4AmericanHistory(3).ppt

1、American History,Part Three,Economic Development,Steam and electricity replaced human muscle; steel, machines and oil were used; Industrial and financial mergers emerged, such as Rockefellers Standard Oil Company and Morgan railroad; Mushroom growth of cities; New technology developed: In 1903, Wrig

2、ht brothers flew an plane for 12 seconds; 1911, Glenn E.Curiss designed a successful plane, in 1908, Henry Fords car;,Progressivism,It is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. President Theodore Roosevelt contributed to the government regulation of economic

3、 development (the measures) . Presidents Woodrow Wilsons New Freedom (such as 8-hour workday and the 19th amendment of voting right for women).,Theodore Roosevelt,Woodrow Wilson,World War I and the United States,The Character of the war: it is the struggle between two imperialist power groups, and o

4、f an intense arms race. Allied Armed Forces (Britain and France), Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary) The attitude and the real action of America: proclaiming neutrality, but in fact pro-Ally partiality. As a result of the war, the United States changed from a debtor to a creditor.,The Grea

5、t Depression and the New Deal,October 24, 1929, the first blow to the stock market came. It was the beginning of a long economic depression. 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President. He took the New Deal to prevent the depression.,Franklin D. Roosevelt,America in Post-W.W.II.Era,Cold War: C

6、ontainment Policy (to contain the expansive tendencies); Truman Doctrine: Marshall Plan: Berlin Blockade : NATO:,The Korean War : The Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s: Little Rock event, Rosa Parks event, Martin Luther King The Cuban Missile Crisis: in 1962 The Vietnam War: The Shanghai Communique

7、: Watergate Scandal:,Cold War,The disagreement and conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union emerged and became more and more intense. The conflicts arose basically from their separate concepts of postwar world order. The containment policy became the official policy towards the Soviet

8、 Union: a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.,The Truman Doctrine,On March 12,1949, in a speech to the joint session of Congress, President Truman made an open declaration, said that the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fig

9、hting against Communism. That is the Truman Doctrine.,The Marshall Plan,The economic situation in Western Europe was worsening, in addition, a severe cold and snowstorm hit Europe in the winter of 1946 and made the economic situation even more serious. In order to protect Western Europe from possibl

10、e Soviet expansion, the U.S. decided to offer Western European countries economic aid. This is the Marshall Plan which was announced by Secretary of State George Marshall on June 5, 1949.,The Berlin Blockade,In June, 1948, the Russians suddenly cut off Westernroutes to the jointly occupied city of B

11、erlin, located well inside the Soviet-occupied zone of Germany. This move was caused by the merging of the three Western-occupied zones of Germany and the currency reform by the three western powers. But Soviet Union objected it. The U.S. aired many supplies to help West Berliners. And the Blockade

12、pushed the West Berliners further to the side of the U.S.,NATO,The North Atlantic Treaty, signed on April 4, 1949, provided that an attack in any of the parties to the treaty would be regarded as an attack in all, and would be used to restore and maintain peace and security. On May 23,1949, the Fede

13、ral Republic of Germany came into being; On Oct. 5, 1949, the German Democratic was set up.,The Korean War,The War broke out in June, 1950, Truman sent the 7th Fleet to the Taiwan Strait to prevent the PLA from liberating Taiwan, and sent troops to South Korea under the banner of the UN. When the No

14、rth Korea army suffered great defeats , the American troops were advancing towards the Yalu River regardless of Chinese warnings, the Chinese Volunteers crossed the River in Oct. 1950 and fought side by side with the North Koreans for three years.,The Vietnam War,The policy of containment of Communi

15、sm led the U.S. into the war in Vietnam which turned out to be the longest war it fought(1950-1975). Questions: Why did America involve the war? What is “Americanized” war? Why? What are the impacts of the war on American society?,Watergate Scandal,On the night of June 17, 1972, police at the Waterg

16、ate apartment-office complex in Washington D.C. arrested five men who illegally broke into the the offices of the Democratic National Committee. These five men proved to be working for Richard Nixons Committee to Re-elect the President. The House Judiciary Committee began to draft accusation of wron

17、g doings against Nixon. Nixon resigned, the first president to do so in U.S. Most Americans came to believe their system was not the most democratic in the history of humankind.,The Shanghai Communique,The U.S.-China relations are not so good in history. In Chinese Civil War, the U.S. supported KMT,

18、 prevented PLA to liberate Taiwan, and in Korean War, threatened Chinese board. When the U.S. deep involved in the Vietnam War, and because the threaten of the Soviet Union, America began to look for a way to improve relations with China. In Feb. 1972, Nixon visited China and met Chairman Mao and is

19、sued the Shanghai Communique.,Gulf Wars,Iraq invaded Kuwait on Aug. 2, 1990.,Gulf Wars,On Aug. 7, U.S. troops moved into Saudi Arabia to protect Saudi oil fields. On Nov. 29, the United Nations set Jan. 15, 1991, as the deadline for a peaceful withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Operation Desert Storm was launched on Jan. 18, 1991, under the leadership of U