《名词性从句》PPT课件.ppt

1、名词性从句,Noun Clauses,The moon rose. 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. They painted the door green. 5. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.,Step 1 Revision 五大基本句型,基本句型 一： + i （不及物动词）,基本句型 二：+ t + （主及物动词宾语）,基本句型 三： +t+ + （主谓间宾直宾）,基本句型 四： + + + （主谓宾宾补 ）,基本句型 五： + + （主系表

2、）,More Practice,基本句型 一： + i （不及物动词）,1. The sun was shining. 2. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 3. They had talked for an hour before I came. 4. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利。,不及物动词（vi.）的特点： 1) 能表达完整的意思 2) 没有宾语，但后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型 二：+ t + （主及物动词宾语）,1. He enjoys reading. 2. They ate what was

3、left over. 3. He said Good morning. 4. He admits that he was mistaken.,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语 .,基本句型 三： +t+ + （主谓间宾直宾）,1. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 2. I showed him my pictures. 3. I told him that the bus was late. 4. He showed me how to run the machine.,有些及物动词可以有两个宾

4、语，如：give，pass(递)，bring，show(显示)。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。,强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。,基本句型 四： + + + （主谓宾宾补 ）,I often find him at work. The teacher asked the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road. We saw him out.,宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓

5、关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。,理解真正的主谓关系和逻辑上的主谓关系,试比较： 1. He is at work. I often find him at work. A cat was running across the road I saw a cat running across the road. 3. He was out at that time. We saw him out.,基本句型 五： + link v + （主系表）,1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. Every

6、thing looks different. 4. He is growing tall and strong. 5. The trouble is that they are short of money.,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子的系动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。,常见的系动词分类：,Summary,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,e.g. Nowadays, there is a heated discussion about “ wealth

7、or health, which is more important”,The boy enjoys reading. ( 扩充),The boy whose name is Tom enjoys reading different kinds of books, especially books written by Charles Dickens.,名词性从句,Noun Clauses,Related Conception (相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作 _、_、_和_.,The boy is li Min

8、g.,主语,表语,Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .,主语,同位语,宾语,主语 宾语 表语 同位语。,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,1. What I want to do is taking a bath. 2. I dont think he is an honest boy. 3. The fact is that he stole the car. 4. It is said that they won the game. 5.Do you know the man who is standing over ther

9、e? 6. Do you know the fact that he stole the car? 7. The news that they won the game spread the whole school.,(主从),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(定从),(主从),(同位语从句),在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做 _。 它包括_ _ _ 和_.,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句 ( The Subject Clause),宾语从句 ( The Object Clause),表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位语从句 ( The Appos

10、itive Clause),名词性从句,讨论: 用合适的连接词填空，思考引导名词性从句的连接词有哪些？试将它们归类.,1. I think _ you will like the pictures. 2. My aunt said _ she would come and _she would also bring her daughter. 3. I asked the teacher _ we were going to the zoo the next day. 4. They are worrying about_ they can get there in time. 5. I do

11、nt know_ Jane was late for school this morning.,(that),(that),that,if / whether,whether,why,翻译下列句子,6. 你记得我们的经理什么时候来过吗？ Do you remember _. 7. 她不理解的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。 What she couldnt understand was _. 8. 那就是我们的意见分歧所在。 That is _ .,when our manager came,why fewer and fewer students got interested in h

12、er class,where we disagree/ differ,2) 引导名词性从句的连词、连接代词和连接副词,that ， whether , if, as if,whom, whose,which,whichever,whoever,where how why,The Object Clause,思考问题,1) 什么是宾语从句? 2) 连词that, whether, if 的用法 3）宾语从句中的否定转移 在表示 “坚持、命令、建议、要求” 的动词后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语要用 _ 5) 宾语从句中有时用it作形式宾语,在句中充当_ 动词或_ 词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。,1) 什

13、么是宾语从句?,及物,介, that在引导宾语从句时无词义，不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略. 注：如果that连接两个相并列的宾语从句时，那么通常只有第 _个从句中的连词that可以省略，第_ 个从句的that一般不能省略。,一,二,My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter.,2) 连词that, whether, if 的用法, whether和if表“是否”时，在宾语从句不充当任何成分中，常可互用, 但在下列情况下不能互用: 1) 在介词之后的宾语从句通常只能用 _, 2) 只

