高中英语 Unit 3 Section 2 Learning about Language课件 新人教版必修5.ppt

1、Life in the future,Unit 3,Section Learning about Language,Unit 3,.单词拼写 1The two cars are running at all _ (速度) 2He lost his best _ (机会) 3Where did you go? Why is there so much _ (泥浆) on your shoes? 4Boys and girls, Ive made a few minor _ (调整) to the seating plan. 5After graduating from college, he c

2、hose to work in that _ (沙漠) region. 答案：1.speed2.opportunity3.mud4.adjustments5.desert,.短语互译 1_ 按下 2_ 加速 3search for _ 答案：1.press down2.speed up3.寻找,.语法运用 选出下列过去分词短语在句子中所充当的状语的种类。 A原因状语B让步状语 C条件状语D结果状语E时间状语 1Told that his mother was ill, Li Lin hurried home quickly. 2Broken down on the highway, his c

3、ar was carried away by the police. 3Given a few minutes, I will finish the work.,4Explained a hundred times, he still can not understand it. 5He fell off a tall tree, his leg broken. 1_2._3._4._5._ 答案：1.E2.A3.C4.B5.D,1.remind v. (1)sb.(about/of sth.)|sb. to do sth.|sb. that.提醒 Please remind me again

4、 nearer to the time of the interview. 到快面试时请再提醒我一下。 In case I forget, please remind me about it. 我要是忘了，请提醒我。 Remind me to answer that letter. 提醒我回复那封信。 I reminded her how much the fare was. 我提醒她车票的价钱。,(2)sb. of sb./sth.使想起(类似的人、地方、事物等) He reminds me of his brother. 我见到他便想起了他的哥哥。 This song reminds me

5、 of France. 我一听到这首歌就想起了法国。,比较网站 remind, memorize, remember 这些动词均有“记忆，记住，回忆”之意。,If I remember correctly, your brother went to Canada ten years ago. 如果我记得不错的话，你兄弟十年前就到加拿大去了。 The story reminds me of an experience I once had. 这个故事使我想起我的一次亲身经历。 If you memorize a poem, you can say it without looking at a

6、book. 你若记住一首诗，不看书就能脱口而出。,活学活用 用恰当词语填空 (1)_(remind)not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 答案：Remindedremind意为“提醒”。句意：在有人提醒不要耽误了1520的航班后，经理匆忙出发去机场了。主语the manager与动词remind为动宾关系，所以用过去分词，表被动。 (2)Mary, I reminded John _ his promise to help you. 剖析：of考查动词辨析。remind sb

7、.of sth.“提醒某人某事”。根据句意填of。,2swift adj. (1)(to do sth.)迅速发生的，马上做出的，迅速的 Theyve been very swift to deny these rumors. 他们在辟谣方面反应迅速。 (2)速度快的；敏捷的，矫健的 The river is too swift to swim. 这河的水流太急，不能游泳。,swiftly adv. 飞快地，迅速地，敏捷地,知识拓展 He walked swiftly towards home down the dark street. 他沿着黑暗的街道迅速地走回家去。 Nobody can

8、bring us swiftly, painlessly into the promised land. 无人能够把我们迅速地、毫无痛苦地带进理想之园。,活学活用 完成句子 我们应该迅速作出决定。 We should make_ _ _. 答案：a swift decision,3bend (1)v. (尤指人的身体或头部)(使)倾斜，偏向 She bent (over) to pick up a book from the floor. 她弯腰从地板上捡起一本书。 (使四肢等)弯曲 Touch your toes without bending your knees. 用手够到你的脚趾，膝盖

9、别弯曲。,把弄弯(或折起) Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易。 (使)拐弯，弯曲 The road bends to the right after a few yards. 这条路在几码远的地方转向右方。,(2)n. C(尤指道路或河流的)拐弯，弯道 I cant see if there is a car coming because there is a bend in the road. 我看不见是否有小汽车开过来，因为路上有个拐弯。 There is a sharp bend in the road here. 这段路上有一处急转弯。,图

10、解助记,bend ones mind/efforts to sth.致力于某事，专心致志于某事 bend sb. to sth.迫使，说服,知识拓展,活学活用 用恰当形式填空 Can you bend down and touch your toes without_ (bend) your knees? 答案：bending,4desert adj.沙漠的，荒凉的 One person can live on a desert island without being disturbed. 一个人生活在荒岛上就不会被打扰。 知识拓展 desert vt.抛弃；遗弃n沙漠，荒漠,Helen w

11、as deserted by her husband. 海伦被她丈夫抛弃了。 Few kinds of plants grow in the desert. 仅有几种植物在沙漠上生长。,活学活用 补全句子 这个党的很多传统支持者在上一次选举中抛弃了它。 Many of the partys traditional voters _ _ _ _ _ _. 答案：deserted it at the last election,1.speed up(使)加速 They have speeded up production. 他们加快了生产速度。 A technique uses two or mo

