安徽省北师大版新课标高中英语总复习第一轮语法复习：考点8 非谓语动词(2).ppt

1、Part2 考点8,考点8 非谓语动词,4. 不定式、动名词和分词作定语,(1) The water polluted by the factory should be to blame. (2) Wed better find some work for the children to do. (3) He is the first one to_help(help) me with computer. (4) Your ability to analyze the problem really surprised us. (5) Do you have anything to send？(

2、是主语you送) (6) Do you have anything to_be_sent(send)？(不是主语you送，是别人送),4. 不定式、动名词和分词作定语,(7) Barking dogs seldom bite. (8) The plan to_be_made(make) is of vital importance. (9) The building being constructed will be used as a library.(现在正在进行的被动) (10) The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.(过去的被

3、动) (11) The teacher is satisfied with our satisfying performance in class, which can be seen from her satisfied expression on her face.,规则1：单个非谓语动词作定语一般在名词前，如：(7)；但修饰不定代词时在代词后，如：(5)、(6)；非谓语动词短语作定语一般要跟在名词后，如：(1)。 规则2：不定式、动名词和分词作定语的区别： to do sth. 表示：与被修饰的名词有 动宾关系，如： (2)；名词前有序数词或最高级，如：(3)。 主谓关系。 不定式修饰一

4、些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、 权利等抽象名词,名 词 ,to be done 表示将要被做，如：(8)。 done表示已经完成的或表被动的动作(having been done不可作定语)，如：(1)、(10)。 being done 表示被修饰词正在做，如：(9)。 doing sth.表示：正在进行的动作 经常性动作 或现在(或当时)的状态 即将发生的动作,名 词 ,【注意】 不及物动词构成的不定式作定语，要加上适当的介词且介词不能省。 规则3：一些形容词化的过去分词表示已完成的动作或所处的状态，意为“已经的”。 a fallen leaf落叶(已经落在地上)a falling leaf

5、 飘零的落叶，尚在空中 a developed country 发达国家a developing country 发展中国家,a risen sun 升起的太阳a rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 a returned student 归国学生 a retired worker 退休工人 an advanced worker 先进工作者 boiled water 开水boiling water 沸水 a bent branch 弯曲的树枝 determined opposition 强烈的反对 a devoted soldier 忠诚的士兵 a wellinformed professor

6、 见多识广的教授,【注意】 1. 有些表示“使”的动词，其ing形式，意为“令人的”，表示事物的性质、特征，强调给他人的印象；其ed形式，意为“感到的”，表示人的心理、状态，强调主语内心的感受，也可修饰look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。如：(11)。 2. 不宜用现在分词短语作定语的情况： (1)The man who came this morning is our legal adviser. () The man coming this morning is our legal adviser. (),不能用doing表达过去动作 (2)I

7、s there anyone who can answer this question? () Is there anyone answering this question? () 用answering表达can answer的意思是错的 (3)Those who have finished their work can go home now. () Those having finished their work can go home now. () 完成式不能作定语,3. drink, learn, sink, light都有两种形式的过去分词，但作定语时，只能用拼写较长的过去分词。

8、 a drunken driver 喝醉酒的司机；a learned lawyer 博学的律师；a sunken ship 沉船；a lighted candle 点着的蜡烛,5. 不定式和分词作状语,(1) He made a long speech, only to_show(show) his ignorance of the subject. (2) Being_watched(watch) by the audience, the young speaker felt very nervous. (3) Encouraged(encourage) by these successes

9、, they decided to expand the business. (4) When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.,5. 不定式和分词作状语,(5) Not_having_received(not receive) an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. (6) Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. (7) He worked deep into

10、the night, preparing(prepare) a speech for the president. (8) I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family.,5. 不定式和分词作状语,(9) She is so kind as to help me.She is so kind that she helps me. (10) She is such a kind girl as to help me.She is such a kind girl that she helps me. (11

11、) Im only too pleased to help you. (12) One is never too old to learn.,5. 不定式和分词作状语,(13) Seating himself/Seated (Sitting) in the room, he is absorbed in reading. (14) It being Sunday, we neednt go to school. Because it is Sunday, we neednt go to school. (15) All the work done, you can have a rest. I

12、f all the work is done, you can have a rest. (16) While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.,规则1：不定式和分词作状语，有一般式和完成式，也有主动和被动。完成式表示该动作比谓语动词动作先发生。当前后主语一致时，可以按照下列形式选择使用： to do表示目的或结果(to do in order to do /so as to do 其中so as to do不能放在句首) only to do表示意想不到的结果. 如：(1)。,(not) ,to

13、do,doing sth.与谓语动词同时发生的动作(主动关系) 如：(4)。 being adj./n.常表示原因 being p.p.强调与谓语动词同时发生的被动动作 (“因为正在被”)。如：(2)。 done 已经发生的被动动作，如：(3)。 having done 先于谓语动词发生的动作(主动关系) 如：(5)。 having been done先于谓语动词发生的动作(被动关 系)，如：(6)。,(not) ,规则2：不定式“to do sth.”作目的和结果状语时总是在谓语动词后发生，如：(8)。而分词一般式 “doing sth.”作状语时总是与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生，如：(7)

14、。 规则3：so adj./ adv. as to do 或such(a/an) adj.n. as to do，可以转化为sothat 或suchthat 引导的结果状语从句，如：(9)、(10)。,【注意】 1. tooto do表示肯定的情况 当only too和 all too与动词不定式连用时，表示肯定意义。如：(11)。 too ready/apt/anxious/eager/glad/willing(表示心情或情绪)to do，其后的动词不定式具有肯定意义，这时too相当于very。 never (not) tooto句型为“不会太所以能”之意。如：(12)。,2. devote

15、, absorb, lose, seat, dress, hide等动词的非谓语形式作状语和定语时，可以用它们的ed形式(devoted, absorbed, lost, seated, dressed, hidden)或ingoneself形式(devoting/ absorbing/ losing/ seating/ dressing /hiding oneself)。如：(13)。 3. 有些非谓语动词短语已经游离出来，成为固定短语，当作插入语使用。此时，句子的主语与它们不存在逻辑上的一致关系，如：, to tell you the truth实话说， needless to say不用

16、说， to be honest/ frank老实说，坦白说， to be more exact更确切地说， to make things worse更糟的是，say that假设，not to mention更不用说, Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说，considering 鉴于/考虑到，judging by/from从来看，依据来判断，supposing /suppose that假定，providing that 假定，according to依据，including包括，owing to 由于，talking/spe

17、aking of谈及 given考虑到， provided that如果,4独立主格结构：n./pron.doing/done/to do/adj./adv./prep.短语 前后主语不一致时，作状语的非谓语动词需有自己的逻辑主语，此时的“n./pron.doing/done/to do/adj./adv./prep.短语”，就是“独立主格结构”。如：(14)、(15)。 独立主格结构的特点： 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。, n/pron.与后面的doing/done/to do/adj./adv./prep.短语是主谓关系。 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 5.

18、连词分词(短语) 有时，为了使非谓语动词短语与主句的逻辑关系更清楚，可在非谓语动词前加连词。连词有when，while，if，unless，though，after, before, as等。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须一致，如：(16)。,6. 不定式和分词作宾语补足语,(1) My father permits me to_surf(surf) the Internet at the weekend. (2) The children were last seen playing(play) by the river. (3) She saw the old man cross the road. The old man was seen to cross the road. (4) Finally I got my car running. (5) The teacher often gets us to recite texts.,6. 不定式和分词作宾语补足语,(6) Id like to get my car cleaned before the New Year. (7) I made my little brother cry. My little brother was made to cry. (8