14、能说 _ or not 但可以用 _ . or not,whether,whether,whether / if,试比较. I doubt _ she will come or not. I doubt _ or not she will come.,whether / if,whether,They are worrying about_ they can get there in time.,whether,I dont care _ it doesnt rain.,3) 宾语从句是否定句时，一般用_ 引导。,if,if,3) 宾语从句中的否定转移,我认为他不会来这里,I think he

15、 wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come here. ( ),注意：如果宾语从句是由think, suppose ，guess， imagine, believe, expect等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。,我猜你没适应早起。,I dont suppose youre used to getting up early.,1) We suggested that Tom _ ( have) a rest.,2) He insisted that I _ (be ) present.,3) The king ordered

16、 that the prisoners _ ( kill ) the next day.,should have / have,should be / be,should be killed / be killed,4) 在表示 “坚持、命令、建议、要求” 的动词后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语要用 （should ）+ 动词原形,常见动词： 一个坚持( _ )， 两个命令( _ _)， 三个建议( _ _ _ ) 四个要求 ( _ _ _ _ ),insist,order, command,advise, suggest, propose,demand , desire, require, re

17、quest,注意： suggest表示“暗示、表明”、 insist表示 “坚持说；坚决认为 (多与别人的观点不同)”,其宾语从句的谓语用陈述语气,1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey) the rules. 2.He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that she _(send) to hospitals at once. 3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once. 4.His pale face suggested th

18、at he_ (be) ill.,obey,was,(should) be sent,(should) have,was,注:以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。,insistence,order, command,suggestion, advice, proposal,demand, desire, request, requirement,1) Its suggested that the plan_ (carry out) 2) My demand is that she _to see me once a week. (come) 3

19、) Are you for the suggestion that we _ ( go ) to Hainan next month?,（should) be carried out.,(should) come,(should) go,5. 宾语从句中有时用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作 宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,巩

20、固 思考问题,1) 什么是宾语从句? 2) 连词that, whether, if 的用法 3）宾语从句中的否定转移 在表示 “坚持、命令、建议、要求” 的动词后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语要用 _ 5) 宾语从句中有时用it作形式宾语,The Predicative Clause,1. The trouble is _ I have lost his address. 2. The question is _ we have enough time and money. 3. It is _ you eat too much. 4. It looks _ it is going to rain

21、. 5. That is _ he meant. 6. The problem is _he will finish the project.,重温“连接词”，看哪组快又好？,that,whether,because,as if,what,when,/ whether,找出以上句子的共同点，看谁反应快？,表语从句跟在系动词之后，常见的系动词分类：,表语从句小结归纳,1) 在表语从句时表“是否”时, 通常只能使用 _，不能使用 _,whether,if,The question is _ we have enough time and money.,2) 可以引导表语从句的连接代词 和连接副词

22、与宾语从句相同，连词用that, whether, because, as if / as though,whether,小组竞赛：用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。 老师说月亮绕着地球转。 他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。 3. 问题是这本书是否值得一读。 4. 那是因为他没有理解我。 5. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 6. 谁知道将来会发生什么？ 7. 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。 8. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。 9. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。,用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。,1. 老师说月亮绕着地球转。 The teacher said _ _. 2. 他们都在担心是

23、否能按时到达那里。 They are all worrying about _. 3.问题是这本书是否值得一读。,that the moon goes,around the earth,whether they can get there on time,The question is whether the book is worth reading.,4. 那是因为他没有理解我。 Thats because he didnt understand me. 5. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tom

24、orrow morning. 6. 谁知道将来会发生什么？ Who knows what will happen in the future?,7. 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。 I dont know why Tom didnt come this morning. 8. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。 My opinion is that you should not go alone. 9. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。 China today is no longer _ she used to be.,what,He said the text was very important

25、 and we should learn it by heart. 2. My worry is that he can get there on time. 3. The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard. 4. What we need are time. 5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want.,is,that,whether,that,whichever,改错,1. He told me _ he would go to college the

26、 next year. 2. I dont know _ there will be a bus. 3. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.,用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表 语从句意思完整。,that / 不填,if / whether,whom / who,4. He didnt tell me _ he would come back from Shanghai next time. 5. Let me know _ train youll be arriving o

