英语的五种基本句型训练.ppt

1、英语的五种基本句型训练,以下五种基本句式是任何英语句子的基本组成部分，其他如定语、状语等均是句子的次要或附加部分。只要掌握了这五种基本句式，当遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句式进行分析，对句子的理解也就变得容易多了。,1.主语 系动词 表语,这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, sit, stand, lie, keep, remain, stay,等等。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come,

2、prove,等等.,1.Mr.Brown is an engineer. 2.Gradualy he became silent. 3.She remained standing for a hour. 4.The question remained unsolved. 5.The machine is out of order. 6.The television was on. 7.His plan is to keep the affair secret. 8.The question is what you want to do.,名词,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,介词短语,副词,不定式

3、,从句,注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。Im happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow his example.,形容词，名词，现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词，从句都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语。,2. 主语谓语,（1）这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：take place, happen, break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist, fall, ris

4、e, hang等等。,1.The sun is rising. 2.Ill try. 3.Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep) 4.The engine broke down.,（2）有些动词如wash, sell, burn， write, clean, draw, cook, read等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。 注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。,1.The book sells well. 2.The pen writes smoothly. 3.Cheese cuts easi

5、ly.,3主语 谓语宾语,这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。,1.Do you know these people (them)？ 2.I cant express myself in English. 3.He smiled a strange smile. 4.We cant afford to pay such a price. 5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？ 6.I hope that I have said nothing

6、 to pain you.,名或代词,反身代词,同源宾语,不定式,动名词,句子,只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有： afford，agree，choose，decide，demand，desire，determine, fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seek，threaten，wish，arrange，learn，etc. 动词之后只能跟动名词做宾语:acknowledge（承认），admit，appreciate（感激），avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，prevent，enj

7、oy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，practice，quit（放弃），risk，（cant）stand，suggest，advise等； 动词短语有： go on，give up，put off，feel like 等。,4. 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语,后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物。这类词常有award, give, offer , bring, buy ，show等. 这类句型有三种情况。,He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me. She gave

8、 me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me.,第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语,She sang us a folk song. She sang a folk song for us. She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us.,第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。,Tell him Im out. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？,第三种情况，直接宾语

9、可以由宾语从句充当。,5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的。通常放在宾语的后面。如： The news made me excited. 这里excited 就是me 的宾语补足语。,A . 不定式前带 to 常用的动词有: advise,cause, allow,drive,encourage,expect, force,intend,invite,permit,tell,trust,urge,persuade,remind, teach,want,warn,get,ask,forbid,beg,require,tempt,enable,lead, in

10、struct等,以及表示情感状态的动词love,like,prefer,hate等后面跟带to的不定式作补语.,1）、不定式作宾补,1.What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补) 2.We thought him to be an honest man. (to be做宾补) 3.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补) 4.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补),B . 不定式前不带 to 表示感觉的动词see,hear

11、, watch, notice, observe, feel等和三个表示致使的动词make,have,let后面跟不带to的不定式作补语.,Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补),C . 不定式为to be 在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be，如：believe, consider, declare, find, imagine, know, prove, suppose, feel, think, understand等等。 1. 这个答案证明是错的。 2. 我认为他是一个好学生。(think),1.We thought him to be a

12、n honest man.(tobe做宾补) 2.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补) 3.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补),分词作宾语补足语时，如果分词与宾语构成主谓关系，用现在分词；如果构成动宾关系，则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有：find, feel , get , have , hear , keep , notice , see , watch，make, leave等。,2）、分词作宾补,1.I saw her cha

13、tting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补) 2.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补),常用形容词作宾补的动词有: keep, leave, find, make, feel, think, consider等,He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补),3）、形容词作宾补,常用名词作宾补的动词有：find, name, call, elect, make, choose 等,They called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补),4）、名词作宾补,常用as构成的短语作宾补的

14、动词有：consideras, treatas, regardas, look onas, haveas, takeas, think ofas等 1. 你决不能认为他是一个自私的人。 2. 他们把我当作是女儿来看待。,5）、由 as 构成的短语作宾补,此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，,6There be 句型,现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were将来有 there will be/there is /are going to be.可