Unit+8.ppt

1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材,综合教程（下） INTEGRATED COURSE,2,Unit 3,Leisure Activity,Content,Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project,Task 1 Man and nature is an eternal topic in our life. Watch the following video carefully to learn how global warming is threatening

2、the traditional way of life on the Chesapeake Bays Smith Island as its water level rises and its blue crab stocks dwindle and complete the blank-filling exercise.,Starting out,Smith Island,Smith Island is a lonely outpost, 12 miles out in the lower Chesapeake Bay. The shallow grassy waters around th

3、e cluster of islands that _Smith Island are some of the best blue crab habitat in the Bay. For more than 300 years the people here have _ natures hardships. But, increasingly, they sense that a more _ future lies ahead. The watermen are bringing in smaller catches, and profits _.,comprise,endured,pr

4、ecarious,falling down,The population has dropped from more than 800 to about 300 over the last 100 years, and Smith Island is _. Most of the Island is only 1 foot above sea level. The higher areas where the people live are just 2-4 feet above the water. Coastal ecologists say the Chesapeake Bay has

5、risen by more than a half foot over the past century and _.,losing its land,continues to swallow the land,Crumbling wooden crab shacks and battered bulwarks are testimony to the Islands _ to the sea. To help the Islanders beat back the bay, the army call of engineers launched a plan to _ new bulkhea

6、ds and stone breakwaters aroundTanleten, part of a multi-million-dollar plan to_ _.,vulnerability,install,persuade people to stay,slow erosion and,_ _“If a hurricane category 4 comes up and actually hits this Island, I think it could be flattened. It probably is the case that over the next century i

7、f_ , we probably will have a few higher spots, but not much more.” Most people hope that the new efforts to stem erosion can at least delay the inevitable so that one or two more generations can _here at the edge of the sea.,Despite this project, Smith Island may be running out,of time.,we cant get

8、control of the green house gases,make a living,Discuss in groups the following questions: 1.Whats the relationship between man and nature? 2. Many species of wildlife are reported to have become extinct or to be on the verge of extinction. What do you think causes this problem? 3. In your opinion, w

9、hat measures should be taken to preserve the biodiversity of wildlife?,Starting outTask 2,Useful words and expressions: interrelated/inseparable/interdependent/interactive protect/benefit/hamony destruct/disaster/take revenge on global warming /greenhouse effect earthquake/flood/sandstorm,Starting o

10、utTask 2,1.Whats the relationship between man and nature?,2.Many species of wildlife are reported to have become extinct or to be on the verge of extinction. What do you think causes this problem?,Sample: Physical Alteration of Habitat Commercial Hunting and Harvesting The Introduction of Foreign Sp

11、ecies Pest and Predator Control,The Collection of Animals and Plants for Human Enjoyment, Research, and Other purposes Pollution Biological Factors that Contribute to Extinction The Loss of Keystone Species -A Multiplicity of Factors Many factors acting together contribute to the loss of biodiversit

12、y. These factors may synergize to produce a level of devastation far greater than anticipated.,As we know, animals play an important part in our environment. They help maintain the biodiversity in nature. Today many animal species, however, are in danger of extinction. It is high time for us to take

13、 some measures to protect endangered animals.,Starting outTask 2,3.In your opinion, what measures should be taken to preserve the biodiversity of wildlife?,Firstly, we should educate people from the young age about the importance of wild animals in maintaining the ecosystem and biodiversity. Young p

14、eople should be educated how to protect our environment in general and how to protect endangered animals in particular. They should get to know the factors which threaten the safety of wildlife so that they can avoid doing them.,Secondly, the governments all over the world should set up national par

15、ks and wild-life preserves as many as possible. Thanks to these places, animals will have a suitable habitat to survive and good conditions to grow and multiply. There they can be kept in a natural and safe environment.,Last but not least, each nation must enforce stricter law with more serious puni

16、shment- capital punishment, for example, to prevent people from poaching rare and valuable animals.,In general, protecting wild animals is not a persons work but it needs the solidarity of human beings all over the world. I should think each of us has the responsibility for protecting and saving end

17、angered species before it is too late.,Thinking Like a Mountain,Reading Focus,Reading Focus,About the author:,Aldo Leopold (18871948) is widely acknowledged as the initiator of modern wildlife conservation in the United States.,Background Information,He was a professor at the University of Wisconsin

18、 and is best known for his book A Sand County Almanac 沙郡年记, from which this text is extracted, and sold over a million copies. The essays are stories of Leopolds observations of nature around him, the passing of seasons, and of wildlife, based on the belief that every living thing has a niche in the

19、 ecosystem.,Reading Focus Global Understanding,(Paras. 1-4),Part I (13) Every living thing pays heed to the wolfs bawl. Part II (46) The authors experience of killing a wolf. Part III (79) The chain consequence of killing wolfs and cows. Part IV ( 10 ) The long-term relationship between nature and h

20、umans.,Part I (13) Every living thing pays heed to the wolfs bawl.,A. Different interpretations of the meaning of the wolf call.,Reading Focus Global Understanding,a. To the deer, it is a reminder of the way of all flesh. b. To the pine, a forecast of midnight scuffles and of blood upon the snow . c

21、. To the coyotea promise of gleanings to come. d. To the cowmana threat of red ink at the bank. e. To the huntera challenge of fang against bullet. f. To the mountaina deeper meaning.,Supporting evidence:,a. The sound of wolves by night. b. The sight of wolf tracks by day. c. The midnight whinny of

22、a pack horse. d. The rattle of rolling rocks. e. The bound of a fleeing deer. f. The way shadows lie under the spruces.,B. Traces of wolves existence.,Supporting evidence:,Part II(4-6) The authors experience of killing a wolf.,Reading Focus Global Understanding,A. When did the author see the wolves?

