2018 报刊英语阅读lecture 2 新闻体裁

1、新闻体裁,Classification,News Reporting,News reporting in brief words is information about a recently changed situation or a recent event, which is the most basic , widely -and frequently- employed type of reporting. 消息是以简要的文字迅速报道新闻事实的一种体裁， 是最基本、 最广泛、最经常采用的新闻体裁。,Headline 标题,Composition 构成,Lead 导语,Body 正文

2、,News Reporting,According to the order of importance, news reports are divided into two forms: With an ascending order of importance 2. With a descending order of importance ,News Reporting,Inverted Pyramid Form,Events in Descending Order of Importance,News Reporting,Beginning Fact-1 Fact-2 Fact-3 .

3、 Fact-n Ending,Events in Ascending Order of Sequence,Minor,Important,Climax,Pyramid Form,body,News Reporting,Advantages 1）行文构思比较方便 2）可保持新闻事实比较完整的故事性 3）容易清楚的反映出新闻事件原委始末的脉络 4）制造悬念(suspended interest) ,增强读者兴趣 5）适合于报道故事性强、以情节取胜的事件 Disadvantages: 1)展开情节的节奏较慢，这种结构不适宜于报道“硬”新闻 2)对记者要求较高，要有一定的概括能力,Lead (导语）

4、The lead is the introductory portion of a news story. It displays in a significant way the most important elements in the news, such as the 5 “W”s and 1 “H” .,Lead (导语） The lead can be a sentence or several sentences, a paragraph or several paragraphs. An effective lead must be concise, lively, attr

5、active and informative: 1)captures the essence of the event 2)cajoles the reader into staying awhile,Great Beginnings,It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the

6、season of Light, it was the season of darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. -in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.

7、 A Tale of Two cities,If you really want to hear about it, the first thing your probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I dont feel like going into it, if you want to know the

8、truth. Catcher in the Rye,It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. pride and Prejudice,Mayor Lindsay listed facilities for public safety yesterday as his top spending for next year, shifting from his pledge of a year ago to

9、 make clean streets his first objective in capital expenditures. New York Times Mayor Lindsay dropped his broom and picked up the nightstick yesterday, setting law enforcement facilities as the top priority in the citys construction plans for the coming fiscal year. Daily News,News Reporting,Q1: Wha

10、ts the relationship between the headline, the lead and the news? Q2 :What are contained in the lead of news?,A lead is the first paragraph of a news story. It is an information-pact sentence that expands the headline of the news. It is also a kind of mini-news, the summary of the main story of the w

11、hole news.,Who When Where What Why How,Example,US Marines, launching a daylight helicopter operation from ships offshore，rescued 59 Americans on Sunday from the Liberian capital of Monrovia to protect them from what the White House said was imminent danger in that war torn nation - International Her

12、ald Tribune,Who: What: When: Why: Where: How:,.LONDONGuardianeditorAlanRusbridgeronTuesday vigorously defendedhisdecisiontopublishaseriesofarticles basedonthesecret filesleakedbyformerNationalSecurity AgencycontractorEdward Snowden,tellingaparliamentary committeethattherighttocontinue pursuingthesto

13、rygoesto theheartofpressfreedomsanddemocracy inBritain.,Who: What: When: Why: Where: How:,Example,Bad things happen to the husbands of the Widow Elkin. Someone murdered husband No.4, Cecil Elkin, apparently smashing his head with a frying pan as he watched “Family Feud” on TV. Husband No. 3, Samuel

14、Smilich, drowned in a weedy South Dade Canal. Husband No. 2, Lawrence Myers, can not be found. It is the murder of her fourth husband that got Margaret Elkin in trouble. She is accused of trying to hire a beekeeper to kill him. The trial is set for Sept. 9.,The prosaic way gave us a modern morality

15、tale with a climax. Delayed Lead,Example,Lead sentences should adhere to a 35-word limit whenever possible, for visibility as well as readability.,Lead Length,Feature Article,Definition: Feature article is a detailed and vivid presentation of news events, persons or circumstances in a creative and h

16、uman-interest way. Characteristic: 1).Feature articles are special and prominent and appears in several different forms. 2).They offer “news behind the news”(消息背后的消息) with more background information and more details.,Feature Article,Feature Article,Feature is an enlarged close-ups (放大的近影）, focusing

