杰克PPT课件.ppt

1、,（18761916）,Jack London,杰克伦敦,1,Contents,Introduction,Representative Works,The Call of the Wild,2,Company Logo,一.,Introduction,3,Company Logo,Introduction,Born John Griffith Chaney January 12, 1876 San Francisco,California, US Died November 22, 1916(aged40) Glen Ellen ,California, US Occupation Novel

2、ist,journalist,short storywriter and essayist Literary movement RealismandNaturalism,4,Company Logo,Introduction,John GriffithJackLondon (bornJohn Griffith Chaney, January 12, 1876 November 22, 1916)was an American author, journalist, and social activist. Jack Londons mother was Flora Wellman, an ec

3、centric古怪的，反常的 woman from a wealthy Ohio family who was both a spiritualist 唯心论者；巫师 and music teacher .London ,who never saw his real father ,took the name of his stepfather . Even though he grew up in extreme poverty ,but with an intellectual energy that matched his physical strength， he still comp

4、leted high school,5,Company Logo,And spent semester reading prodigiously 巨大地 as a special student at the University of California. London died November 22, 1916, At the time of his death, he suffered from dysentery痢疾 , uremia尿毒症 , and late stage alcoholism酗酒；内科 酒精中毒 ; he was in extreme pain and taki

5、ng morphine 毒物药 吗啡 , and it is possible that a morphine overdose, accidental or deliberate, may have contributed to his death.,London in 1903,6,Company Logo,He was a pioneer in the burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity

6、and a large fortune from his fiction alone. In 1929 the journal of the American progressive new people praise in London is really a proletarian writer, the first and so far the only one with the proletarian writer of genius 1929年美国进步杂志新群众中赞誉伦敦是一个真正的无产阶级作家，美国第一个也是到此为止唯一有天才的无产阶级作家,Introduction,7,Compa

7、ny Logo,London at the age of nine with his dog Rollo, 1885,Jack with daughters Becky (left) and Joan (right),8,Company Logo,The old Winery Cottage, where London died (in the leftsleeping porch) on November 22, 1916,London writing, 1905,9,Company Logo,Representative Works,二.,10,Company Logo,Represent

8、ative works,White Fang (1906) 白牙,Martin Eden 1909 马丁伊登,The Iron Heel (1908) 铁蹄,Love of Life (1905) 热爱生命,The Sea Wolf (1904) 海狼 ,The son of the wolf(1900)狼子,The People of the Abyss(1903深渊中的人们,The Call of the Wild (1903) 野性的呼唤,works,11,Company Logo,White Fang describes his wolf-dog get used to the hum

9、an world, and finally even sacrifice themselves to save the master the touching story of life. 白牙叙述了一只狼狗逐渐习惯人类世界，最后甚至牺牲性命以挽救主人生命的感人故事,12,Company Logo,Political fantasy fiction “The Iron Heel ”, depicts the workers movement, points out that capitalism has the possibility to totalitarianism(极权主义), he

10、also done the very prescient (预知的)warnings to the rise and the destruction of fascism .,The Iron Heel,13,Company Logo,Semi-autobiographical novel Martin Eden. The first half of the novel with strong autobiographical, based on the authors early life experience and process of later became famous. The

11、novel demonstrated the optimism and energy of Jack London during he engaged in the writing , but also reveal the cruelty of capitalist society and the worship of money.,14,Company Logo,A drawing of Wolf Larsen,15,Company Logo,The novel vividly reflects his understanding for the principle of the surv

12、ival and individual will . Wolf Larsen ,the ruthless, amoral protagonist主角 of the latter book, best realized the ideal of the “superman”,无同情心,不讲道德,“superman”,人物,理念,16,Company Logo,17,Company Logo,三.,The Call of the Wild,18,Company Logo,1.Background 2.Plot summary 3.Genre 4.Themes 5.Writing style,Con

13、tents,19,Company Logo,1.Background,Jack London grew up in extreme poverty, who was arrested for vagrancy(流浪，漂泊) in prison. After prison because of the influence of the gold rush in Alaska, join the gold, but due to illness left empty-handed, but back to the rich material of North story. Since then,

14、his hard reading, busy writing, realized the dream of get rid of poverty through their own efforts. Twists (曲折)and turns of life, become the source of his literary creation. He had stayed in Alaska clone dick area for a long time, afterwards, this place has become the call of the wild the background

15、 of the book.,20,Company Logo,书中的主角巴克, 就是以他在那里所遇见的一只狼狗为雏形塑造的。作品不仅揭露了资本主义社会的弊端,表现了对劳动人民顽强意志的歌颂和苦难生活的同情, 同时也通过简洁明快的文字展现了具有西方特色的“人性”观以及对最原始的“野性”的礼赞,在作品中我们可以看到“人性”与“野性”达到了矛盾的对立统一, 也正是在这种对立统一中, 折射出了作者所信奉的“适者生存”的社会进化论思想和尼采式的“超人”哲学观念。,21,Company Logo,2.Plot summary,The story is set in Alaska gold rush, tel

16、ls the story of dangerous surroundings in the north, buck in order to survive, how to from a southern domesticated dog to like dogs not dogs, like a Wolf savage state process. Buck is a gigantic 庞大的hybrid dog, it was from the south steal and sell their host, began to set foot on the path of gold aft

17、er the tortuous弯曲的, become a hard dog sled雪橇. In the process of brutal tame驯服的, it realized the justice and the law of nature; Harsh environment make it understood the cunning and fraud, then it will be cunning and fraud骗子 to let a person out. After a brutal, the life-and-death struggle, finally, it