23、 B. How did the author kill the wolves? C.Why did the author kill the wolves?,When they were eating lunch on a high rimrock.,They shot at the wolves with their rifles.,He shoot at the wolves for mainly two reasons: Firstly, since he was young and full of triggritch, he was so excited to able to shoo

24、t at an animal, secondly, he thought fewer wolves means more deer, which means hunters paradise.,a. Fewer wolves lead to more deer . b. More deer lead to fewer bushes, seedlings, trees, and internal killing. c. Fewer bushes, seedlings and trees lead to damage of the affected range and a natural disa

25、ster for human life.,Reading Focus Global Understanding,Part II(7-9) Part III The chain consequence of killing wolfs and cows.,Arguments:,Conclusion: Too much safety seems to yield only danger in the long run.,Part IV (10) The relationship between nature and human in the long run.,Task 2,Work in gro

26、ups to decide whether the statements are true or false according to the passage. (P 228),Key: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10,T,F,F,F,T,F,F,T,T,T,Reading Focus Detailed Information,Critical Thinking,Reading Focus,Step One 1. In the text, the author declares: “Only the mountain has lived long enough to listen obj

27、ectively to the howl of a wolf.” What does the mountain think of the howl of a wolf? Why does the author think only the mountain can listen objectively to the howl?,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,Sample:,All the creatures in the valley are connected to each other in this ecosystem, each one works in

28、 their own way to keep this system in balance. A wolf howl, which stands for the presence of wolf, is just one link in this eco-system and its a normal phenomenon to the mountain. Different creatures in the valley have different interpretation of the wolf howl according to their different standpoint

29、s. However, only the mountain has lived long enough to witness what happened and will happen. Only the mountain can tell whether it is a fortune or a disaster in the long run.,2.The author says in the last paragraph, “too much safety seems to yield only danger in the long run” can you find an equiva

30、lent Chinese saying? Do you agree with this opinion? If you agree, supply examples to illustrate your point. If you dont, explain the reasons.,An equivalent Chinese saying is “生于忧患，死于安乐”.,Sample:,I agree with this opinion. For instance, since people have realized we can benefit greatly from coal, pe

31、troleum, forest, animal furs and other natural resources, every individual as well the government has tried every possible means to exploit the nature. However, decades later, we have to be confronted with earthquakes, floods, sandstorms and other disasters. Although it may bring us convenience at t

32、he beginning, we will suffer in the long run.,I dont agree. We all strive for safety and convenience with the development of science and technology. There are advantages as well as disadvantages in most measures we have taken, as long as we can estimate the possible outcomes and be fully prepared, w

33、e can avoid most of the dangers.,Step Two Discuss in groups the following questions. 1. Why should we preserve biodiversity? What benefits can it bring about to human beings?,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,Sample:,Humans have many economic, aesthetic, and ethical reasons for conserving biodiversity.

34、 Bioresources include all of our food, many pharmaceutical drugs, clothing fibers (wool and cotton), rubber and timber for housing and construction, and so on. Look around youeverything we make and manufacture comes from nature.,Ecosystem services are essential biological functions that are provided

35、 free of charge by living organisms and that benefit humankind. They include oxygen production by plants, climate control by forests, nutrient cycling, natural pest control, pollination of plants, and so much more. Importantly, we derive great pleasure from the beauty of nature. It is impossible to

36、think that the spirit and imagination that makes us human could have ever evolved in a moon-type ecosystem. Nature is the cradle of mankind and responsible for why we humans can call ourselves doubly wise, the species that is aware of itself. Finally, there are powerful ethical justifications for co

37、nserving nature when you understand that it isnt right for humans do anything with Earth they want. It is important to realize that we are not above nature, but a part of it. In summary, the animal and plant world should be accorded both rights and respect.,2. Do you think it possible to strike a ba

38、lance between ecological sustainability and the developmental needs of people?,Sample:,Ecological sustainability is an ideal state which can only achieved by the joint efforts of individuals, communities, government sectors to bring both environmental and human needs on to one platform. The followin

39、g strategies might be helpful in maintaining ecological sustainability: Land and habitat conservation: Document the connection between ecological and socio-economic perspectives, especially considering issues on functionality across the boundaries.,Species conservation: Have a clear understanding of

40、 the science that governs the survival and viability of individual key species and preserve biodiversity by setting up national parks, natural reserves, etc. Enterprise conservation: Communities consider business opportunities based on natural resources they might be able to use. These are developed

41、, not only to benefit and improve local livelihoods, but also to support conservation through encouraging people to live harmoniously with nature.,Training and capacity building: Recognizes the need for sustainable governance and the training of local community members in leadership skills, policy a

42、nd legislation interpretation, which might be relevant for natural resource management. Trans-boundary collaboration and policy dialogue: Facilitate regional collaboration on matters of managing shared natural resources.,Rebuilding the role of the UN: As the most universal and democratic internation

43、al forum, the UN and its agencies should be given the opportunity and resources to maintain their identity, reaffirm their development focus and strengthen their programs and activities. International environmental governance: Countries should reach some conclusions about the beneficial strategies i

44、n protecting the environment and put them into action. Of course, to make this move forward, there must be effective people participation, because the radical changes being called for can be realized only when there is popular will.,It is an outburst of wild defiant sorrow, and of contempt for all t

45、he adversities of the world. (Para. 1) outburst; burst; outbreak A. There has been another angry_ against the new local tax introduced today. B. Terri keeps_ into tears for no reason. C. A(n)_ of food poisoning led to the deaths of five people.,Reading Focus Language Point,outburst,bursting,outbreak

46、,defiant adj. refusing to do what is asked because one does not agree 公然违抗的; 反抗的; 挑衅的 eg: _, they sang a revolutionary song as they were led away to prison. 他们被带走投入监狱时, 仍以最后的反抗姿态唱起了一支革命歌曲。,With a last defiant gesture,2. Every living thing (and perhaps many a dead one as well) pays heed to that call.

47、 (Para. 2) pay heed to to pay attention to sth., especially sth. someone says, and seriously consider it 注意某事；慎重考虑某事 e.g. A good leader should always pay heed to the voice of the masses. 一位好领导应该经常注意倾听群众的呼声。 翻译：每种生物（或许很多没有生命的事物也同样）都留意着那个声音。,Reading Focus Language Point,3. Those unable to decipher the

48、 hidden meaning know nevertheless that it is there, for it is felt in all wolf country, and distinguishes that country from all other land. (Para. 3) decipher v. to find the meaning of something that is difficult to read or understand 辨认；解释;破译(密码) e.g.有谁能辨认他的字迹吗？ Can anyone decipher his handwriting?

49、,Reading Focus Language Point,4. We were eating lunch on a high rimrock, at the foot of which a turbulent river elbowed its way. (Para. 4) Personification(拟人) is used to show how the river flowed and turned round so fast, as if it were a person struggling for a way forward.,Reading Focus Language Po

50、int,5. We saw what we thought was a doe fording the torrent, her breast awash in white water. (Para. 4) awash：adj. covered with water or another liquid 被水或其他液体漫过的 be with This city _ drugs. 这座城市毒品泛滥。,Reading Focus Language Point,is awash with,6. In those days we had never heard of passing up a chanc

51、e to kill a wolf. (Para. 5) pass up:to give up,refuse 放过，放弃，拒绝 e.g. Never pass up a chance to learn. 永远不要放弃学习的机会。 Paraphrase: In those days we would surely kill a wolf as long as we find one.,Reading Focus Language Point,7. Since then I have lived to see state after state extirpate its wolves. I hav

52、e watched the face of many a newly wolfless mountain, and seen the south-facing slopes wrinkle with a maze of new deer trails. I have seen every edible bush and seedling browsed, first to anemic desuetude, and then to death. I have seen every edible tree defoliated to the height of a saddlehorn.(Par

53、a.7) Parallel structure is used here to emphasize the serious chain consequence of wolf killing.,Reading Focus Language Point,8. Since then I have lived to see state after state extirpate its wolves. (Para. 8) extirpate (v.) to completely destroy something that is unpleasant or unwanted 消灭，根除 e.g. I

54、n at least one instance, a researcher predicts that global warming will extirpate one species from an entire region within 15 years. 至少有一例，是研究者预测全球暖化在未来15年内将把某一物种完全铲除。,Reading Focus Language Point,9. In wildness is the salvation of the world. (Para. 9) This sentence is put in inverted order. paraphr

55、ase：You can learn how to save the world in the way how the nature goes.,Reading Focus Language Point,Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10,Task 1 Choose the answer closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. (P230),B,D,A,B,A,D,D,A,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,B,C,Task 2,1.

56、 outburst burst outbreak A. There has been another angry _ against the new local tax introduced today. B. Terri keeps_ into tears for no reason. C. A(n) _of food poisoning led to the deaths of five people.,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from each group. Change the form if necess

57、ary.Some words may be used more than once.(P231),outburst,bursting,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,outbreak,2. adversity adverse advise A. Despite the _conditions, the road was finished in just eight months. B. They continue to fight in the face of _. C. It was his doctor who_ that he change his

58、job. 3. distinguish distinguished distinct A. There is something about music that_ it from all other art forms. B. Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a_change in her attitude. C. His grandfather had been a_ professor at the University.,adverse,distinguishes,distinguished,distinct,Reading Focus Vocabula