国际商务管理 Topic 3-4.ppt

1、Topic 3,Business Objectives,Time arrangement: 2 periods Aims: To learn six types of business objectives and their importance To master some useful phrases and expressions concerning business activity in English,Key words and phrases,1. business objectives 2. shareholders 3. survival 4.growth 5. sale

2、s revenue maximization 6. profit maximization 7. managerial objectives 8. social responsibility 9. delegate 10. social status 11. sacrifice,Definition of Business objectives,Business objectives are the goals of a business- what the business wants to achieve. All business have their own objectives.,S

3、ix type of business objectives,1. survival 2. profit maximization 3. growth 4. managerial objectives 5. sale revenue maximization 6. image and social responsibility,1. survival,1) in the early stages of trading 2) when trading becomes difficult 3) when there is danger of take-over,Lack experience an

4、d resources Meet with strong competition Face falling demand, bad debts Low confidence for its future. Otherwise, the business ownership will be changed,2. Profit maximization,Definition: profit maximization means increasing profit as much as possible or producing a level of output which brings the

5、most profit for the business Short-term profit maximization VS Long-term profit maximization (sacrifice),3. Objective of growth,Some reasons for growth as a business objective: 1) To survive, no growth may mean “final death” 2) To introduce new products in order to meet customer changing needs. 3) T

6、o reduce risks of business: a weaker business in competition will be eaten up by a stronger one. 4) To have low costs and more profits on a larger scale 5) To make employees, managers and owners all feel happy and secure,4. Managerial objectives,The owners of the business: strategic decisions The ma

7、nagers of the business: control and run the company,Some managerial objectives:,Maximize their departmental budgets Maximize number of employees under their control or in their charge Maximize their leisure of free time Maximize their personal salary Delegate as much work as possible Improve their s

8、ocial status or position,5. Sales revenue maximization,Sales revenues (short-term) Profit created (more important),6. Image and social responsibility,Reasons for the importance of image and social responsibility in a business: 1) government legislation: to protect workers 2) competition pressure: th

9、e priority of the customers 3) benefits for the business: good image may make good profit,Discussion,Case study Questions for discussion: 1) What is meant by social responsibility as a business objective? 2) What main projects had the company supported? 3) Why might the company have there objectives

10、 of social responsibility? 4) Suggested how people in the community and Marks &Spenser might benefit from the company/s social responsibility programs.,Topic 4,Business Decision Making,Time arrangement: 2 periods Aims: To learn the constraints and factors affecting decision-making. To master some us

11、eful phrases and expressions concerning business activity in English,Key words and phrases,1. business decision making 2. risk elimination 3. decision makers 4. strategic decisions 5. tactical decisions 6. operational decisions 7. managerial objectives 8. internal constraints 9. decision techniques,

12、The reasons for business decisions,1. to solve unexpected problems 2. to be forced to make decisions 3. to better achieve business objectives Decision making involves risks,What decisions are made by a business,1. what new machines to buy 2. what product to produce 3. how the price of product should

13、 be decided 4. whether to raise or lower the price 5. who should be sent to a task 6. whether a new product should be developed 7. how to select suppliers,Who makes what decisions in a business,owners Managers All employees,Strategic decisions Tactical decisions Operational decisions,Constraints on

14、decision making,Internal constraints 1) finance 2) peoples ability 3) existing company policy 4) cultural issues,External constraints 1) government legislation 2) competition and competitors 3) economic environment 4) modern technology,Factors affecting the quality of decision,1) training 2) quality of information 3) ability to use decision techniques 4) peoples ex