大学英语精读5电子教案U3.ppt

1、1. The Secret of Self-image,BR_MAIN,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,2. Video Clip,3. Background Information,Before Reading_2_1,The Secret of Self-image,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Directions: What do you learn from the following picture?

2、Can you find a good title for it?,1. Talk About the Picture,Before Reading_2_2,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,2. What Is Self-image?,The Secret of Self-image,Directions: Here are various definitions of self-image. Which ones do you agree with?,Self-image is: How you reg

3、ard yourself. The mental picture of how you believe you appear to others. How you believe others see you physically. Your idea (positive or negative, rational or irrational) of how you present yourself to others and how you are subsequently judged by them. A personal assessment of your character, pe

4、rsonality, skills, abilities, and other attributes. A powerful internal mechanism influencing how you feel about yourself.,Before Reading_2_3,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,The following items are how people assess their body image. Choose those statements that are true

5、 for you. If you choose three or more items, your body image is affecting your self-image in a negative way.,Directions:,3. A Questionnaire,The Secret of Self-image,I dislike seeing myself in mirrors. I find shopping for clothes unpleasant. I am ashamed to be seen in public. I like to pretend to be

6、invisible in public settings. I am initially shy in social gatherings or when I meet new people. I am self-conscious about my body in the presence of a person of the opposite sex. I feel that other people must think my body is unattractive.,Before Reading_2_4,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed R

7、eading,After Reading,The Secret of Self-image,I feel self-conscious in a bathing suit. I avoid social occasions like swim parties, beach picnics, or hotel pools where swimsuits are usually worn. I find that I am constantly comparing my body to those of others. I find it difficult to enjoy activities

8、 because I am conscious of my physical appearance. I feel self-conscious sitting in a beauty salon or barber shop because of my physical appearance. I feel self-conscious over my weight problem and how it affects my looks.,Directions:,Before Reading_2_5,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading

9、,After Reading,4. How Does Your Self-image Affect You?,It is from your self-image that you (1) develop labels for yourself; (2) develop scripts as to how you believe you should act to fit the image. Positive self-image yields self-affirming behaviors, while negative self-image yields self-defeating

10、behaviors. Try to complete the following table to see how self-image works.,The Secret of Self-image,Before Reading_2_6,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,overeat and not exercise,fat,be a good problem solver and decision maker,intelligent,be able to handle lifes challenges

11、 with confidence; be successful in your endeavors,competent,be easy to get to know, sociable, outgoing,friendly,act in a depressed way,depressed,act like a loser,loser,act like a winner,winner,The Secret of Self-image,Before Reading_3.1,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Vi

12、deo Clip,Directions: A group of animals are talking about their self-images. What do they think of themselves? Watch the and fill in the blanks.,video clip,I try to appear , but Im not always . I think I look . Her best physical feature is . The best feature is their . I have a , just like a . I gue

13、ss I look . Im not . Im .,Before Reading_3.2,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Video Clip,Could you describe your physical appearance?,pleasant,_,pleasant,_,good for my age,_,the shape of her body,_,Vulture: Bee: Pig: Owl: Penguin: Lobster:,eyes,_,perfect face,_,model,_,OK

14、,_,overweight,_,underweight,_,Maxwell Maltz created the self-improvement phenomenon, Psycho-Cybernetics. For many years, he had a practice as a reconstructive and cosmetic facial surgeon, but he moved from treating “outer scars” to “inner scars” after observing that some patients were still unhappy

15、despite their new faces. Some claimed that although their appearance changed, they did not feel any different. Dr. Maltz tried to find out why this was happening.,Before Reading_4.1,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Background Information,Maxwell Maltz,He discovered that y

16、our “outer life” was a reflection of how you saw yourself on the inside, what he called “self-image”. Dr. Maltz noted that you can never rise higher than your self-image. If your “inner self” is not equal to your “outer self”, then you will always revert back to where you think you belong.,After a d

17、ecade of counseling patients, extensive research, and testing his evolving “success conditioning techniques”, Dr. Maltz published his findings in 1960. The book Psycho-Cybernetics was an instant bestseller and made him one of the most in-demand motivational speakers throughout the 1960s and the earl

18、y 1970s. Dr. Maltz wrote over a dozen books, applying Psycho-Cybernetics to different purposes, including business success.,Before Reading_4.2,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Background Information,Globe Reading_main,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After R

19、eading,1. Sentence Rearrangement,2. Match,3. True or False,4. Short Answer Questions,Globe Reading_1,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Sentence Rearrangement,Directions: The following sentences are taken from text A. Rearrange them into a logical order.,1. But they had nev

