如何确定作者的观点和态度.ppt

1、,第五讲：如何确定作者的观点或态度How to Determine the Authors View or Attitude,能否正确地把握作者的观点和态度也是体现考生阅读理解能力的重要方面。 在四级考试的阅读理解项目中，会常常提问作者对文章中某一问题的态度（Attitude）、全文的基调（Tone）、文章的出处（Source）以及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。 一般来说，要确定作者的观点和态度，必须在通读全文、并掌握了主题思想和主要事实的基础上，才能做出正确的判断。,一、常见的提问方式 1. Whats the writers attitude to? 2. Whats the tone of

2、 the passage? 3.The tone of the passage can be best described as . 4. The authors view is _ . 5. The author gives the impression that . 6. The author thinks (suggests) that . 7. Which of the following is the authors view on .,8. Which of the following is the authors advice to the reader? 9. Which of

3、 the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards _ ? 10. The writers attitude of this passage is apparently _. 11. According to author _ . 12. Why does the author say that ?,二、从篇章的题材入手 关于态度或基调（Attitude/Tone）类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手。一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral)；而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显

4、得多种多样，常有的选项有：,1. positive 2. negative 3. neutral 4. approval 5. disapproval 6. indifferent 7. sarcastic 8. critical 9. optimistic 10. pessimistic,三、要善于通过上下文 在有的文章里，作者先介绍了某一个观点，却在后面又接着提出了相反的观点。因此，要正确判断作者的态度或观点，必须将上下文联系起来看，要注意文章中所述的内容并非都代表了作者的观点。,Example 1 Directions: Decide whether or not each of the

5、 following statements approves of the book written by Professor Baker. 1) Professor Bakers publisher has stated that this new book will soon take the place of all the old standard works in this field; in view, however, of both the style and content of Professor Bakers book, I find this claim most di

6、fficult to accept. 作者在前面引用了出版者的赞扬之辞而后接着表明难以接受此说法，说明他对此书持否定态度。,Example 2 When I first opened the package containing a copy of Professor Bakers latest book and read its title, I must admit I felt a sudden sinking of the heart; yet once I had gathered courage to begin my reading, I found the work so fa

7、r beyond my wildest hopes that I actually missed supper rather than put the volume down unfinished. 作者先说刚看到此书书名时很失望然后用yet表示转折，以至到最后爱不释手，表明他赞许此书,四、仔细琢磨词义 有的文章中，作者观点明确，文章基调清楚，而有的文章中，作者通过使用词汇的手段，暗示自己对文章中某一具体问题的态度和观点。这时，考生要特别仔细琢磨文中某些关键词的确切词义，弄明白作者的态度是赞成还是反对，是肯定还是否定。 解答这类问题时，首先应注意篇章中起连接作用的那些词语；其次应注意表明作者观

8、点词汇，如形容词、动词等。,Example 3 Directions: Decide which of the following statements was written by a person in favor of small-town life. Possibly there are those who derive pleasure from turning back the clock and seeking out the virtues we fondly imagine to have been associated with life in small towns in

9、 bygone days. Yet the most superficial reading of contemporary accounts dealing with such an existence makes it quite clear that full enjoyment of lifes true pleasures would be much more appreciated. 作者在谈到喜欢小城镇生活的人时用了Possibly there are(可能有这样的人)来表示不肯定的语气，在谈到小城镇生活的长处时用了we imagine to have been associat

10、ed with(据我们想像与相连系)来减弱其客观性，暗示未必真是如此可见该作者不赞同小城镇的生活。,Example 4,2) It is true that city-dwellers and suburbanites can enjoy certain facilities that may be denied to the inhabitants of small towns. What they miss, however, far outweighs such advantages, which, in any case, the vast majority rarely has th

11、e time or energy to take advantage of.,作者在谈到城市生活的方便时用了“certain”一词以表示其有限性并用“may be denied to the inhabitants of small towns(小城镇的居民也许没有)”来表示不肯定然而在谈到城市生活所失去的东西时用了“far outweighs such advantages”(大大超过了这些好处)来加以强调可见这篇文章的作者是赞同小城镇生活的,Example 5 Dear Editor, We are wasting our time and good money by asking sci

12、entists to solve the problem of air pollution. They are blaming cars and motorists. Nonsense! It is the smoke from factories that is ruining our air. I sincerely believe that these so-called scientists should try working in a factory from midnight to 8 a.m., and maybe they would discover something t

13、hat would surprise them. If the scientists could use their knowledge to direct they winds in such a way as to send this factory smoke out to sea forever, then we would be able to solve the problem of air pollution. Joseph Awad,The overall tone of this letter is . A. instructive and serious B. inform

14、ative and clever C. argumentative and rash D. humorous and sincere,Example 5 I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common people of the world could meet one another r at football or cricket, they would have no inclination t

15、o meet on the battlefield. Even if one didnt know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies(无节制) of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.,Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win,

16、and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise; but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and som

17、e larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.,At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of

18、 the spectators, and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe at any rate for short periods that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.,1. Which of the following best represents the writers view? A. He considers it is definitely impossible that sport can create goodwill between nations and avoid wars. B. He thinks it is funny to have such opinion that