27、n. 6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip? 7. Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.,when,which,how,that,8. We think it necessary _ we take plenty of hot water every day. 9. Tom is very lazy. That is _ he didnt pass the exam. 10. This is _ we foun

28、d the strange trees. 11. My idea is _ we should all do our best to do everything well.,that,why,where / how,that,12. It looked _ he had understood this question. 13. The reason why I was sad was _ he didnt understand me. 14. His first question was _ Mr. Smith had arrived or not. 15. We all find it i

29、mportant _ we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.,that,as if,that,whether,/ if,3.,The Subject Clause,主语从句三要点 寻规找矩 请找出下列句子中的主语从句，注意句子的意义及用法。 1. What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. 2. Who will go to the concert is not known. 3. That she was chos

30、en made us very happy. 4. Whether she will come or not is still a question. 5. Its strange that he knows nothing about it.,1）语序2）引导词 3）常见句型,主语从句三要点 寻规找矩 请找出下列句子中的主语从句，注意句子的意义及用法。 6. When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 7. Which book they will choose is still unknown. 8. It is a pity th

31、at she has made such a mistake. 9. It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.,小结归纳,(一)语序 主语从句使用_ 语序，其通常结构为“ _ + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分”；,陈述,引导词,1) Whether she will come or not is still a question.,但当连接代词同时充当主语从句主语时，其结构为“_+ 谓语 + 其他成分”,2) What surprised me most was that the little girl c

32、ould play the violin so well. 3) Who will go to the concert is not known.,连接代词,(二)引导词, _ 引导主语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略； whether引导主语从句时意为 “ _ ”，通常不能用_ 来代替； 可以引导主语从句的连接代词主要有：who, _, _, what, _, whatever, _, whoever等； 可以引导主语从句的连接副词主要有：where, _, _, _等。,that,是否,if,whom whose,which,whichever,when why how,T

33、ranslation,1.他星期三来这里 是肯定的。 2.他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。 3.老师今天说的话是十分正确的。 4.不管谁犯了错误都必须改正。,That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.,Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.,What the teacher said today was quite right.,Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.,注意: 语序和引导词,(三)常见句型,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常

34、用it作形式主语，代替主语从句放在句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：,常用句型: 1) It is + n /adj. +主语从句 It is a pity/a shame that. It is common knowledge that It is a surprise that . It is a fact that It is possible/likely that. It is impossible/ unlikely that. 2) It +不及物动词+主语从句 It seems/appears that. It (so）happened that. It occurr

35、ed to me that,是否知道其意?,常用句型: 1) It is + n / adj. +主语从句 It is a pity/a shame that. 遗憾的是 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是 It is possible/likely that. 很可能 It is impossible/ unlikely that. 不可能 2) It +不及物动词+主语从句 It seems/appears that. 似乎 It ( so )happene

36、d that. 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,2) It happens that she has read the book before. = She happens _ _ _ the book before. 3) It happened that she was talking when the teacher came in. =,to have read,She _ ( happens? ) ( happened? ) to _ _ when the teacher came in.,be talking,1) It happened that

37、she was out that day. = She _ ( happens?) (happened?) _ ( to out? ) ( to be out? ) that day.,3) It + be +过去分词+主语从句 It is said that. It is known to all that. It is reported that. It is believed that. It is suggested that. It must be pointed out that It has been proved that.,是否知道其意?,3) It + be +过去分词+主

38、语从句 It is said that. 据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道 It is believed that. 据信; 人们相信 It is suggested that. 有人建议 (发散: “一 坚持 二 命令 三 建议 四 要求 ” ) It must be pointed out that.必须指出 It has been proved that. 已证明.,如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or de

39、stroyed. 据信, 至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。,4) 用于It is important / necessary /natural /surprising/strange / impossible that.句型中, 主语从句的 谓语动词用 “(should )+ do / be done”的形式.,1) It is important that enough money_ to fund(为提供基金) the project Abe collected Bmust be collected Cwas collected Dcan be collected 2) It is n

40、atural that he_ so. A. thinks B. think C. thought D. will think 3) It is important that you _ a communication with Mr. Williams immediately. A. have B. had C. will have D. would have,用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。,1. _ he didnt attend the meeting yesterday wasnt quite clear. 2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is o

41、ur hope _ the two sides will work towards peace.” 3. _ team will win the match is still unknown. 4. _ comes to the party will receive a present. 5. _ Mary has left is still a question.,Why,that,Which,Whoever,Whether,6. Its reported _ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.

42、 7. _ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us. 8. We usually think _ we cant get seems better than what we have. 9. It is a fact _ English is being accepted as an international language. 10. _ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasnt been decided.,that,How,what,that,Who,下列各句中均有

43、一处错误，请改正。,1. That the old mans son wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden. 2. It is reported when China has successfully sent Shenzhou VI spaceship into space. 3. If he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 4. Whether the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London excited the

44、 whole nation. 5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, which our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.,What,that,whether,That,what,6. Whatever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 7. Why they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided. 8. When will win t

45、he English competition is still a problem. 9. How our spring sports meet will be held or not this week is not known yet. 10. Its strange when he should have gone away without telling us.,Whoever,How,Who,Whether,that,Grammar：The Appositive Clause,同位语从句,Answer key for Exercise 2:,1. baggage 2. ministe

46、r 3. quiz 4. chat 5. aboard 6. scenery 7. slightly 8. surround,Answer key for Exercise 3:,1) surrounds 2) border 3) measuring4) within 5) harbour6) urban,同位语从句,1. 概念: 在主从复合句中，用作_词的同位语的_ 句, 叫同位语从句。 2. 功能: 同位语从句对名词作进一步_或说明名词的具体内容。,解释,名,从,3. 用法: 常跟在某些抽象名词后: 4. 引导词 ( 见练习题),fact/ idea/news/ promise/ word

47、 (消息) / suggestion / order/ command/ proposal ,that ,whether,who, what, which, .,when, where, why, how, ,定语从句与同位语从句区别:,同位语从句与定语从句区别:,1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面只能是fact/ idea/news/ promise/ word (消息) / suggestion / order/ command/ proposal等有一定内涵的_词， 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词, _ 词 ,主句的一部分或是整个_ 句。,抽象名,不定代,主,Word came that

48、he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。 Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。 (定语从句),(同位语从句),2.从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词作进一步的说明或解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:,The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 (同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news t

49、hat he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 (定语从句, news在从句中作told的宾语),3. 从引导词及引导词在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what 可以引导_ 从句, 但不能引导_从句。 That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。 (同位语从句),同位语,定语,that引导定语从句时, 在从句中一般作_ 语或 _ 语 (指物时还可以用_代替), 并且作_语时常常省略， that在同位语从句中

50、仅起连接作用, 不充当任何成分, 并且不能省略, 也不能用which来代替，如:,主,宾,which,宾,The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。 (同位语从句, 是对order的具体解释, that虽不作成分, 但不能省略),The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the othe

51、r groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。 (定语从句, 是名词order的修饰语, that在从句中作received的宾语, 可以省略),判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。 The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world. Thats the best piece of news Ive heard.,同,定, Is there any hope that he will be home a

52、t 7? Ive no hope that my parents have been expecting to me.,同,定, The possibility that you referred to doesnt exist at all. There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.,同,定,Summary:,定语从句与同位语从句区别:,先行词可以是名词、 不定代词 、主句的一部分或整个主句,其前只能是抽象名词,对其先行词的修饰或限制,对前面抽象名词作进一步的说明或解释,whether，

53、what, how 不能引导定从,whether，what, how能引导同从,that在定从中作主语、宾语。作宾语时可省略,that在同从不作任何成分，不能省略,即学即用 I 请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。 1. They expressed the hope _ they would come over to China soon. 2. The fact _ he didnt see Tom this morning is true. 3. Word has come _ some American guests will come to our college for a vi

54、sit next week. 4. He cant answer the question _ he got the money from his home yesterday. 5. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? 6. The problem _we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.,that,that,that,how,what,whether,II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。 1. Our t

55、eam has won the game, that made us very happy. 2. Ive come with a message from Mr Wang how he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not. 4. Ive read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday. 5. One of the men held the opi

56、nion when what the book said was right.,which,that,whether,that/ which或去掉where,that,1. 我不知道怎样到达火车站。 I have no idea how I can get to the railway station. 2. 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.,III. 用同位语从句翻译下列句子。,3. 人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。 People used to hold the opinion that the earth was the center of the universe. 4. 没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。 No one is happy with the fact t