四级提纲作文.ppt

1、,提纲式作文,评分标准,文章切题： 作文应表达题目所规定的内容，紧扣这一中心展开；论述的细节必须与主题相关；所举的例子必须能支持论点。 衔接连贯：注意段与段、句子和句子之间的衔接，运用适当的过渡词。 行文：用英语清楚而正确地表达思想，避免造成理解障碍的语法错误。,写作步骤（四步法）,第一步：审题 第二步：写提纲（主题句） 第三步：写正文 第四步：检查、修改,一、审题（写什么）,明确体裁： 1. 提纲式作文 2. 图表式作文 3. 应用文、说明文 确定写作方法（提纲式作文）： 1. 对比观点类 2. 阐述主题类 3. 说明利弊类 4. 解决方法类,三、写正文（三段论）(提纲类),第一段：提出论点

2、(introduction) 第二段：进行论证(body) 第三段：给出结论(conclusion),提纲式作文,对比观点类 阐述主题类 说明利弊类 解决方法类,第一段 It is universally a fact that more and more people are communicating via emails. （主题句）People send emails to their relatives abroad on New Years time； job hunters apply for new job positions via email, and university

3、 students even hand in their homework via email to their teachers.（扩展句）,段落的写法主题句+扩展句+(结尾句),段落的写法主题句+扩展句+(结尾句),第二段 Communicating via email is very convenient.（主题句） Firstly, it is very fast. It reaches the reader in a minute. Secondly, it is cheaper. You have to pay nearly 5 to send a letter abroad wh

4、ile sending an email costs nothing except the fee for the use of the internet. Lastly, its easier. You dont have to go to the post office or search your drawers for an envelop or stay at one place waiting for the reply. （扩展句）So long as you can find a computer connected to the Internet, you can get t

5、he email.（结尾句）,段落的写法主题句+扩展句+(结尾句),第三段 Therefore, its really a good way to communicate via emails. (主题句）In a time when efficiency is one of the most important factors to success, communicating via emails certainly will play a more and more important role in our lives.（扩展句）,1.对比观点类,题型特点：要求对两种不同的观点进行对比

6、，然后在此基础上表明自己的观点和立场。 1有一些人认为 2另一些人认为 3我的看法,模式：两种观点第一种观点的陈述第二种观点的陈述自己的观点,举例： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given in C

7、hinese ) below: 1.为解决交通难的问题， 有人建议多建造马路。 2.有人则建议限制私家车的数量。 3.我的看法。,对比观点类作文模板1： When it comes to 1（主题）, peoples opinions differ. Many people believe that 2（一些人的观点）. For one thing, 3（理由一). For another, 4(理由二). Some people, however, take a different attitude to (5主题词). They regard, 6（另一些人观点）. In their vi

8、ew, 7 (理由一). Furthermore, 8(理由二) As far as I am concerned, 9（我的观点）. On the one hand 10 (论点一). On the other hand 11(论点二). So 12 (总结全文).,对比观点类作文模板2： When asked about 1（主题）, people have different opinions. Many people believe that 2（一些人的观点）. On one hand, 3（理由一). On the other hand, 4(理由二). All these poi

9、nt to the indispensability of 5(主题词). However, others claim that(6另一些人观点). As far as they are concerned, 7（理由二）. Morever, 8 (理由三). As for me, 9（我的观点）. Because 10 (论点一). Whats more 11(论点二). Therefore 12 (总结全文).,对比观点类作文模板3： The topic of （主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sid

10、es of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of （支持A的理由一）What is more,（理由二). Moreover, (理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),（理由二）. Thirdly (finally), (理由三). From my

11、point of view, I think （我的观点）. The reason is that (原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, this is surely a wise choice.,2.阐述主题类,题型特点：要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述，在分析过程中，一般只对利或弊单方面分析。 1.阐述主题所蕴涵的意义 2.举例或分析原因使其更充实 3.你的观点.,模式1：现象描述有利面分析提出观点 模式2：现象描述不利面分析提出观点,举例

12、： Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay about making the most of our school days. You should write at least 120 words and write your composition on the outline below. 1. 生命是短暂的，时间是宝贵的。 2. 在校学习的时间更短暂。 3. 应该充分利用在校时光。,阐述主题类作文模板1： The good old proverb （1名言或谚语）reminds us that (2释义)

13、. Indeed, we can learn many things from it. （3主题句）. First of all, (4理由一). For example, (5举例说明). Secondly, (6理由二). Another case is that (7举例说明). Furthermore , (8理由三) Therefore/In my opinion, (9我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say A. If you understand it and apply it to your study

14、.,阐述主题类作文模板2： It is well-known that 1主题或现象 . For example, 2举例1. And 3 举例2. Whats more, 4 举例3.Even 5举例4. However, 6主题词. First of all, 7论证1. Meanwhile 8论证2. And 9 论证3. Therefore, 10小结上文. In a word, 11 总结全文. We should 12深化主题，回应全文.,3.说明利弊类,题型特点：要求比较一件事物的优点和缺点，然后表明自己的观点或体会。 1.说明事物现状 2.事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） 3.你对

15、现状（或前景）的看法,模式：现象描述列举利弊提出观点,举例： Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。 2. 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。 3. 我

16、应当怎样过好双休日。,说明利弊类作文模板： Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.(主题句） Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First (的优点之一). Besides, （的优点之二）. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is

17、 that (的第一个缺点)To make matters worse, (的第二个缺点) Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to (我的看法) From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the c

18、ircumstances we are in. Only by this way, (对前景的预测),4.解决方法类,题型特点：提纲中未给出明显的结论，要求考生根据提纲列举解决问题的多种途径或得出结论。 1.问题现状 2.怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) 模式：现象描述分析说明提出观点,举例 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller. You should write at lea

19、st 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1.现代的交通工具越来越发达； 2.人与人之间的交往越来越频繁； 3.结论。,解决方法类作文模板1： In recent days, we have to face the problem A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, (说明的现状)Second, (进一步举例说明现状). Confronted with A, we should take a

20、 series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, (解决方法一). For another (解决方法二). Finally, (解决方法三). Personally, I believe that (我的解决方法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because (带来的好处).,解决方法类作文模板2： Because of 1问题出现背景， great changes have been taken

21、place in . Particularly, 2提出问题. Besides, 3对问题进一步解释说明. As we know, there are several ways for people to choose. Above all, 4 方法一. Secondly, 5 方法二. Furthermore,6 方法三. And finally, 7方法四. As far as I am concerned, 8我的做法. In the first place, 9 论点一. In the second place, 10论点二. Therefore, 11 总结全文.,解决方法类作文模

22、板3： With the development of 1问题出现背景， So it is of great importance for us to 2提出问题. On the one hand, 3必要性或后果1. On the other hand, 4. 必要性或后果2 . To us,we have figured out many ways to 5 提出解决方法. First, 6方法一. Second,7 方法二. Finally, 8方法三. In a word, 9总结上文. To sum up, 10重申主题. It is high time for us to 11进一

23、步强调主题. Therefore, we must 12 总结全文.,常用句型：,Introduction (开头)： Nowadays , play a more and more important role in our daily life. (如今, 在我们的日常生活中越来越重要.) 2) Should ? Different people have different opinions on the issues of 3) Recently we had a heated discussion on Opinions are various among different peo

24、ple. (人们对此事有不同的看法) (4) Different people have different opinions on the issues of whether it is necessary to .,1. Some may hold the view that because / firstly. (有些人认为). But others have a negative attitude. From their point of view, (有些人却持有不同的观点, 他们认为) 2. Some people are against the idea of because .

25、 while some are for the idea of 3.1) (表顺序)Firstly. (in the first place,/ first of all) secondly thirdly , the last but not the least , 2) (表递进) what is more/in addition/ furthermore/ moreover (另外) , what is worse(更糟糕的是) 3) (表比较) on one hand. on the other hand, on the contrary,Body(正文)：,1. Taking all

26、 these factors into consideration, we may reach the conclusion that 2. Therefore , it is easy to draw the conclusion that 3. To sum up / in a word / in conclusion /in short/ in general/ generally speaking , I still hold the view that,Conclusion（结论）：,4. As far as I am concerned , I hold the view that

27、 5. I totally agree with the statement that 6. Personally , I support the idea that The reasons are presented below. (我的观点是, 论据如下),Practice3:,2009年12月大学英语四级 Part Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating

28、 a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该 Creating a Green Campus,Creating a Green Campus, Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being the focus of the society, “green campus” has

29、become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.,The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an environmental sense in peoples mind. Campus plays a crucial role in educating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely produce a profound effect