12、re input or output units in an attempt to speed up input and output operations. 为加速输入输出操作，采用了两个或多个输入输出部件的技术。,(1)常与speed搭配的短语： at a speed of. 以的速度 at speed 疾驶 reduce speed 减速 pick up/gather speed 加速 with all speed 全速 at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速 (2)speed up反义短语为slow down,知识拓展,活学活用 (1)补全句子 他们

13、正在加宽桥梁以加快车流速度。 They are broadening the bridge _ _ _ the flow of traffic. 答案：to speed up,(2)用恰当介词填空 I drove my car _ a speed of 150 kilometers an hour this afternoon. It was great fun. Did you go crazy? You could have killed yourself. 答案：at固定搭配：at a/the speed of“以的速度”。,2pick out (1)精心挑选 She was picke

14、d out from thousands of applicants for the job. 从数千人中挑选出她来做这份工作。 We had a lot of fun picking out a present for Mary. 我们觉得为玛丽选礼物很有趣。,(2)认出来，辨别出 It was just possible to pick out the hut on the side of the mountain. 那小舍坐落在山边，隐约可见。 She was able to pick out her attacker from these people. 她能够从这些人中辨认出袭击她的

15、人。,pick over用心挑选；筛选 pick off去除，剪除,知识拓展,Dont pick off any of these flowers. 这些花一朵也不要采摘。 The gardener picked off the dead flowers. 园丁把所有凋谢的花朵摘了下来。,活学活用 (1)补全句子 电影院里太黑我几乎辨认不出我的朋友。 It was so dark in the cinema _ _ _ _ _ _my friend. 答案：that I could hardly pick out,(2)用恰当的介副词填空 The child was so unique. Th

16、ough he was lost in the crowd, I easily picked him_. 答案：out,过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语之间构成逻辑上的“动宾关系”，即“被动关系”。过去分词短语作条件、原因以及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。,.过去分词作状语时的功能 1)原因状语 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了

17、一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didnt dare sleep in her room. 被夜晚的响声惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间里了。,2)时间状语 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及为何要做这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走进时，那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。,3)条件状语和假设状语

18、Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就可以避免了。,4)方式状语或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，

19、被感动得热泪盈眶。,5)让步状语 Beaten by the police, sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监牢，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。 Defeated again, he did not lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。,6)独立成分(插入语) Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening. 假如天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。 Put f

20、rankly, I dont agree with what he said. 坦白地说，我不同意他所说的话。,.与状语从句的转换 1)过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句。 Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。,2)作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从

21、句。 Given more time, she would certainly have done much better. If she had been given more time, she would certainly have done much better. 如果有更多时间的话，她一定会干得更好些。,3)作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because等引导的状语从句。 The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once

22、. 由于劳累，孩子们很快就睡着了。,4)作让步状语，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。 Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。,5)作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。 He began to cry as if bitten by a s

23、nake. He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。 6)作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。 Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter. Aunt Wu came in, and (she) was followed by her daughter. 吴大娘走进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。,知识拓展 1)现在分词与过去分词作状语在“逻辑”方面的差异： 现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语最主要的区别在于两者与所修饰的主语是主动还是被动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与

24、句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。,2)现在分词与过去分词作状语在“时间”方面的差异： 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在

25、说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动”动作，常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for短语)连用，此时不能被过去分词所替换。其他情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。,Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before. 他仔细读书时，

26、发现了一些从前不知道的东西。 Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 进行了几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。,3)部分过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(陷入某种状态)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hea

27、r the sound. 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。,4)过去分词用作状语时，前面往往带有when, if, while, though, even if等连词，这样就能使过去分词所表示的意义更加明确。这种带有连词的过去分词结构通常可看作是一种省略句，句中省略的部分总是“主语be的相应变化形式”，省略的主语通常与主句的主语相同。 When given a medical examination, you should keep ca

28、lm. 当你做体检时要保持镇定。 Because beaten twice a day, he was too afraid to go home. 因为一天被打了两次，他太恐惧了以至于不敢回家。,5)分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致；否则分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。 The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。 The footb

29、all match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球赛一结束，人群便涌到了大街上。,帮学助记 分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。 逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用ing, 被动用ed, having done表先后，千万要牢记。,高考真题改编 1(2014天津，7)Clearly and thoughtfully _(write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own

30、 answers. 答案：written考查非谓语动词。句意：因为清晰周到地被写出来，这本书鼓舞了想寻找自己答案的学生的自信心。the book与write之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词。,2(2014江西，31)_(spend)nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. 答案：Having spent考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：花光了我们差不多所有的钱，我们住不起旅馆了。动词spend与主语we之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语；又动作spent发生在主句动作couldnt afford之前，所以用having

31、 done形式作状语，表示主动，强调完成。,3(2014湖南，27)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _(stare)at the night sky. 答案：staring考查非谓语动词。所填词作伴随状语，与lying的动作同时进行，且与逻辑主语是主动关系，用ving的一般式，故填staring。,4(2014江苏，29)The lecture _(give), a lively questionandanswer session followed. 答案：ha