17、 on the important parts or episodes.（片段）,Feature Article,News are generally written in brief and concise words, which provide facts with strong timeliness（ 时效性）.,Features are written in more beautiful and flexible language, which not only provide facts to the readers but arouse readers curiosity wit

18、h more details and background information to make up for the lack of timeliness (news behind news 消息背后的消息).,Feature Article,Feature: prefer pyramid form or other more creative or less structured format, focusing on details and emotional description,Feature Article,Classifications（特写种类） （1）人物特写 (pers

19、onality profile; profile) （2）事件特写 (WHAT- feature) （3）旅游特写 (locality feature; travelogue) （4）亲历特写 ( personal-experience feature; eyewitness account; eye-account; I- account) ,When dialogue, action and description flow, the reader or listener is swept along, compelled to stay with the narrator. It is

20、a myth that readers have turned away from this and that in the age of picture and now the age of Internet, that readers dont want it.,I dont tell; I dont explain. I show; I let my characters talk for me. - Leo Tolstoy Make it happen; dont talk about its happening. - John Ciardi The reason that the A

21、merican boy prefers beauty to brains is that he can see better than he can think. -Farrah Fawcett,The grief-stricken parents wept during the service. The parents wept quietly. Mrs. Franklin leaned against her husband for support. Mary Johnson, 9, lay alongside the bodies of her slain family for near

22、ly two days. She believed she, too, would die of the bullet wounds inflicted by her mother. But Mary lived, and told ambulance attendants on her way to the hospital yesterday: “dont blame mother for the shootings.”,But after I had got them out and shut the door and turned off the light it wasnt any

23、good. It was like saying good-bye to a statue. After a while I went out and left the hospital and walked back to the hotel in rain. A Farewell to Arms,Ozan Kose,Another Child Canakkale, Turkey Turkish security forces retrieve a childs body on January 30 after at least 33 asylum seekers drowned when

24、their boat sank in the Aegean Sea while trying to cross to Greece. The boat was carrying refugees from Myanmar, Afghanistan and Syria. The U.K. announced limited plans to help unaccompanied child refugees, in addition to an earlier plan to accept 20,000 refugees from camps near the Syrian border. Ot

25、her countries in Europe are beginning to place limits on refugees, including Germany, which said those from Syria and Iraq will return to their home countries once the conflicts there end.,A man stands next to the body of a migrant child washed up on a Turkish beach on January 30, 2016. (AFP / Ozan

26、Kose),Canakkale, Turkey, February 1, 2016 - The baby is the first dead body I see when I get to the beach. He looks like he is nine or ten months old. He is dressed warmly and was wearing a hat. An orange pacifier is attached to his clothes. Near him floats a child of eight or nine years. Next to th

27、em a woman. Their mother perhaps.,I take a few photos. I walk along the beach. I see the body of another child on a rock. Later, I will have nightmares, I will spend hours not being able to speak. But at the moment, I dont really feel anything, to be honest. The Turkish police are collecting the bod

28、ies. They drowned the night before in the waters off this coast. There are so many bodies. I cant count them all. For the moment, no one is taking care of the dead baby. I return to him and stay there, for about an hour, silent. I have a baby boy who is five months and a daughter who is eight years

29、old. I ask myself what I would do if this were my baby. I ask myself what is happening to humanity.,I have been in Turkeys Cannakale region for several days. Its a coastal region on the Turkish side of the Aegean Sea, where thousands of refugees from Syria, Iraq and elsewhere have gathered hoping to

30、 catch a boat to the Greek island of Lesbos, just across the waters.,A Syrian migrant looks out onto the sea after being stopped by Turkish police in his attempt to reach the Greek island of Lesbos. January 29, 2016.,A A refugee boy eats while camping after migrants were cheated by smugglers. Januar

31、y 29, 2016.,That Saturday morning I am awakened around 7:00 am by sirens of numerous ambulances. My hotel is right next to the coast guard base. I realize right away that something serious must have happened. When I get to the base, a boat docks. Bodies in plastic bags are taken off. I count around

32、ten. There are also numerous survivors, including women and children. I get closer. They are from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Myanmar and Bangladesh. They are all in a state of shock.,They tell me that the weather was good, that the sea was calm, but that there were too many of them on the boat. It wa

33、s a small tourist boat, with a capacity for 20 to 30 passengers. When it sank, it was carrying more than 100 refugees, each of whom had paid 1,200 Euros to the smugglers to get on board.,Police take the survivors to question them and I decide to get closer to where the sinking took place. The boat w