20、er thought to change their thinking of the “self” which was to accomplish these things. 2. Numerous patients have said to me something like the following: “If you are talking about positive thinking, Ive tried that before, and it just doesnt work for me.” 3. One of the reasons it has seemed so diffi

21、cult for a person to change his habits, his personality, or his way of life, has been that heretofore nearly all efforts at change have been directed to the circumference of the self, so to speak, rather than to the center. 4. However, a little questioning invariably brings out that these individual

22、s have employed “positive thinking,” or attempted to employ it, either upon particular external circumstances, or upon some particular habit or character defect.,3-2-4-1,Global Reading_2,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Directions: Match the viewpoints with the supporting

23、 details.,Match,b; c; e,a; d,Globe Reading_3,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,True or False,3. It has been difficult for some people to change their way of life because their efforts at change are directed to their self-images.,All of us are fully aware of our self-image,

24、 i.e. a mental picture of ourselves.,2. You will act like the person of your self-image subconsciously.,F,( ),It has been difficult for some people to change their way of life because their efforts at change are directed to external circumstances, rather than to the center.,T,( ),F,( ),The self-imag

25、e may be vague, and to some people, it may not be consciously recognizable at all.,4. In order to think positively about a particular situation, you have to hold a positive concept of self.,T,( ),Globe Reading_4,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,1. “Jesus warned us about t

26、he folly of putting a patch of new material upon an old garment, or of putting new wine into old bottles.” This sentence is quoted from the New Testament. What did Dr. Maltz actually want to tell us? 2. What is Leckys theory and how did he test it? 3. What is the difference between “I flunked that s

27、ubject” and “I am a flunk-out”? 4. Can you guess what Self Consistency, a Theory of Personality is mainly about?,Short Answer Questions,Article,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Do you want a better life? According to the author of the following article, the solution is ea

28、sy. Simply change the way you look at yourself and you will change the way you live. Improving your self-image is your key to living a better life.,Article1,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,The most important psychological discovery of this century is the discovery of the

29、 “self-image.” Whether we realize it or not, each of us carries about with us a mental blueprint or picture of ourselves. It may be vague and ill-defined to our conscious gaze. In fact, it may not be consciously recognizable at all. But it is there, complete down to the last detail. This self-image

30、is our own conception of the “sort of person I am.” It has been built up from our own beliefs about ourselves. But most,Your Key to a Better Life Maxwell Maltz,of these beliefs about ourselves have unconsciously been formed from our past experiences, our successes and failures, our humiliations, our

31、 triumphs, and the way other people have reacted to us, especially in early childhood. From all these we mentally construct a “self,” (or a picture of a self). Once an idea or a belief about ourselves goes into this picture it becomes “true,” as far as we personally are concerned. We do not question

32、 its validity, but proceed to act upon it just as if it were true.,Article2,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,This self-image becomes a golden key to living a better life because of two important discoveries: 1. All your actions, feelings, behavior even your abilities are

33、always consistent with this self-image. In short, you will “act like” the sort of person you conceive yourself to be. Not only this, but you literally cannot act otherwise, in spite of all your conscious efforts or will power. The man who conceives himself to be a “failure type person” will find som

34、e way to fail, in spite of all his good intentions, or his will power, even if opportunity is literally dumped in his lap. The person who conceives himself to be a victim of injustice, one “who was meant to suffer” will invariably find circumstances to verify his opinions. The self-image is a “premi

35、se,” a base, or a foundation upon which your entire personality, your behavior, and even your circumstances are built. Because of this our experiences seem to verify, and thereby strengthen our self-images, and a vicious or a beneficent cycle, as the case may be, is set up.,Article3,Before Reading,G

36、lobal Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,For example, a schoolboy who sees himself as an “F” type student, or one who is “dumb in mathematics,” will invariably find that his report card bears him out. He then has “proof.” A young girl who has an image of herself as the sort of person nobody like

37、s, will find indeed that she is avoided at the school dance. She literally invites rejection. Her woebegone expression, her hang-dog manner, her over-anxiousness to please,or perhaps her unconscious hostility towards those she anticipates will affront her all act to drive away those whom she would a

38、ttract. In the same manner, a salesman or a businessman will also find that his actual experiences tend to “prove” his self-image is correct.,Because of this objective “proof” it very seldom occurs to a person that his trouble lies in his self-image or his own evaluation of himself. Tell the schoolb

39、oy that he only “thinks” he cannot master algebra, and he will doubt your sanity. He has tried and tried, and still his report card tells the story. Tell the salesman that it is only an idea that he cannot earn more than a certain figure, and he can prove you wrong by his order book. He knows only t

