初中动词不定式

1、初中动词不定式和动名词的用法,授课人 张杰,动词不定式的用法,动词不定式的基本形式及其否定形式,1.基本形式为to+动词原形（ eg：to work）， 有时省略符号to（ eg：work） 2.否定形式为 not/never+动词不定式,动词不定式的功用,1.作主语 2.作表语 3.作宾语 4.作定语 5.作状语 6.作补语 7.作独立成分,作主语,1.to learn a foreign language is not easy. 2.to see is to believe. 3.its not easy to learn a foreign language. 4.its your t

2、urn to clean the room. 5.it took them four days to arrive there.,作表语,1.the best way to improve your english is to join an english club. 2.my wish is to be a singer. 3.the first thing is to greet the teacher.,作宾语(1),1.ann wants to get her ears pierced. 2. he prefers to eat white bread and rice. 3. id

3、 love to visit mexico.,只能带动词不定式不能带动名词作宾语的动词,aim旨在 agree 同意 offer 提出 plan打算 ask 要求 promise 答应 help帮忙 prepare 准备 decide 决定 refuse拒绝 dare 敢于 choose 选择 wish想要 hope希望 expect期望预计 fail没有 pretend 假装 seem似乎 learn学会 manage 设法做成 afford担负得起 would like/love想要,作宾语（2）,1. i find it difficult to remember everything.

4、 2.he feels it frustrating to watch english-language tv. 3.we think it a good idea to go hiking. 注：动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语动词不定式放在形容词或名词后面，句子结构是： 主语+feel / find / make / think +it+ adj. / n.+ to do.。,作宾语（3）,1.we are very glad to see you. 2.im sorry to hear that. 3.they are sure

5、to come. 注：有些表示思想感情的形容词（包括已变成形容词的分词）后面可接动词不定式，这种不定式也可叫做宾语。如：excited，able, afraid, anxious, careful, free, lucky, ready, willing等。,作定语,1.he was the first one to arrive. 2.i dont have a partner to practice english with. 3.do you have anything to say ?,作状语,1.we stayed there to see what would happen.表目的

6、 2.i feel very lucky to have lucky。表原因 3.im too tired to do well.表结果 4.he is old enough to look after himself.表结果,作补语（宾补）(1),1. who told you to do that ? 2. id invite her to have dinner at my house. 3.the drivers carelessness caused the accident to happen.,带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词,ask请求 force强迫 invite邀请 trai

7、n训练 order命令 want想要 direct指导,get使 beg恳求 drive驱使 cause导致 warn警告 lead引导 encourage鼓励,allow允许 hate讨厌 like喜欢 leave听任 need需要 teach教 require需要,prefer更喜欢 advise建 show演示 tell吩咐 urge强烈要求 wish希望,宾补（2）,3.who made the little girl cry ? 4.did you hear someone enter the house? 注：用不带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词主要是感官动词和使役动词 see, w

8、atch，hear, feel，notice ，have, let, make。,注意,help的宾补，不定式也可带to也可不带。 help sb (to) do,作补语（主补）,1.teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 2.the bird was let to fly. 3.he is made to work ten hours a day. 注：(1)省略to的动词不定式作宾补 ，在变为被动语态的句子后成为主补时，符号to要加上。,作独立成分,1.id like to stay healthy, but to

9、be honest, i only eat food that tastes good. 2.to begin with, she spoke too quickly, and i couldnt understand every word. 3.to tell the truth, i dont think so.,动词不定式的复合结构,1.its necessary for us to learn english well.作主语 2.its very nice of you to say so.作主语 3.its time for us to set off.作定语 4.this is

10、for you to decide.作表语,用of还是for,of前的形容词是honest，bad，cruel，rude，careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，说明人的特性。 for前的形容词是dangerous, difficult, hard, important, interesting, easy，necessary等，说明不定式动作的特性。,疑问词+不定式,1.where to go is not decided yet.作主语 2.the question is which to choose.作表语 3.i dont