34、ent down less than a kilometer from the coast, near the village of Bademli. When I get to the spot, I see the half-sunken wreck thats now floating some 50 meters from shore. The beach is covered by life jackets, personal effects and the bodies spat out by the cold Aegean waters. Including that of th

35、e baby at whose side I now sit. As a photographer, I have covered riots and attacks. Ive seen dead bodies. But this, this is the worst of them.ll.,I look at his tiny body and I ask myself why. Why this interminable war in Syria. Rage fills me. Rage against all the politicians who have caused this, a

36、gainst all those smugglers who send people to their deaths. Eventually a policeman comes, lifts the baby and puts him in a plastic bag. He too is crying. Ozan Kose is an AFP photographer based in Istanbul.,News Comment,Classifications（新闻评论样式） 1） 报社社论( editorials) 2） 新闻述评( reviews or commentaries) 3）

37、 专栏文章( columns) 4) 评论（Criticism） 5) 编者按（Editors Notes/ Eds） ,评论是新闻机构所发表的言论的总称。它是针对现实生活中的重要问题直接发表意见、阐述观点、表明态度的新闻体裁。,News Comment,一、Basic structure (基本结构) Commentaries are made of three parts: （1）引论 (theme) （2）论证 (demonstration) （3）结论 (conclusion or clincher) 二、Writing style (写作笔调) 文字正式、 语气严肃、结构繁琐、长句较

38、多、力求客观公正-以第三人称，即“非个人”（impersonal）笔调说理。,News Comment,Our Mistaken Defense Priorities IN 1908, a small asteroid exploded in the sky above Siberia, flattening a vast area of remote forest. Had the airburst happened over a big city, countless people would have been killed without warning. If a similar o

39、bject were hurtling towards Earth today, it would probably be spotted in good time to evacuate anyone living in harms way - at least for the time being. Next month the only telescope scanning the southern hemisphere sky for dangerous space rocks will shut down for lack of money. It wont be replaced

40、until 2017 at the earliest. In the interim, Earths defences will have a blind spot. Panic stations? Not quite. The chance of another asteroid on the scale of 1908 hitting before 2017 is minuscule, and any threat will probably be visible from the northern hemisphere at some point. The real worry is t

41、hat without continuous monitoring, evacuation time will be lost. That is still ample reason not to accept the closure and just hope for the best. Keeping the telescope running for five more years would cost about $1 million. In the same period, global defence spending will be about $7.5 trillion. It

42、 seems we have our priorities wrong. (New Scientist, Jul. 7, 2012),Classification,Advertisement,Advertising is a way of bringing information to the public for the purpose of selling a product, a service, an idea, or an event. Characteristic: 1. informative 2. eye-catching 3. raising the desire to pu

43、rchase,词汇特征 Verbal Characteristics of English advertising,句法特点 Features of Advertising sentences,修辞特点 Rhetorical features,Features,Verbal Characteristics of English advertising,1、More Use of Adjectives finest food, most attractive surroundings and a friendly disposition Incredible sale: beautiful, t

44、op quality, latest styles for garments.,Verbal Characteristics of English advertising,2. Originality in Spelling Twogether -The ultimate all inclusive one price sunkissed holiday. The Orangemostest Drink in the world.,Verbal Characteristics of English advertising,3. Frequent Use of Compounds satin-s

45、oft, good-buy, high-quality, up-to-the-minute, undreamed-of, lemon-fragrant easy-to-read and hard-to-put-down books,Opening up undreamed-of high definition vision, and creating fashionable aesthetic experience,Syntactic Features,1. More use of shortened ,simple sentences Quality first. Customer supr

46、eme. Good to the last drop.,Shaped by the wind, born for the road.,Its worlds as well as Chinas.,Syntactic Features,2. Frequent use of rhetorical questions and imperative sentences Feel the new space. (Samsung) Just do it.,Syntactic Features,3. Frequent Use of Present Tense Ones life begins with chi

47、ldrens shoes. Unlike me, my Rolex never needs a rest. She works while you rest.,Syntactic Features,3. Frequent Use of Quotations Thirst come, thirst served. First come, first served. Two beer or not two beer, thats a question Shakesbeer. No business too small, no problem too big. TIME IS MONEY, with a subscription you save both. (Economist),Rhetorical