40、oo well how hard he has tried and failed. Yet, as we shall see later, almost miraculous changes have occurred both in grades of students, and in the earning capacity of salesmen when they were prevailed upon to change their self-images.,Article4,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After R

41、eading,Article5,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,2. The self-image can be changed. Numerous case histories have shown that one is never too young nor too old to change his self-image and thereby start to live a new life. One of the reasons it has seemed so difficult for a

42、 person to change his habits, his personality, or his way of life, has been that heretofore nearly all efforts at change have been directed to the circumference of the self, so to speak, rather than to the center. Numerous patients have said to me something like the following: “If you are talking ab

43、out positive thinking, Ive tried that before, and it just doesnt work for me.” However, a little questioning invariably brings out that these individuals have employed “positive thinking,” or attempted to employ it, either upon particular external circumstances, or upon some particular habit or char

44、acter defect (“I will get that job.” “I will be more calm and relaxed in the future.” “This business venture will turn out right for me,” etc.) But they had never thought to change their thinking of the “self” which was to accomplish these things.,Article6,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Read

45、ing,After Reading,Jesus warned us about the folly of putting a patch of new material upon an old garment, or of putting new wine into old bottles. “Positive thinking” cannot be used effectively as a patch or a crutch to the same old self-image. In fact, it is literally impossible to really think pos

46、itively about a particular situation, as long as you hold a negative concept of self. And, numerous experiments have shown that once the concept of self is changed, other things consistent with the new concept of self, are accomplished easily and without strain.,One of the earliest and most convinci

47、ng experiments along this line was conducted by the late Prescott Lecky, one of the pioneers in self-image psychology. Lecky conceived of the personality as a “system of ideas,” all of which must seem to be consistent with each other. Ideas which are inconsistent with the system are rejected, “not b

48、elieved,” and not acted upon. Ideas which seem to be consistent with the system are accepted.,Article7,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,At the very center of this system of ideas the keystone the base upon which all else is built, is the individuals “ego ideal,” his “self

49、-image,” or his conception of himself. Lecky was a school teacher and had an opportunity to test his theory upon thousands of students.,Lecky theorized that if a student had trouble learning a certain subject, it could be because (from the students point of view) it would be inconsistent for him to

50、learn it. Lecky believed, however, that if you could change the students self-conception, which underlies this viewpoint, his attitude toward the subject would change accordingly. If the student could be induced to change his self-definition, his learning ability should also change. This proved to b

51、e the case. One student who misspelled 55 words out of a hundred and flunked so many subjects that he lost credit for a year, made a general average of 91 the next year and became one of the best spellers in school. A boy who was dropped from one college because of poor grades, entered Columbia and

52、became a straight “A” student.,The trouble with these students was not that they were dumb, or lacking in basic aptitudes. The trouble was an inadequate self-image (“I dont have a mathematical mind”; “Im just naturally a poor speller”). They “identified” with their mistakes and failures. Instead of

53、saying “I failed that test” (factual and descriptive) they concluded “I am a failure.” Instead of saying “I flunked that subject” they said “I am a flunk-out.” For those who are interested in learning more of Leckys work, I recommend securing a copy of his book: Self Consistency, a Theory of Persona

54、lity. The Island Press, New York, N. Y.,Article8,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,A girl who had flunked Latin four times, after three talks with the school counselor, finished with a grade of 84. A boy who was told by a testing bureau that he had no aptitude for English,

55、 won honorable mention the next year for a literary prize.,Article1_S_In fact,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,1. What does “it” refer to?,“It” refers to self-image.,2. What does “down to the last detail” mean? Does it mean that only the last detail is contained, or all t

56、he details are included?,“Down to the last detail” means everything is taken into consideration, completely.,In fact, it may not be consciously recognizable at all. But it is there, complete down to the last detail.,Article1_S_Once,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Why doe

57、s Dr. Maltz say “as far as we personally are concerned”?,This picture of self is based on what we think of ourselves, so it is only true to us.,Once an idea or a belief about ourselves goes into this picture it becomes “true,” as far as we personally are concerned.,Article2_S_Not,Before Reading,Glob

58、al Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,What does “literally” mean? Can you find some other examples in which “literally” is used in the same way?,“Literally” is used to emphasize that something is actually true.,Not only this, but you literally cannot act otherwise, in spite of all your conscious

59、 efforts or will power.,More examples:, even if opportunity is literally dumped in his lap. (Para. 4) She literally invites rejection. (Para. 6) In fact, it is literally impossible to really think positively about a particular situation (Para. 10),Article2_S_The man,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,What are these two examples intended to prove?,The man who conceives himself to be a “failure type person”