中考英语专项复习动词及动词短语.ppt

1、第31讲动词及动词短语,【真题体验】 1The medicine _A_ awful.I cant stand it. I know，Jimmy.But its helpful for you.(2014，昆明) Atastes Beats Cdrinks Dtakes 2Could you please have a walk with me？(2014，泰安) Sorry，I _C_I have something important to do now. Amustnt Bneednt Ccant Dmay not,3Where are you going？(2014，台州) To th

2、e library.Ive finished reading this book，so Im going to _C_ it. Abuy Bthrow Creturn Dborrow 4Jim，you look sleepy.Whats wrong？(2014，随州) I _C_ to write a report last night. Alooked up Bended up Cstayed up Dtook up,5Look，someone left a book.(2014，菏泽) Oh，yeah.This book _B_ be Kittys.Only she likes to re

3、ad this kind of books. Acan Bmust Cmay Dmight 6I like the dress very much.It _A_ comfortable.(2014，聊城) Afeels Btastes Csounds Dsmells,【考点梳理】 动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。考查的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。 1第三人称单数形式的构成 一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。,不规则变化的有havehas等。,2现在分词的构成,3.过去式和过去分词的构成 规

4、则变化,不规则变化需单独记忆。,高频考点一实义动词词义辨析 实义动词能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1及物动词 及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中： 动词宾语 如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词) 动词宾语宾补 动词间接宾语直接宾语,2不及物动词 不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。 如：He listened but could not hear.他留神听，但没有听见。(listen后无宾语，为不及物动词

5、) 若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。 有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词) She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词),【例1】Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV？(2014，丽水) Sometimes.Its an interesting program，but I _ A _ Sports News. Aprefer Bwant Cknow Dreview 点拨：p

6、refer“更喜欢”；want“想要”；know“知道”；review“复习”。句意“你经常在电视上看人与自然吗？”“有时看，这是一个有趣的节目，但我更喜欢看体育新闻。”,【例2】My brother _ B _ to move the heavy box，but I didnt give up.(2014，孝感) Areminded Brefused Cagreed Dconsidered 点拨：remind“提醒；使想起”；refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”；agree to do sth.“同意做某事”；consider“考虑；认为”。句意“我的哥哥拒绝搬这个箱子，但是我不

7、放弃。”B项符合句意。,高频考点二系动词和助动词的用法 1系动词 本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。,2助动词 本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，h

8、ave，has，do，does，did，will和shall等。 【例3】This kind of peach looks really nice，but it _ A very sour.(2014，宁波) Atastes Blooks Cfeels Dsounds 点拨：taste“尝起来”；look“看起来”；feel“摸起来”；sound“听起来”。句意“这种桃子看起来真的不错，但尝起来很酸”。,【例4】Do you like watching TV? No，but my brother_ A _. Adoes Bdo Cis Dlikes 点拨：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以

9、免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。,高频考点三情态动词的用法 情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 1can(could) 表能力，could表过去的能力。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。 表可能性。 表许可。口语中可代替may。 cant表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。 could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。,2may(

10、might) 用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。,3must 表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用neednt或dont have to，意为“不必”。 注意：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。 must本身的否定形式mustnt意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。 表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比m

11、ay的语气要肯定得多。,4would 作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。 5should 表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。 表推测，意为“想必；一定；照说；应该；估计”等。,【例5】Here is my phone number.You _ B _ call me anytime you like.(2014，丽水) Amust Bcan Cshould Dneed 点拨：must“必须”；can“能够；可以”；should“应该”；need“必须”。由句意“这是我的电话号码，任何时候你都可以给我打电话。”可知应选B。 【例6】Is the lo

12、nghaired man Bruce？(2014，聊城) No，it _ A _ be him.Hes in New York now. Acant Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not 点拨：cant“不可能”；mustnt“禁止，不允许”；neednt“不必”；may not“可能不”。由答句第二句话“他现在在纽约”。可推断那个长发的男人不可能是布鲁斯。,【例7】Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad? No，you_ D _，son，youre free to make your own decisio

13、n.(2013，上海) Acant Bmustnt Cshouldnt Dneednt 点拨：对“Must I？”句型的否定回答应为“No，you neednt.”或“No，you dont have to.”,高频考点四动词短语 动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定词语。 1动词短语的分类： 动词介词 arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for 及物动词副词 find out，give up，look up，put on，pick up，t

