海明威简介及其作品分析

1、.,Ernest Hemingway (18991961),.,1899-1961 Oak Park, Illinois Second child in a family of six Hunting and fishing,Young Hemingway fishing in Michigan in 1904,.,Reporter in the Kansas City Star newspaper Red Cross volunteer Wounded Decorated by the Italian government,Ernest Hemingway as an American Re

2、d Cross volunteer in Italy, 1918,.,Marriage Paris, France Travel Europe In Our Time The Sun Also Rises,Ernest Hemingway and Hadley Hemingway in Switzerland, 1922,.,.,Nobel Prize Winner in 1954 To avoid the use of adjectives , esp. such extravagant ones as splendid, gorgeous, grand, magnificent etc.

3、Attained the preferences for short sentences, short first paragraphs and vigorous English The Sun Also Rises (1926) Jake Barnes Robert Cohn Brett Ashley,.,Spanish Civil War but eventually they are quite clear and by these and the degree of alchemy that he possesses he will endure or be forgotten.,.,

4、Writing, at its best, is a lonely life. Organizations for writers palliate the writers loneliness but I doubt if they improve his writing. He grows in public stature as he sheds his loneliness and often his work deteriorates. For he does his work alone and if he is a good enough writer he must face

5、eternity, or the lack of it, each day.,.,For a true writer each book should be a new beginning where he tries again for something that is beyond attainment. He should always try for something that has never been done or that others have tried and failed. Then sometimes, with great luck, he will succ

6、eed.,.,How simple the writing of literature would be if it were only necessary to write in another way what has been well written. It is because we have had such great writers in the past that a writer is driven far out past where he can go, out to where no one can help him. I have spoken too long f

7、or a writer. A writer should write what he has to say and not speak it. Again I thank you.,.,.,Literary Point of View: Essentially a negative writer Holds a black, naturalistic view of the world and sees it as “all a nothing” Sees life in terms of battles and tension The typical Hemingway situations

8、 are usually characterized by chaos and brutality and violence, by crime and death, and sport, hard drinking and sexual promiscuity. Code Herowounded but strong, more sensitivity and action but less words, enjoys pleasure of life (sex, alcohol, sport), in face of ruin and death and maintains an idea

9、l of himself.,.,.,Writing Style He always manages to choose words concrete, specific, more commonly found, more Anglo-Saxon, casual and conversational, and employs them in a syntax of short simple sentences, which are orderly and patterned, conversational and sometimes ungrammatical. His distinctive

10、 writing style is characterized by economy and understatement. He used understate- ment and omission which make the text multilayered and rich in allusions.,.,Iceberg Principle “The Dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.” He believes that the above part

11、must be implicit and multiple, and the under part is for the readers to imagine.,.,only a small portion of what the writer knows is included in the book, leaving about ninety percent of the content a mystery that grows beneath the surface of the writing. A good writer does not need to reveal every d

12、etail of a character or action.,Iceberg Theory,.,A Farewell to Arms,Plot Summary A Farewell to Arms opens in Italy during the First World War. The novels main character, Frederic Henry, is a young American serving as a second lieutenant in the Italian Army and works as an ambulance driver. His frien

13、d Rinaldi, a good-looking Italian surgeon, introduces Frederic Henry to Catherine Barkley, who is described as a tall, beautiful woman with long blonde hair. He is very much attracted to her and would like to become romantically involved with her. Although Catherine responds to his first attempt to

14、kiss her by slapping him, they gradually become more and more interested in each other.,.,Frederic feels indifferent about the war going on around him, feeling that it has little to do with him. One day in a dugout(防空洞), a shell wounds Frederic badly, and he is taken to a field hospital and then tra

15、nsferred to an American hospital in Milan. Soon after, Catherine comes to the hospital to visit him and eventually manages to stay and work at the hospital. Frederic and Catherine begin spending nights together while she is on night-duty in the hospital. Gradually Frederic finds himself falling more

16、 and more in love with Catherine. Before Frederic leaves for the front, Catherine announces that she is pregnant.,.,Frederic Henry returns to the front, realizing quickly that the men at the front have lost their spirit and drive in the war. Hemingway describes the massive Italian retreat from the t

17、own of Caporetto when the German and Austrian forces began moving against them in October, 1917. Frederic comes to a long wooden bridge on the Tagliamento River, where military police, the carabinieri(宪兵), are seizing their own Italian officers and executing them for calling the retreat. Frederic is

18、 detained, but he breaks free and jumps into the river to escape. Frederic floats down the river and eventually jumps a train headed for Milan and Catherine. Sick of the war and finished with fighting for a nation that is not even his own, Frederic is well content to make his farewell to arms and to

19、 desert his post in the Italian army.,.,During a rainstorm, the bartender in the hotel warns Frederic that he is in danger of being caught as a deserter by the authorities and suggests that Frederic and Catherine borrow his boat and escape across the lake into Switzerland. Frederic rows all night an

20、d arrive in Switzerland, they are arrested, but Frederic explains that they are tourists and that they have come to Switzerland for the winter sports. Because they have a good bit of money and valid passports, the authorities let them go. Frederic and Catherine travel to Montreux and spend a happy a

21、nd romantic fall in a small chalet(小木屋) amidst the mountain pines.,.,When Catherine is ready to give birth, Frederic takes her to a hospital in Lausanne. Catherines labor is extremely difficult, and the doctor gives her laughing gas to ease the pain. When it is clear that she is not going to be able

22、 to give birth to the child naturally, the doctor tries to deliver it by cesarean section, but the baby is already dead. A nurse sends Frederic out to get something to eat. When he returns, he learns that Catherine has begun to hemorrhage. The doctor is unable to stop the bleeding, and Catherines co

23、ndition gradually worsens. Once she and Frederic say good-bye, Catherine slips into unconsciousness and soon dies. Catherine is gone. Frederic walks back to the hotel alone in the rain.,.,Analysis of Major Characters,Frederic Henry In the sections of the novel in which he describes his experience in

24、 the war, Henry portrays himself as a man of duty. He attaches to this understanding of himself no sense of honor, nor does he expect any praise for his service. Even after he has been severely wounded, he discourages Rinaldi from pursuing medals of distinction for him. Time and again, through conve

25、rsations with men like the priest, Ettore Moretti, and Gino, Henry distances himself from such abstract notions as faith, honor, and patriotism. Concepts such as these mean nothing to him beside such concrete facts of war as the names of the cities in which he has fought and the numbers of decimated

26、 (严重破坏的) streets.,.,Henry is a disillusioned man of the modern world searching for some values or some system that he can believe in. He is a lonesome and confused and restless man. He does not function well in this whirlwind existence of disorder and confusion. Hid basic desire to derive some code

27、of life by which he can live causes him first to attach himself to Catherine Barkley. Later he sees in their relationship a type of order, a type of commitment to a regular existence. Ultimately in the end of the novel, Henry comes to the realization that life can be faced only if he develops within

28、 himself an inner strength and inner discipline which will allow him to meet all encounters with the same grace under pressure.,.,Catherine Barkley With the advent of feminist criticism, readers have become more vocal about their dissatisfaction with Hemingways depictions of women, which, according

29、to critics such as Leslie A. Fiedler, tend to fall into one of two categories: overly dominant shrews, like Lady Brett in The Sun Also Rises, and overly submissive confections, like Catherine Barkley in A Farewell to Arms. Hemingway was at his best dealing with men without women; when he started to

30、involve female characters in his writing, he reverted to uncomplicated stereotypes. A Farewell to Arms certainly supports such a reading: it is easy to see how Catherines blissful submission to domesticity, especially at the novels end, might rankle contemporary readers for whom lines such as “Im ha

31、ving a child and that makes me contented not to do anything” suggest a bygone era in which a womans work centered around maintaining a home and filling it with children.,.,She is a loving, dedicated woman whose desire and capacity for a redemptive, otherworldly love makes her the inevitable victim o

32、f tragedy. She is a static character. She dies as she had lived, with honesty, with discipline, and with courage. “Its just a dirty trick.”,.,Themes,1. The Grim Reality of War The novel offers masterful descriptions of the conflicts senseless brutality and violent chaos: the scene of the Italian arm

33、ys retreat remains one of the most profound evocations of war in American literature. 2. The Relationship Between Love and Pain If they are to achieve physical, emotional, and psychological healing, they have found the perfect place in the safe remove of the Swiss mountains. The tragedy of the novel

34、 rests in the fact that their love, even when genuine, can never be more than temporary in this world.,.,Symbols,Rain Rain serves in the novel as a potent symbol of the inevitable disintegration of happiness in life. Catherine infuses the weather with meaning as she and Henry lie in bed listening to the storm outside. As the rain falls on the roof, Catherine admits that the rain scares her and says that it has a tendency to ruin things for lovers. Of course, no meteorological phenomenon has such pow