的各种类型钻头均符合API标准，工艺先进、结构新颖、钢材优质、制造精细、质检严格，均已达到国内同类钻头的先进水平。 Bits of all types manufactured in the factory conform to the API standards. With novel design and fine workmanship, they are made of quality steel in advanced technology. All the products have passed

22、 strict quality test and reached in all respects the advanced level of the domestically-made bits of the kind.,四字结构的简化,本店货色齐全，花色多样，任凭挑选。 We have a good assortment of goods to choose from. 他决定洗心革面，脱胎换骨。 He is determined to turn over a new leaf. 她有沉鱼落雁，闭月羞花之貌。 Her beauty would put the flowers to shame

23、.,这支歌唱遍了神州大地，唱满了50年悠悠岁月，余音袅袅，一曲难忘。 This song has been sung all over China for 50 long years. The melody still lingers in the air. 今后十五年是承前启后、继往开来的重要时期。 The next fifteen years represents an extremely important period linking the past with the future.,在那里，古树摇曳春秋，山花自开自谢，植被茸茸生烟。 Aged trees wave the seasons by, amid carpets of wild flowers and thick green vegetation. 花园里面是人间的天堂，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。 The garden was a paradise on eart