分词作状语与定语.ppt

1、,非谓语动词作定语及状语 基础讲练 Lemon,考查非谓语动词作定语 不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有 “动宾关 系”, 即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受 者; 如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式 动词后加上相应的介词。 Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. He was the last one to leave school yesterday. The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.,2

2、. 现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关系”，即现在分词用主动式时，被修饰的名词正在执行其动作；现在分词用被动式时，被修 饰的名词正在承受其动作(即与名词是动宾关系),Please tell the children playing outside not to make so much noise., The factory making (= that makes) such tools is a small one run by Tom. They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. Barking dogs seldom

3、 bite. The building being built will be completed next year.,（=who are playing),过去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有“动宾关系”，表 示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。 Some of the experiments _ in the book are easy to perform. A. describing B. to be described C. described D. to describe It is said that Beijing University was the first i

4、nstitute of higher learning_ in China. A. established B. being established C. to be established D .having been established,C,A,Practise 1). The wild flower looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover. 2). There have been several new events _ to the pro

5、gram for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added 3). The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. being recorded,A,D,A,4). Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are

6、 pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 5)The English exam is not difficult, is it?_. Even Tom _ to the top students failed in it. A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging,C,C,6). The flowers _ sweet in the botani

7、c garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 7). A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江苏） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted,该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语 修饰主语 flowers。,“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表

8、示被动。,B,C,3.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是： 现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表 示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表 示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如： The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importan

9、ce.,discussed,being discussed,to be discussed,4.只有单个动名词能做定语，放在所修饰的名词前表示所修饰的名词的用途。 There is a swimming pool in the back yard. Only after repeated practice can we improve our teaching method. 注：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别： 现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作。 flying fish 飞鱼 a running dog 走狗 a falling tide 落潮 a crying boy 哭着的孩子,

10、(= a pool for swimming),(=a method for teaching),(=A boy is crying ),考查非谓语动词作状语 能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。,1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因： Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen. （结果状语） Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice. （目的状语） Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress. (原因状语),不定式短语放在句首多作目的

11、状语，在句 末多作原因状语，结果状语。,2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式： 1). Given a chance, I can surprise the world. （条件状语） 2). Comingintotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry. （时间状语） 3). Beingtired,theywentonworking. 4). Havingbeenhitbythebigboyonthenose,the littleboybegantocry. 5). Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled, loo

12、kingratherpleased.,（让步状语）,（原因状语）,（伴随状语）,Practise 1). When _(heat) water will be changed into vapour. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 3) Generally speaking, when _(take) acc

13、ording to the directions, the drug has no side effect. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon.,heated,heating,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,3.分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly

14、. 2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 关于分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题，在试题中 可以看到各种不同的命题技巧。,F,T,T,(True or false),The key_，she went through her handbag carefully. A. hadnt been found B. having not been found C. not having been found D. wasnt found

15、 试题分析： 选项A、D均为谓语形式，选择其中的任何一项 前半部分便成为一个分句，与后面的分句必须使用 连词。以表示前后分句的逻辑关系，因此全部排除。 选项B是现在分词的完成被动式，凡非谓语动词的否 定形式，not必须加在最前面，因此也应排除。not having been found同其逻辑主语the key构成独立主 格结构，作原因状语。本试题中句子的主语 she不能 充当分词的逻辑主语。,C,_ you should have no trouble with the difficult work. A. Knowing this B. If you are knowing this C.

16、 From knowing this D. If you have knowing this 试题分析：分词作状语时一般都可以转换为状语从句。本试题的选项B、D作为条件状语从句，时态不正确，应该排除。选项 A 的knowing this 的逻辑主语同句子的主语一致，符合要求，为正确答案。,A,Written in a hurry, _ . How can it be satisfactory? A. they found many mistakes in the report B. Sam made lots of mistakes in the report C. there are ple

17、nty of mistakes in the report D. the report is full of mistakes 试题分析：这时一道非常典型的试题。四个选项均为 完整的句子，初看起来似乎不容易领悟试题的意图。 其实，本题的意图仍然是考察分词作状语的知识。抓 住试题意图就容易产生正确的思路哪个句子的主 语能够同过去分词written的逻辑主语一致。沿着这个 思路向前走，不难想到the report was written in a hurry, 试题的答案不言自明。,D,1). - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every da

18、y? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 2). In order to make our city green, _. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees,C,D,3). _ the genera

19、l state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 4). He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope,given 作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于 considering。,注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的 to get 。,B,A,现

20、在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别 1). European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world . A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自 然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语 时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果,A,A,1). _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar a