Lesson3EpidemicsExplained (2).ppt

1、,Logical Coherence (逻辑关系),阅读 “七选五”解题技巧之二,Reading comprehension,logically incoherent (逻辑混乱),论，就是结论先行。 证，就是证据支撑。 类，就是归类分组。 序，就是逻辑顺序。,金字塔思维对付逻辑混乱的杀手锏,燕子去了，有再来的时候; 杨柳枯了，有再青的时候; 桃花谢了，有再开的时候;,Swallows may have gone, but they will return; Willow trees may have died , but they will regreen; Peach blossoms m

2、ay have fallen , but they will bloom again;,If swallows go away,they will come back again; If willows wither,they will turn green again; If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again;,Appreciation,Logical Coherence,小标题,主旨句,过渡性句子 in other words,Example 1,起：Statement: what,承：Explainations : how, Appr

3、oach money lessons with openness and honesty. 1 If you must say no to a childs request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say. “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.” A. Tell your child why he can- or can

4、not- have certain things. B. Permit the child to choose between them. C. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.,Example 2,起: Statement:what,承：Explaination:how,Examples,起：Statement: what,承：Explanation: how,Example,Structure of a paragraph,解释例证关系常用词：in fact, in other

5、words , or rather（更确切的说), for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, actually, that is to say 等,解释例证关系,Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. 1 . Ideas about social class whether a person is “working - class” or “middle - class” are o

6、ne area in which changes have been extremely slow. A. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. B. Such changes could be apparent in the whole society.,Example 3,Method,转折关系词：(but, however, yet , nevertheless, still, whereas, on the contrary, by cont

7、rast, in comparison, instead , otherwise, etc.),起：Statement+,转：Statement-,Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp Everyone is forgetful. As we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit and that can be a very annoying thing. _1_.Read on for some techniques worth trying. A. Luckily, rese

8、arch shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. B. Some of us may even feel anxious and easily get angry.,Method,带感情色彩的副词：(unfortunately, luckily, surprisingly),Example 4,起：Statement+,转：Statement-,转折对比关系 起Statement + 转Statement -,转折对比关系常用词：but, however, yet , nevertheless, still, whatev

9、er, whoever , whereas, on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison, instead , otherwise, etc.,带感情色彩的副词 (unfortunately, luckily, surprisingly),转折对比关系,Task 1,1.Work in groups of four and discuss how the writer organizes and develops the paragraph .,2.Build a mind map to present your varied logical coh

10、erence and related linking words.,possible version:,对比转折,解释例证,At first I was paid in candy. 1 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. Later I received 50 cents an hour. B. Before long, she le

11、t me sit there by myself. C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.,时空顺序关系：指各句子只能按事物发展的过程有先而后的顺序排列，不可随意改变次序，通常出现于记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中。,时空顺序常用连接词： first, next , then two years ago ,later, after that finally etc.,Tired office w

12、orkers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 1 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. Some people dont like Muzak. B. The music gives them extra energy. C. Music is playing in the background. D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E

13、. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.,并列关系：指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相属， 而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题，可以改变次序。,并列关系常用连接词： and, also, further, moreover, whats more, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also.,It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls,

14、messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. _1_ The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. A. Making new friends comes easy for some people. B. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. C. So you will need to give your fr

15、iend time to react to you.,因果关系常用连接词：so, therefore, thus, because, as a result等,A serious problem for todays society is who should be responsible for the elderly and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like

16、 to suggest several possible solutions to this problem. First, employers should take responsibility for their retired employees. Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. _1

17、_Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.,A.To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. B. Its unfair to let the social organization shoulder all the responsibility.

18、C. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose.,概括总结关系常用连接词： to sum up, in short, in summary, in general, to conclude , in conclusion, in a word, on the whole,过渡性句子 杨柳枯了，又再青的时候; 桃花谢了，有再开的时候; 聪明的你，告诉我，我们的日子 为什么一去不复返呢？,If swallows go away, they will come back ag

19、ain; If willows wither, they will turn green again; If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. _, our days go by ,never to return. _we shouldnt make this moment for nothing.,Appreciation,However,So,Finish Passage 26 on Page 129 in 二轮突破by yourself.,Task 3,E. But even 200 years ago, only a few pe

20、ople could live in cities.,逻辑关系：解释关系,Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. _1_ In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until

21、 the 20thcentury that Great Britain became the first urban society in historya society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.,结构：起承合（例证）,Britain was only the beginning. _2_ The process of urbanizationthe migration (迁徙) of people from the countryside to the cityw

22、as the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.,D. Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.,时空顺序关系,In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. _3_,B. The rest live in small towns.,并列关系,Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninetyfive people on farms to feed five people in cities. _4_ Until modern times, those living