独立主格结构.ppt

1、独立主格结构,Nominative Absolute Constructions,I. 独立主格结构的基本概念,由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。,逻辑主语+逻辑谓语,1.分词 doing done 2.动词不定式 to do 3.形容词 （being）+adj. 4.副词 adv 5.介词短语 prep.phrase,II. 独立主格结构的基本构成形式及功能,独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情

2、况。,1、名词或代词主格 + 分词,Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步。 The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。,2、名词或代词主格 + 不定式,The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了

3、。,3、名词或代词主格 + 形容词,Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。 The clothes very dirty, youd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧! It being fine, the kids are playing games outside the yard. 因为天气晴好，孩子们都在院子里玩游戏。,4、名词或代词主格 + 介词短语, Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers

4、 in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。,5、名词或代词主格 + 副词, The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。,III. 独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的异同,独立主格结构与分词

5、短语都可以转换为状语从句。 If time permits, wed better have a holiday at weekends. 转换为: Time permitting, wed better have a holiday at weekends. When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.转换为: Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.,独立主格结构转换为状语从句后,它有 自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致,

6、分词短语转换为状语从句后, 从句的主语与主句的主语一致,IV. 独立主格结构与独立成分的异同,1、有些分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语,实际上已经变成了习惯用法。 Generally speaking 总的说来, Frankly speaking 坦率地说 Judging from 从判断, Supposing 假设,等等。 Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand. 总的说来,这条规则很容易懂。 Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 由他所说

7、的来判断,他一定是一个诚实的人。,2、有些固定短语是带 to 的不定式,表明说话人的立场或态度,在句中作独立成分。 to be honest 老实说 to be sure 确实 to tell you the truth 说实话 to cut a long story short 长话短 to be frank 坦率地说 tomake matters / things worse 更糟糕的是 To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling. 说实话,我犯了一个拼写错误。 To make things worse, man

8、y of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work. 情况更糟的是,许多男人都去城市找工资较高的工作,而留下附近村庄的妇女来继续承担修复工作。,with，without 引导的独立主格结构,with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语， 宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。 （上面的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。) 1.The girl hid her box wit

9、hout anyone knowing where it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。 （without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式） 2.Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式） 3.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。 （with+名词/代词+动词不定式） 4.The boy was wal

10、king, with his father ahead. 父亲在前，小孩在后走着。 （with+名词/代词+副词） 5. He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。 （with+名词/代词+介词短语） 6.With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。 （with+名词/代词+形容词) 在with (without)

11、的复合结构中，多数情况with 能省略，但without 不能省略,Practice,I.划出下列句子中的独立结构部分： 1.In front of the house was a tall tree, its top well above the tops of the other trees. 2.The mid-term examination was over, the final examination to come in two months. 3.The boy stood there, his eyes full of tears. 4.A young policeman s

12、tood in the street, holding a little red flag, his face red with cold. 5.The teacher sat in her chair, surrounded by her students, a happy look in her eyes.,6.With nothing to eat, he died of hunger. 7.A tall man came into the bank, wearing a pair of dark glasses, his face hidden by an upturned colla

13、r and a cap pulled over his brows. 8.Mary left the office with tears in her eyes. 9.Such being the case, you have no reasons for dismissing him. 10.He lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast, and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.,II.用独立结构改正下列句子中的错误,1.Being freez

14、ing cold, she had to dress herself in warm clothes. It being freezing cold， 2.Having finished his homework, we went home. He having finished his homework,we went home. 3.A young mother was taking a walk in the schoolyard, followed her little son. her little son following her. 4.His bike wrong, he ha

15、s to walk to school. Something being wrong with his bike,5.Tom rushed into my room, with his clothes covering with snow. covered 6.They were angry with their money to be stolen. with their money stolen.,单项填空,1.The lecture _, he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disture

16、d the speaker. A.began B.beginning C.having begun D.being beginning 2.Such _ the case, I have no other choices. A.being B.is C.was D.to be 3.Darkness _ in, the young people strolled on the streets. A.set B.setting C.has set D.was set 4.With all factors _ ,we think this program may be better than all

17、 the others in achieving the goal. A.being considered B.considering C.considered D.are considered,C A B C,5.A new technique _, the production increased by 20 percent. A.to have been worked out B.having worked out C.working out D.having been worked out 6.On the top was the clear outline of a great wo

18、lf sitting still, ears _, alert, listening. A.pointed B.pointing C.are pointed D.are pointing 7.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _, we didnt accept the offer. A.not being finished B.not having finished C.had not been finished D.was not finished 8.There are various kinds of metals, each _ its own properties (特性). A.has B.had C.to have D.having,D A A D,9.The