11、know what to try next. 作宾语,不定式的时态和语态,they seem to have finished the work. he pretended to be doing his homework when i entered his room. the shoes need to be repaired. =the shoes need repairing.,省去动词原形的不定式,-would you like to join us? -id love to. dont go till i tell you to.,一些固定的动词不定式用法,would rather

12、 do than do宁愿做而不愿做 prefer to do rather than do宁愿做而不愿做 try ones best to do尽力去做 be supposed to do应该做 had better do最好做 cant wait to do等不及要做 do nothing but do除了做什么都做不了 have no choice but to do除了做别无选择,动名词的用法,动名词的形式和否定形式,动词原形 + ing ( eg: studying) not/never +动名词 ( eg: not reading),动名词的功用,作主语 作宾语 作表语 作定语,作

13、主语,listening can help. smoking is not allowed here. its so nice talking to you. its a waste of time explaining it to her.,作宾语,i suggest doing it in a different way. we often got excited about something and end up speaking in chinese. have you finished reading the book?,只接动名词不能接动词不定式作宾语的动词,avoid避免 su

14、ggest建议 consider考虑 imagine 想象 include包括,mind介意 keep一直 stop阻止 advise建议 practice练习,risk冒危险 miss错过机会 enjoy喜欢 finish完成,只接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的短语动词,put off 推迟 be worth值得 give up放弃；戒除 hold on to坚持 be busy忙于 feel like想要 end up以结束,keep on一直；反复不断 pay attention to注意 look forward to期待 be/get used to习惯 cant help忍不住 in

15、sist on坚持,作介词宾语用于一些固定结构,spend.(in) doing stop/prevent/keep sb from doing have fun/trouble/problems/difficulty /confidence (in) doing,作表语,reading is learning. her hobby is collecting stamps. the main thing is getting there on time.,作定语,he walks with a walking stick. there is a swimming pool near my h

16、ouse. you cant talk loudly in the reading room.,动名词的复合结构,would you mind my closing the door? do you mind me sitting beside you?,既可接动词不定式也可接动名词意义区别不大的词,begin hate like love start prefer,接动词不定式和动名词意义不同的词,1.i remember telling you that. please remember to bring it here. 2.hell never forget hearing her s

17、inging. dont forget to post the letter for me.,3.he stopped smoking last week. he stopped to smoke.(状语) 4.they went on discussing. they went on to discuss other problems.(状语),exercises,1i dont allow _ in my drawing room. i dont allow my family _ at all. a. smoking；to smoke b. to smoke；smoking c. to

18、smoke；to smoke d. smoking；smoking 2your clothes need _. a. washed b. to be washed c. to wash d. being washing 3this bike is not worth _. a. to be repaired b. of repairing c. to repair d. repairing,a,b,d,4_ is better to love than _. a. that, to be loved b. that； be love c. it； be loved d. it； to be l

19、oved 5-what do you think about english? -its a difficult language _. a. speaking b. to be spoken c. to speak d. spoken 6he would rather stay at home than _ out with you.a. go b. to goc. going d. goes,d,c,a,7im considering _ your offer.a. to have accepted b. being acceptedc. accepting d. to accept 8-

20、whats made rose so upset?-_ three tickets to jay chous concert.a. lost b. losingc. because of losing d. since she lost 9we are both looking forward to _ next week.a. going on vacation b. go on vacationc. be going on vacation d. have gone on vacation,c,b,a,10the story was so funny that we _.a. couldn

21、t help laugh b. cant but laughc. couldnt help laughing d. couldnt help but to laugh 11dont forget _ this book to john when you see him.a. to return b. returningc. return d. to returning 12-its getting very late. maybe we shouldnt go.- no, lets go. getting there late is better than _ at all.a. we dont arrive b. to arrive notc. not to arrive d. not arriving,c,a,d,13remember _ the newspaper