解读海明威的《一个干净明亮的地方》.ppt

1、rnest Hemingwa,1899-1961,Made by 罗贤晖、刘璁慧、苏艳辉、赵原,social status,American novelist and short-story writer One of the greatest American writers of the 20th century.,Works,Short Stories:The Snows of the KilimanjaroThe Hills Like White ElephantsA Clean Well-lighted PlaceThe Short Happy Life of Francis Mac

2、omber,But man is not made for defeat, a man can be destroyed but not defeated.,When he was young,Spanish Civil War,Ernest, Pauline, Bumby, Patrick, and Gregory Hemingway pose with marlins after a fishing trip to Bimini in 1935,When he got the Nobel Prize ,When he was 60 years old,Life,born in a smal

3、l town called Oak Park in Illinois near Chicago father: a successful physician, middle class, love fishing and hunting; mother: music teacher a happy childhood; a lover of brutal sports, such as boxing and football in middle school Though his father hoped him to be a physician, Hemingway refused to

4、enter university. He chose to be a reporter. During the WWI, he wanted to join the army but was refused because of his poor eyesight. Then Hemingway came to Italy to work as an ambulance driver. He was seriously wounded in the battlefield. The nightmarish war experience changed his life.,After the w

5、ar, he still worked as a reporter. He was sent to Paris and knew Pound, Gertrude Stein, Sherwood Anderson and some other famous writers who encouraged him to write. He also worked as a war reporter in the Spanish Civil War and the WWII. He is a tough guy with rather masculine manner. In all his life

6、, he loved tough games, such as boxing, hunting, deep-sea fishing, bullfight and so on. He was injured many times. In all the operations, 237 steel fragments were taken out from Hemingways body. He also suffered 3 car accidents and 2 air crushes. He was admired as a hero by lots of people and his li

7、fe style was imitated. In 1961, Hemingway shot himself with gun in his home.,Early Themethe Lost Generation,1. Definition Its a term coined by Gertrude Stein and Hemingway quoted it on the title page of The Sun Also Rises”You are all a lost generation”. Since then it is used to refer to the post-war

8、 generation who are devoid of religious and traditional values, exist only for feverish sensuality or are sustained only by their personal honor. Leading figures : Hemingway, William Faulkner, John Dos Passos, and F.S. Fitzgerald.,2 . The Causes of their Lost,1) Development of science and technology

9、, which outdates religion and traditional values. 2) development of humanity and individualism as a result of social development. 3) the WWIfurther destroyed peoples faith in traditional values.,Later Themes,1 Code Hero 2. Grace under Pressure 3. A Narcissistic and Tragic View of Life,Stylistic Feat

10、ures,1. General features: simple, fresh, clear diction , declarative sentences , antiphonal repetition and variation , concentration ,understatement 2. Iceberg Principle or Style The “dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water”. His style has the kind of mech

11、anism enabling readers to perceive more than what he says. 3. Metonymy as the Chief Device,The Lost Generation,The term “lost generation” was coined by Gertrude Stein, a lost generation writer herself, after World War I. It was between the first and second World Wars. Speaking to Ernest Hemingway, s

12、he said, you are all a lost generation.,A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Ernest Hemingway,INTRODUCTION,“A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” is considered a prime example of Hemingways craftsmanship and insight into the human condition. In this brief story, which was initially published in Scribners Magazine in

13、1933, he evoked an atmosphere of despair and loneliness almost entirely with dialogue and interior monologue.,Through these stylistic techniques Hemingway renders a complex series of interactions between an old waiter and his young colleague as the two men reflect on the ephemeral nature of happines

14、s and the inevitability of death. Much of the critical commentary on the short story focuses on a series of unattributed lines of dialogue.,Plot and Major Characters,Rendered almost completely in dialogue, the main action of “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” is set in a small caf in Spain, as two waiter

15、s prepare to close the establishment for the night. The place is empty except for a regular customer, a deaf old man drinking alone at one of the tables. Realizing that the old man is drunk, one of the waiters informs the other that the customer attempted suicide the week before. After the waiters w

16、atch a young man and woman pass on the street, the young waiter serves the old customer another brandy and voices his impatience to the old waiter, complaining that the old man is keeping him from his warm bed and the comfort of his wife.,They discuss the old mans suicide attempt and his possible re

17、asons for such a desperate act. When the old man gestures for another brandy, the young waiter tells him that it is closing time. After the old man pays his bill and leaves, the old waiter chides the young waiter for his lack of patience and empathy for the old man. He compares himself to the man, s

18、aying he understands the need for a clean, well-lighted place to be at night. After the caf closes, the old waiter stops at a bar for a drink before he goes home, dreading his return to an empty room.,CHARACTERS,The old man: rich, life was meaningless for him, committed suicide, drank excessively. T

19、he middle-aged waiter: sympathetic, realized that youth, love and passion must be followed by aging, despair and nothing. He also looked for order and meaning by staying in the clean, well-lighted cage, experiencing nothing. The young waiter: eager to go back home, confident and ignorant of truth of life.,Major Themes,light and