32、ving been given考查非谓语动词。a lively questionandanswer session followed“紧跟着是一个问答环节”，是句子主干，所以逗号前面部分是要用非谓语动词作状语，the lecture与give之间是被动关系，又give动作发生在follow动作之前，所以要用having been done形式作状语，即表示被动，又强调完成，故填having been given。,5(2013安徽，32)_(found)in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love

33、 of art. 答案：Founded考查非谓语动词。句意：建立于20世纪早期，这所学校一直激发着孩子们对艺术的热爱。此处为非谓语动词作状语，与句子的主语school之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。,专项练习 1_(lose)in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 答案：Lost句意为“由于陷入沉思，他差一点撞到前面的车上”。be lost in thought为固定搭配，意为“陷入沉思”。过去分词短语lost in thought在句中作原因状语。,2_(surround)by a group of journalis

34、ts and _ (turn)to nobody for help, the famous actress finally covered her face with a hat. 答案：Surrounded; turning句意为“被一群记者包围着而又无人可以寻求帮助，这位女演员最后用帽子捂住了脸”。句子的主语the famous actress与surround之间是动宾关系，与turn之间是主动关系，故用surrounded和turning作状语。,3_(mail)out automatically the email will be received by all the club m

35、embers. 答案：Mailed句意：这封电子邮件自动发出，俱乐部的所有成员都能收到。本题考查分词作方式状语。动词mail的逻辑主语是句子的主语email，邮件是被寄出，所以采用过去分词表示“被动”和“完成”的含义。注意：不定式短语在句中只能担任“目的状语”、“原因状语”和“结果状语”。,4My cousin came to see me from the country, _ (bring)me a full basket of fresh fruits. 答案：bringing句意：表兄从乡下来看我，给我带来了一篮子新鲜的水果。现在分词短语bringing me a full baske

36、t of fresh fruits在句中作伴随状语，表示与谓语动作同时发生的一个主动动作。,5Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ (compare)with his old one. 答案：comparedcompare与逻辑主语Michaels new house之间构成被动关系。句意：和旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子就像巨大的宫殿。,6_(give)the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international s

37、tars. 答案：Given考查非谓语动词用法。give所表示的动作与主句主语these teenage soccer players构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。句意：如果给予他们正确的训练，这些十几岁的足球运动员或许在将来的某一天会成长为国际巨星。,7_(face)all the difficulties，he never gave up. 答案：Facing句意：面对所有的困难，他从来没有放弃过。face是及物动词，多用于face sth.或be faced with sth.的结构中，故此处用现在分词作状语。,8_(face)with so much trouble, we fa

38、iled to complete the task on time. 答案：Faced句意：面对如此多的困难，我们没有准时完成任务。过去分词短语在句中作原因状语，转化为原因状语从句为：As we were faced with so much trouble，.其中，be faced with表示“面对，面临”。,9_(dress)in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 答案：Dressed句意：身穿白色制服，他看起来与其说是一位医生倒不如说是位厨师。本题考查过去分词作原因状语，相当于As he was dres

39、sed in a white uniform，.；其中，be dressed in表示“穿着”。,10“You cant catch me！” Janet shouted，_(run) away. 答案：running句意：“你抓不住我！”珍妮特喊着跑远了。现在分词running在句中作伴随状语，表示一个与谓语动词shout同时发生的主动动作。,11He glanced over at her, _(note)that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. 答案：noting句意：他瞥了她一眼，注意到尽管她身体纤弱，但看

40、起来小巧玲珑。分词(短语)在句中担任方式或伴随状语(通常位于句末)。此外，句子的主语he与动词note之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，应采用现在分词作状语，表示一个与谓语动词glanced at同时发生的动作。,12Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together，_(have)fun. 答案：having句意：爸爸并不介意我们做什么，只要我们一起玩得高兴就行。在as long as引导的条件状语从句中，现在分词短语having fun作伴随状语，表示一个与从句谓语动词were together同时发生的主动动作。,13

41、“We cant go out in this weather，” said Bob，_ (look)out of the window. 答案：looking句意：鲍勃双眼盯着窗外，说道“在这种天气状况下，我们不能外出。”分词(短语)在句中担任伴随状语。此外，动词look与句子的主语Bob在逻辑上构成主谓关系，且与谓语动词said同时发生，应采用现在分词的一般式。分词(短语)可以作方式或伴随状语(通常位于句末)，不定式不可以。,14The old man，_(work)abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 答案：having worked句意：在海外工作了20年后，那位老人即将重返祖国。本题考查现在分词的完成式在句中担任时间状语，相当于时间状语从句：After he has worked abroad for twenty years，.。,15They use computers to keep the traffic_ (run) smoothly. 答案：running句意：他们使用计算机来保持交通畅通无阻。keep表示“保持或继续处于的状态”，