汽车维修企业服务与管理模式探讨机械设计带图纸文档
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装订线毕业设计（汽车维修企业服务和管理模式探讨）报告纸Auto IndustryIts a moment to be remembered in Chinas auto industry, marking half a century of independent motor manufacturing in China. Founded in 1953, the First Automotive Works Group is the cradle of Chinas native auto industry. It saw the birth of the first Chinese-made sedan and truck. From a thousand Chinese cars and trucks a couple of decades ago, the group has today evolved into a conglomerate with joint ventures that have produced several million automobiles. A week-long auto fair, the third of its kind in Changchun, was held to mark the 50th birthday of Chinas auto industry. Nine international automobile giants including Volkswagen, Daimler Chrysler AG, Mercedes-Benz, Citroen, Toyota, Volvo and Fiat, as well as major Chinese automotive conglomerates were all in attendance at the fair, bringing with them their latest models for display. Mr. Sui Hui, General Manager of Beijing Asian Games Village Automobile Exchange has just come back from the auto fair.I was most impressed by the fact that the auto industry, including auto markets in China, has achieved enormous development in the past 50 years, said Sui Hui, general manager of Beijing Asian Games Village Automobile ExchangeIn 1953, China established the First Automotive Works in northeast city of Changchun in Jilin Province, marking the start of Chinas own auto industry. At the same time, Tsinghua University began to award the countrys first degrees in Automobile EngineeringThe First Automotive Works was then a typical enterprise, turning out Jie fang motor cars and trucks. That was the starting phase of Chinas auto industry. The second phase lasted from the Cultural Revolution to the time before Chinas opening up. The Second Automotive Works and the Capital Automotive Works were established, manufacturing heavy trucks for combat readiness. The third phase came after Chinas opening up. This period of auto manufacturing centers on international cooperation and aims to offset the imbalance between heavy and light auto production. Passenger cars are being developed very fast. Technology transfer, especially in the production of passenger cars is the feature of the time. We set up many joint ventures and achieved good result in mass production. This is a historical leap forward, said Ouyang Minggao, dean of Dept. of Automotive Engineering of Tsinghua UniversityThe total output of the auto industry was only 500,000 cars in 1990. While in 2002, the figure surged to more than 3.2 million units. In the first quarter of this year, the entire industry produced over 1 million vehicles。In 2002, the auto industrys sales revenues accounted for 5.2 percent of total industrial sales, up from 2.2 percent in 1990 and 4.4 percent in 2001. The ratio rose to 6.2 percent in the first quarter of this year。One yuan of auto output will give rise to two yuan of output in directly-related industry such as machinery, electronics, and petrochemistry, and five yuan output in other indirect industries. In the course of becoming a global manufacturing center, the auto industry has become the driving force for Chinas modernized industry. The latest research from Chinas National Bureau of Statistics shows that auto production has become the countrys fifth largest manufacturing sector. The figures suggest that China will become the fourth largest auto manufacturing country in the world in 2003 after the US, Japan and Germany。Chinas auto industry began to display strength on the international stage, drawing auto giants the world over to transfer their technologies, manufacture cars or set up joint ventures in China, said Ouyang Minggao.The automobile sector is related to five industries. In auto manufacturing, China has turned out 4 million units this year, ranking fifth in the world.After-sale services in auto markets are developing rapidly. Auto dealers and franchised stores have set up all over the country, offering customers convenient environments for purchasing. Local governments also laid out corresponding promotion plans.Major cities regard cars not only as a means of transport, but as sport as well. Beijing has one or two markets specializing in auto sports activities. It shows that auto related industries are developing very fast. Next comes car culture. Customers are spending a lot on auto sound systems and car customizing. Some may spend 100,000 yuan buying a car, and more than that sum on customizing their new car. Auto information is becoming a large industry all over the country。Consumption became the powerhouse of production in the market situation and provided the internal drive for the industry to grow. By the end of 2002, an average of 2.8 autos were owned by every 100 families. Study of international car market demonstrates that cars become affordable to ordinary families when the average price is two to three times their annual income.The ratio of private car purchasing is surging in Chinas auto market. Family cars are in vogue. This is also of milestone significance because the auto industry relies on the market, a mass market for growth, said Ouyang Minggao.Auto fairs large and small become a stage for car manufacturers to promote sales and display their new models. Music, performances and beautiful girls take the limelight on these occasions. They also become for car owners, enthusiasts and potential buyers, a place to check out their favorite fashions. In ancient times most people depended on their feet to get around. Only the wealthy could afford horse-drawn carriages. Keeping stables was costly and owning a carriage therefore became a symbol of high social status. Chinas first passenger car was made for the nations top leaders. Only a decade ago, the car was regarded as a luxury that no ordinary person could ever dream of. Today, the automobile has become for many Chinese families, a daily necessity.Car sales have been brisk so far this year in Chinas major cities. As the dispensable income of Chinas urban population keeps growing, the automobile has become one of the most sought after commodities in personal consumption. For young people living in Beijing or Shanghai, owning a car is an almost essential part of their career advancement. The truth is, ordinary Chinese have already become the chief driving force in the nations booming car market. The latest statistics show that car purchases by individuals accounted for nearly 80 percent of Chinas auto sales in the first quarter of this year. There are basically three ways of purchasing a car: cash, installment or credit loans. Purchasing on loans is a rather new concept for most Chinese people. According to car dealers, credit loans account for 20-30 percent of all car sales in Beijing. This is not much compared with industrialized countries. Generally, that figure is 50-80 percent in those countries. But more and more people begin to identify with this method of consumption. And when choosing their cars, price and options are the top concerns of consumers. Time-honored brands are often big sellers.With Chinas economy on the fast track, an affluent middle class is taking shape and growing rapidly. They are mostly young, open-minded and confident about their future. They dare to spend, even tomorrows money.To many people in China, cars are still a status symbol. Owning a car not only means freedom of mobility, but also shows that you have entered the class of the nouveau riche and are keeping up with the trend.For the majority of people in China, cars are still a luxury. But many of them are beginning to dream about owning a car. With more and cheaper cars available on the market, their dream may soon become a reality.In late April this year when China did not fully recover from the fatal SARS epidemic, a large scale automobile exhibition was held in Shanghai, the financial center and commercial hub of China. Almost all the world auto giants couldnt wait to throng into the huge market in taking a share. In the eyes of the audience who appreciated the various new models very much, the shining logos and dazzling cars on the stage caused a new wave of modern auto fashion. Apart from all the famous foreign brands, the few local names also turned out as music to the ears of the car-hunger Chinese, though sounding not so vibrating. With the market door gradually opening to all the potential players, how can the mid-runners of the Chinese auto manufacturers meet the fiercer competition brought by the economic globalization?