18、 established the position of leading a dog. Master switch several times on our way to the hard sledding, buck and finally a master Thornton forged a deep bond of inseparable. The master had rescued him from extreme heavy labor, and it has many times to rescue it from the call of the wild of the mast

19、er. Finally, in its host suffered from love, after it came to the wilderness, respond to it along the way to listen to many times, very yearning 向往的of that kind of the call of the wild, and become the princes.,22,Company Logo,整个故事以阿拉斯加淘金热为背景，讲述了在北方险恶的环境下，巴克为了生存，如何从一条驯化的南方狗发展到似狗非狗、似狼非狼的野蛮状态的过程。巴克是一条硕

20、大无比的杂交狗，它被人从南方主人家偷出来并卖掉，几经周折后开始踏上淘金的道路，成为一条拉雪橇的苦役犬。在残酷的驯服过程中，它意识到了公正与自然的法则；恶劣的生存环境让它懂得了狡猾与欺诈，后来它自己将狡猾与欺诈发挥到了让人望尘莫及的地步。经过残酷的、你死我活的斗争，它最后终于确立了领头狗的地位。在艰辛的拉雪橇途中，主人几经调换，巴克与最后的一位主人桑顿结下了难分难舍的深情厚谊。这位主人曾将他从极端繁重的苦役中解救出来，而它又多次营救了它野性的呼唤 的主人。最后，在它热爱的主人惨遭不幸后，它便走向了荒野，响应它这一路上多次聆听到的、非常向往的那种野性的呼唤，并且成为了狼群之首。,23,Compan

21、y Logo,杰克伦敦的动物小说野性的呼唤和雪虎这一对姊妹篇结合起来分析,发现小说暴露了作家这一时期真实的内心世界:“布克”和“雪虎”不同的生命轨迹构成的命运之“圈”,是作家内心世界里精神追求与生活追求之间矛盾冲突的折射,“布克”代表着作家激越的精神追求对社会和统治者的叛逆反抗,对自由、独立、尊严的追求,对返璞归真、回归自然生活的向往;“雪虎”则表明了作家的生活态度压抑本性、适应环境,做生存竞争中的成功者。作家内心世界里这一矛盾冲突源自其同时信仰了几种相互矛盾的哲学和社会观,作家至终也未挣脱这一矛盾之“圈”。,Company Logo,24,Company Logo,Genre,Adventu

22、re novel,G E N R E,3.,3.,25,Company Logo,The primary theme of the story is of survival and a return toprimitivism 本能力量的回归 The Call of the Wild is about the survival of the fittest. （物竞天择，适者生存) Superman philosophy （Buck is the embodiment(化身） of superman ）,Theme,4.,26,Company Logo,5.Writing style,这部脍炙

23、人口的动物小说, 开创了一种新体裁的写作风格, 选择巴克作为故事的主人公是富有深意的。 巴克是一只狗, 是跨越了人类和狼两种群体的生命形式,“他连接了过去和现在”。狗是人类文明的产物, 是从狼演变而来的, 没有人类文明, 它们大概仍旧只会在黑夜的荒原上嗥叫。从这个角度说, 从狼到狗是一道文明的履痕。犬科动物与灵长目建立起来的联系不像驯养马那样具有创造历史的意义,却也构成了可能对人类社会和文明产生持久而重要影响的一种共生。 人类从荒原时代进入文明的社会是一种进步, 但人类从开始分享文明的盛宴时,也就开始了自身的堕落。对于我们这些在现代文明中早已被驯化, 且无知于这种驯化的人类而言, 这本书无疑为

24、我们开拓了另外一片视野。,27,Company Logo,野性的呼唤中, 巴克经历人类的残暴和无情, 在艰难的自然环境中完成了从一只无忧无虑的宠物到为生存而战的狼的回归。他和人的情感也随着情节而起伏, 一开始依赖着主人而生活, 对主人忠心耿耿, 对人类充满了信任;被偷走后开始遭受人的虐待, 渐渐激发起心底的野性, 开始对人有了敌意; 在北方拉雪橇遭毒打时被救, 和他的恩人建立了真挚的感情; 可当他的朋友被杀后, 巴克替他报了仇,与人类的关系也到此结束, 回到原野, 成为一只完完全全的狼。在这个转变过程中, 可以清楚地发现环境对激发巴克体内的野性起着重要作用。当他面对人们的棍棒时, 也曾困惑过,

25、 可他很快就意识到只有通过自己的力量才能获得生存空间。当他被愤怒激起的野性让他在对方眼中看到了恐惧, 更使他的野性开始升腾。在寒冷的北方, 为生存而战, 与其他狗进行厮打, 杀死对头史必兹后, 他祖先留给他的狼的野性更为凸显。这时巴克表现出的人性只在与他所深爱的主人的情感上, 而这份人性也随着主人的被杀而被埋藏在心底深处, 他彻底地融入了荒野, 用狼的野性征服了荒野, 成为狼群的头领。由此可看到, 温和的环境, 使动物的野性被隐藏, 他们对主人的忠实和爱, 给主人的保护和取悦, 都体现出他们本性中的人性的一面, 在这一点上甚至超出了某些人类; 而当环境的改变, 生存的欲望会激发出原始的野性。,Company Logo,28,Company Logo,和动物一样, 人类本身也隐藏着某些野性, 为了自身利益, 在物质欲望驱使下, 其野性便会显现出来, 在伦敦的许多作品中, 人类对生命的虐待与凶残就体现了这点。,Company Logo,29,Company Logo,巴克就是一面镜子, 透过他, 作者给我们展示出了现代社会中的所谓“人性”只有在安详的阳光普照的日子里才会表现出其绵羊般的善的一面, 这种“善”一旦遇到了“棍子和牙齿”, 便会毫不犹豫地、