课程复习天津外国语大学电子商务

1、题型：匹配（缩写与解释）1分*10 判断 1分*10 单选 2分*20 问答 8分*2 分析 10分+14分1、 EC：electronic commerce ,the process of buying, selling, transferring or exchanging products, services, or information via computer networks.2、 E-business: a broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and se

2、rvices, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization.3、 VANs: valued-added networks , networks that add communications services to existing common carriersLANs: local area networks 4、 IOSs: interorganizational infor

3、mation systems, communications systems that allow routine transaction processing and information flow between two or more organizations.5、 Intraorganizational information systems: communication systems that enable e-commerce activities to go on within individual organizations.6、 An EC framework Elec

4、tronic commerce applicationsDirect marketing; search jobs; online banking; e-government; e-purchasing; B2B exchanges; C-Commerce; social networks; e-learning; M-commerce; auctions; travel; online publishing; consumer servicesPeople Public policyMarketing and advertisementSupport servicesBusiness par

5、tnerships7、 classification of EC by the nature of the transactions or interactionsB2B: business-to-business, e-commerce model in which all of the participants are businesses or other organizations.B2C: business-to consumer, e-commerce model in which businesses sell to individual shoppers.(eg.e-taili

6、ng) 亚马逊B2B2C: business-to-business-to-consumer, e-commerce model in which a business provides some product or service to a client business that maintains its own customers. wishlistC2B: consumer-to-business, e-commerce model in which individuals use the internet to sell products or services to organ

7、izations or individuals who seek sellers to bid on products or services they need. 例子：PricelineC2C: consumer-to-consumer, e-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers. 例子：淘宝P2P: peer-to-peer, technology that enables networked peer computers to share data and processing with e

8、ach other directly; can be used in C2C. B2B, and B2C e-commerce.E2E: exchange-to-exchange, e-commerce model in which electronic exchanges formally connect to one another for the purpose of exchanging information8、 Web 2.0: the second- generation of internet-based services that let people generate co

9、ntent, collaborate, and share information online in perceived new wayssuch as social networking sites, wikis, communication tools, and folksonomies.9、 Digital economy: an economy that is based on digital technologies, including digital communication networks, computers, software, and other related i

10、nformation technologies; also called the internet economy, the new economy, or the web economy.(重点AVC曲线)10、 revenue models :sales ;transaction fees; subscription fees, advertising fees; affiliate fees; other revenue sources.11、 typical EC business modelsonline direct marketing; electronic tendering

11、systems for procurement (电子采购招标系统)name your own pricefind the best priceaffiliate marketingviral marketinggroup purchasingonline auctionsproduct customization and service personalizationelectronic marketplaces and exchangesinformation brokersbarteringvalue-chain integratorsvalue-chain service provid

12、erssupply chain improverssocial networks, communities, and bloggingnegotiation(商务谈判) 12、 市场的三大功能Markets have three main functions: (1) matching buyers and sellers (2) facilitating the exchange of information, goods, services, and payments associated with market transactions (3) providing an institut

13、ional infrastructure, such as a legal and regulatory framework that enables the efficient functioning of the market.13、e-marketplace: an online market usually B2B, in which buyers and sellers exchange goods or services; the three types of e-marketplaces are private, public and consortia.(电子市场类型)14、电

14、子市场的构成 The major components and players in a marketspace are customers, sellers, products and services, infrastructure, a front end, a back end, intermediaries, other business partners, and support services.15、电子市场的类型和商务类型 There are several types of e-marketplaces. The major B2C e-marketplaces are s

15、torefronts and internet malls. B2B e-marketplaces include private sell-side e-marketplaces, buy-side e-marketplaces, and exchanges. Storefront: a single companys web site where products or services are solde-mall: an online shopping center where many online stores are located. However , the term e-m

16、arketplace usually implies B2B(not B2C that is usually conducted in storefronts and malls). We distinguish two types of e-marketplaces: private and public. Private e-marketplaces: online markets owned by a single company, may be either sell-side or buy-side e-marketplacesSell-side: a private e-marke

17、tplace in which one company sells either standard or customized products to qualified companies.Buy-side: a private e-marketplace in which one company makes purchases from invited suppliers.Public e-marketplaces: B2B marketplaces, usually owned or managed by an independent third party, that include

18、many sellers and many buyers, also known as exchange.16、门户的类型 （types of portals） Commercial (public) portals Corporate portals Publishing portals Personal portals Mobile portals Voice portals Knowledge portals17、中间商 intermediaries : electronic intermediaries that provide or control information flow

19、in cyberspace, often aggregating information and selling it to others.18、无中间商与再中介化的区别 Disintermediation: elimination of intermediaries between sellers and buyers Reintermediation: establishment of new intermediary roles for traditional intermediaries that have been disintermediated.19、拍卖 auction: a

20、competitive process in which a seller solicits consecutive bids from buyers （forward auctions）or a buyer solicits bids from sellers (backward auctions). Prices are determined dynamically by the bids. 动态定价 dynamic pricing: prices that change based on supply and demand relationships at any given time.