“We can say that the Chinese auto industry has experienced competition for more than twenty years since the reform and opening. Two decades of competition helps the auto industry reach current level. But plenty of problems occur during the process. So it is very hard to lay out a timetable as to when we will be able to race against the foreign competitors. In my opinion, one of the main problems facing domestic automobile makers is insufficient opening. I think that following the road of the Chinese home appliance industry is a must to rise to rival against the foreign companies. That means the final winners will come out of full market competition. As the final winners can go through the market competition, they will have more competitiveness or the ability to shun off risk and external impact,” said Jiang Yuan, official of National Statistics Bureau.Actually, among the hundreds of auto companies in China, a large number of them are the so-called assemblers with no core competitive power at all. The step-by-step lift of tariffs and non-tariff barriers will no doubt elbow them to a more direct confrontation with the ambitious foreign enterprises. There is no place to hide for now. Instead, there is time for them to catch up with those big names in a balanced way.“One controversial topic at present is whether to be open or to be independent. But I reckon it as a matter of balance. It is hard to say that you should remain totally independent or fully open. Actually we ought to keep a state of balance. That is to say we try to maintain independence instead of being close-minded and to remain open while avoiding dependence on others. Such a complexion of independence, opening, cooperation and competition need to be formed,” said Ouyang Minggao, Dean of Department of Automotive Engineering of Tsinghua University.The Dongfeng Auto Group is one of the three major Chinese auto manufacturers. To get more ready for a hand-to-hand competition, it has been following a road of learning through cooperation.Late last year, Dongfeng signed an agreement with the Japanese auto giant Nissan on a long-term and comprehensive cooperation. This was clearly aimed at reinforcing its current role in China and gaining a favorable position in the future world auto map.To strengthen its capability of independent research and development, necessary facilities were invested in the R&D center for testing new models of cars. The various kinds of testing roads were designed to help its own products driving smoothly toward the market. Besides, the Dongfeng Auto Group set the goal of nurturing a national auto development zone in Xiangfan, where it is located. Based on its comparatively long history of auto manufacturing, all these efforts have been made in a steady and sure style. 中国汽车工业在中国汽车工业里，现在是一个应该被铭记的时刻，因为它标志了近半个世纪以来中国发动机的独立自主制造。成立于1953年的中国第一汽车集团是中国本地汽车诞生的摇篮，它见证了中国自己制造轿车和卡车的诞生。它已经从几十年前的几千辆中国轿车和卡车的集团发展成为一个集合资为一体的年产数百万辆的大型集团。在长春举办了为期一周的展览会来纪念中国汽车产业的50岁生日。九大国际知名公司和很多中国内地的汽车公司都来参加了此次展览会，并带来了他们最新的产品在展览会上展出。这九个国际知名汽车公司包括：大众汽车公司、克莱斯勒汽车公司、奔驰汽车公司、雪铁龙汽车公司、丰田汽车公司、菲亚特汽车公司。北京亚运村汽车交易公司总经理隋辉（音译）先生刚刚从展览会上归来。他说：“中国50年以来在汽车制造方面所取得的巨大成就给我留下了深刻的印象。”在1953年中国就制定了关于在东北吉林省长春市建立中国第一汽车集团的政策，与此同时，清华大学也开始了关于汽车发动机发面的研究的先河。第一汽车集团在当时是一个非常典型的汽车，它制造了“解放”牌卡车。这是中国汽车工业的第一阶段。第二阶段是从文化大革命到改革开放初期。第二汽车集团和北京汽车集团成立之初主要是为了满足军事需要而生产大量重型卡车。第三阶段是从改革开放开始的。与国际著名品牌汽车公司合作的时期是为了平衡重轻汽车的生产。乘用车的发展非常迅速。技术转让，特别是在乘用车制造中的技术转让是这个时期发展迅速的主要原因。我们成立了很多合资公司并且在大规模生产上取得了很好的效果。“这是一个历史性的飞跃。”清华大学汽车工程学院院长欧阳名高（音译）如是说。在1990年，中国汽车的年产量仅仅有500000辆。但是到了2002年，这个数量已经达到了3百多万。在今年上半年里，整个汽车工业的产量又增长了大约1百万辆。 在2002年，汽车工业的销售额占到了中国工业消费额的5%左右，然而在1990年仅为2%，2001年仅为4%。在今年上半年里这个比例已经上升到了6%左右。一元的汽车产出将带来2元的直接工业产出如机械、电力、石油等，但能带来大约5元的间接产出。汽车工业在成为全球制造中心的同时也成为中国现代化工业发展的驱动力。最新的中国国家统计办公厅的调查显示汽车制造已成为中国第五大的制造行业。数据证明中国有希望在2003年成为继美国、日本和德国之后的第四大汽车制造国家。欧阳名高（音译）这样说道：“在国际舞台上，中国汽车越来越显示出强大的实力，在技术，汽车制造，合资方面绘画出了一幅宏伟蓝图。”一辆汽车的生产涉及到5个行业。在汽车制造上，中国今年已经产出4百多万辆，在全球居第4位。售后服务也在中国快速的发展着。汽车经销商和特约店早已经中国遍地开花，它为消费者提供了非常便利的购买条件。当地政府部门也为此制定了专门的计划。大多数城市人不仅仅把汽车作为一种代步工具来看待，同时也把它当作了一种运动。北京有1至2个市场在从事特殊运动汽车的销售等。它显示这个专门的汽车市场产业发展的非常快速。随之而来的是汽车文化，消费者也正在为其汽车的音响系统和个性花费着。很多人花100000元买辆车却花去甚至更多的钱去按照自己的个性去装饰，规划它。在整个中国，汽车信息正在成为一个大的产业。消费者成为市场产品的需求者并且带动了国内的工业发展。2002年末，在中国每平均100人就拥有28辆汽车。国际汽车市场研究证明当平均价格是消费者年收入的2到3倍的时候，购买汽车对他们来讲就是很简单的事情了。欧阳名高（音译）说：“私人汽车的购买率正在冲击着中国市场。家庭轿车正在流行当中。这也是个很重要的里程碑，因为汽车工业需要依靠一个正在增长的大市场。”汽车展览会的大小已经成为汽车公司扩大销售，展示新产品的主要舞台。在这些场合，音乐、表演、车模已经成为这些活动的焦点。它们也成为汽车拥有者，狂热者，潜在汽车消费者互相交流的地方。在古代，人们大多是靠自己的脚去行走，只有少量的富人才有能力去雇佣马车。这样是昂贵的，同时它也成为身份地位的象征。中国的第一辆乘用车是为国家高层
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