14、ake off，take away，turn on，turn off，think over,不及物动词副词 get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞) 动词副词介词 get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to 动词名词介词 take part in，make friends with，take care of be形容词介词 be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried abou

15、t,2初中阶段常用短语如下： look短语 look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览 put短语 put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演；put away 收拾好；put out扑灭；put down写下；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴,turn短语 turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up

16、把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn into把变成 get短语 get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get back回去；get back to回到；get down下来；get home到家；get into进入，陷入；get out(of)(从)出去；get to到达；get together聚会,take短语 take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上当；take away

17、拿走；take out取出；take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据，开始从事，拿起 agree短语 agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事,go短语 go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/ dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝

18、，从旁经过；go for为而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school去上学；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生 come短语 come along进展；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down下来；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come into use开始使用；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油,give短语 give up放弃；give off放出，发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)

19、；give out精疲力竭，累倒，耗尽，用完；give away泄露，赠送；give in屈服，让步，投降 make短语 make a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与交朋友；make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸,be短语 be friendly/kind to对友好；be different from与不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受欢迎；be interested in对感兴

20、趣；be strict with sb.对某人严格；be strict in sth.对某事严格；be famous/known as作为出名；be surprised at对惊讶；be pleased with对满意；be proud of对感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be good for对有好处；be good at擅长于；be made up of由构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满；be late for迟到 call短语 call at拜访，后接地点

21、；call on拜访，后接被拜访的对象；号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处,电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处 【例8】 Do you _ A _ your son abe短语 be friendly/kind to对友好；be different from与不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受欢迎；be interested in对感兴趣；be strict with sb.对某人严格；be strict in sth.对某事严格；be famous/known as作为出名；be s

22、urprised at对惊讶；be pleased with对满意；be proud of对感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be good for对有好处；be good at擅长于；be made up of由构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满；be late for迟到 call短语 call at拜访，后接地点；call on拜访，后接被拜访的对象；号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处,fter sc

23、hool？(2014，绍兴) No.He comes back home on the school bus. Apick up Blook after Cdrop in Dsend for 点拨：pick up“拿起，拾起，接(某人)”；look after“照顾”；drop in“顺便拜访”；send for“派人去取，召唤”。由答句“他坐校车回家”。可推知问句为“放学后你接你儿子回家吗？”,【例9】My parents ask me to _ C _ myself when they go out.(2014，义乌) Abring Bthink of Clook after Dagree

24、 with 点拨：bring up“抚育”；think of“想起”；look after“照顾”；agree with“同意”。句意为“父母要求我在他们外出时照顾自己。”,【例10】Ann is going on a tour of Xian，and she wants to_ B _ Chinese history.(2013，江西) Adream of Blearn about Clook through Dpass on 点拨：dream of “梦到；梦想”；learn about“了解”；look through“浏览”；pass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知

25、，后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。,1How do you like the fish I cooked for you？(2014，菏泽) I havent had it yet.However，it _A_ good. Asmells Btastes Csounds Dfeels 2Bob，where is Linda？(2014，威海) She _B_ be in the library，but I am not sure. Amust Bmay Cneed Dhas to,3Good manners can make people _A_ each other.(2014，兰州)

26、Aget on well with Bget off Cget over Dget away 4Must I hand in my homework now，Mr. Smith? No，you _D_(2014，北京) Acant Bshouldnt Cwouldnt Dneednt 5The vegetable soup _B_ delicious.Can I have more？(2014，德州) Alooks Btastes Csounds Dfeels,6Lets go climbing，shall we？(2014，绍兴) You _C_ be joking！Dont you kno

27、w Im afraid of high places? Amay Bcan Cmust Dshould 7The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it _A_ her thoughts and feelings.(2014，平凉) Aexpress Bdiscuss Cexpect Dimagine 8As time _A_，youll come to think of English as your friend and love it.(2014，安徽) Agoes by Bruns out Ctakes off D

28、turns up,9_B_ you leave now？You only arrived here an hour ago. Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.(2014，宁波) AMay BMust CCan DMight 10Do you know the price of the ticket? Yes.Each_B_￥180.(2013，济宁) Apays Bcosts Ctakes Dspends,11He_C_an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.(2013，天津) Aprotected Bproduced Cjoined Dreceived 12Dinner is ready.Help yours