21、 根据参与买卖双方的人数对动态定价进行分类：One buyer, one sellerOne seller, many potential buyers （forward auction）One buyer, many potential sellers ( reverse auction) (the name-your-own-price model)Many sellers, many buyers正向拍卖的类型：english and yankee auctions, in which bidding prices increase as the auction progresses;

22、dutch and free-fall auctions, in which bidding prices decline as the auction progresses.双向拍卖：double auction, auctions in which multiple buyers and their bidding prices are matched with multiple sellers and their asking prices, considering the quantities on both sides.纵向拍卖：vertical auction, auction t

23、hat takes place between sellers and buyers in one industry or for one commodity. 又称 auction vortal.20、易货 bartering: the exchange of goods or services. ( 实物交易)21、电子零售商业有哪些商务模式？ 根据分销渠道进行分类 classification by distribution channel (1) direct marketing by mail-order retailers that go online(2) direct mark

24、eting by manufactures(3) pure-play e-tailers(4) click-and-mortar retailers(5) internet malls22、顾客购买决定的过程 the consumer purchase decision-making process Initiator; influencer; decider; buyer; user(发起人、影响人、决定者、购买者、使用者) Need identification; information search; evaluation of alternatives; purchase and de

25、liver; after-purchase evaluation.23、cookie: a data file that is placed on a users hard drive by a remote web server, frequently without disclosure or the users consent, that collects information about the users activities at a site.24、顾客忠诚度 e-loyalty: customer loyalty to an e-tailer or loyalty progr

26、ams delivered online or supported electronically.满意度；信任度trust: the psychological status of willingness to depend on another person or organization.25、一对一市场的调研 market research for one-to-one Direct solicitation of information from customers and experts (surveys, focus groups) 在线调查 Observing what cust

27、omers are doing on the web Collaborative filtering26、clickstream data: data that occur inside the web environment, they provide a trail of the users activities (the users clickstream behavior) in the web site. Web mining: web mining explores both web content data mining techniques for discovering an

28、d extracting information from web documents and web usage.27、collaborative filtering 的3种类型 （1）rule-based filtering (2) content-based filtering (3)activity-based filtering28、在线广告方法 online advertising methods Banner swapping: an agreement between two companies to each display the others banner ad on i

29、ts web siteBanner exchange: markets in which companies can trade or exchange placement of banner ads on each others web sites.Interstitial: an initial web page or a portion of it that is used to capture the users attention for a short time while other content is loading.Advertorial: an advertisement

30、 disguised to look like editorial content or general information.29、B2B电子市场的基本类型 （1）one-to-many and many-to-one: private e-marketplaces (2) many-to-many: exchanges (public) (3) supply chain improvers and collaborative commerce30、B2B 的特点 （1）parties to the transaction: sellers, buyers, and intermediar

31、ies (2) types of transactions: spot buying and strategic sourcing (3) types of materials traded: direct and indirect (4) direction of trade: vertical or horizontal31、采购管理 procurement management: the planning, organizing, and coordinating of all the activities relating to purchasing goods and service

32、s needed to accomplish the organizations mission. 单独采购 maverick buying: unplanned purchases of items needed quickly, often at non-pre-negotiated higher prices.电子采购 e-procurement: the electronic acquisition of goods and services for organizations.32、CTE: consortium trading exchange, an exchange forme

33、d and operated by a group of major companies in an industry to provide industry-wide transaction services. 财团 CRM: consumer relationship management PRM: partner relationship management, business strategy that focuses on providing comprehensive quality service to business partners.33、supply chain: th

34、e flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customers. e-supply chain: a supply chain that is managed electronically usually with web technologies.34、supply chain management: a complex process that requires the coordin

35、ation of many activities so that the shipment of goods and services from supplier right through to customer is done efficiently and effectively for all parties concerned.e-supply chain management: the collaborative of use of technology to improve the operations of supply chain activities as well as

36、the management of supply chains.35、RFID: radio frequency identification, a technology that uses electronic tags instead of bar codes to identify items. RFID readers use radio waves to interact with the tags. IEEE: the institute of electrical and electronic engineers.36、collaborative commerce: the us

37、e of digital technologies that enable companies to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative EC applications.37、e-government: e-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information to businesses or individua

38、l citizens. 类型：government to citizens; Government to business Government to government Government to employees and internal efficiency and effectiveness38、e-learning: the online delivery of information for purposes of education , training, or knowledge management.39、C2C: consumer to consumer, e-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers.40、social network: