UNIT7OnlineEverywhere!.ppt

1、passive voice 被动语态,Easy Grammar轻松学语法,九年级英语 授课人：杨安林,轻松理解：简单来说，英语中的被动语态含义和汉语差不多，例如：人吃饭，饭被人吃；人打球，球被人打。 被动语态的构成： 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词,语 态 分 类,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“

2、由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。,被动语态常用的八种时态 1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时：

3、They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten.,3. 一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give p

4、lenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.

5、 The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.,5. 现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6. 过去进行时： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers we

6、re mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the pric

7、e. The price has been brought down.,8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. H

8、e had been considered to be a great leader. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the compute

9、r by him.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.,1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be +

10、过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。,语态转换时所注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，

11、另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等

12、。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country mu

13、sic was played for us.,注意：有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。 对比： The books sell well. (主动句) The books we

14、re sold out. (被动句) The meat didnt cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句),下列情况主动句不能改为被动句： 感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. 误：It is felt very soft. The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is

15、 tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.,注意：一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building. 注意：不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, h

16、appen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 误：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. 注意:宾语是反身代词，相互代词，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught myself English. 误：

17、Myself was taught English. We love each other. 误：Each other is loved.,注意： 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说It is said that 据报导It is reported that 据推测It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议It is suggested that 1) It is reported th

18、at it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.,Exercise（一）: 1. Good books _ again and again. A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read 2. The children _ by the nurse. A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D.

19、 looked 3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them. A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listened C. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen 4. When_ the accident _ ? A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question _ by us soon. A. is going to discuss B

20、. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab _ about five years ago. A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up,Exercise（二）: 1.Its said(据