The Subjunctive Mood 参考课件 2.ppt

1、The Subjunctive Mood,Grammar,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、空想等。现在对虚拟语气的结构及用法作简要叙述。,The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气特殊句型：,Wish 的宾语从句,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird.（现在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去） We wish our parents wouldnt punis

2、h us. （将来）,1. I wish I could remember more about my mother.,3. If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor.,5. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.,2. I wish that she were here with me and that we were not sick.,4. I wish people would find out the facts a

3、nd not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person,wish,In Subjunctive mood,虚拟语气的特殊用法：,1,I wish I _as tall as you.,were,I wish I_a bird.,were,I wish every day _my birthday.,were,I wish / wished I_so much watermelon.,hadnt eaten,I wish it _tomorrow.,would rain,条件句中的虚拟语气,had done,would/could/should/ mi

4、ght+ have done,1.did 2. be 动词一律 （were）,would/could/should/ might +do(原),did / were should do were to do,would/could/should/ might+do(原),(2)假如我是你的话，我会马上走 If I were you, I would go at once. (与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你）,(1)要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. (与过去事实

5、相反，事实上你来晚了。),(3)明天要是天气好的话, 我来看你. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. （与将来事实可能相反）,本句从句中的动词形式还可用下面的形式： If it should be sunny tomorrow, I . If it were to be sunny tomorrow, I ,If I _the lottery, I _an expensive car.,won,would buy,If I had a lot of money,I _a villa.,would buy,If it were

6、fine now,I _shopping.,would go,If I _a teacher, I.,were,2,as if / as though,He behaves as if he owned the house.,( But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.),He talked about Rome as though he _there himself.,had been,2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had

7、三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Ha

8、d I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?,注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。,If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。,If he were here, everything would be all righ

9、t. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。,典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I,答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do.,6.without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是

10、Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,高考题点击1) You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt get B

11、. had drivenwouldnt have got C. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get,前句用的是陈述语气，告诉我们一个事实；后句是虚拟语气，表示与过去相反的一种假设。,2) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallenB. had not fallen C

12、. should fall D. were to fall,该句主句中用的是与现在相反的虚拟语气，而从句中使用的是与过去相反的虚拟语气。全句意思为“如果我不在七岁时迷上了我们家乡的 Melinda Cox Library，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。”,条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况 虚拟倒装句 What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked

13、farther,当虚拟条件句中有 were, should 和 had 这三个词时，可以省略if，而将这三个词提到句首形成倒装。,虚拟语气在条件主从复合句中 1. I _ (come)too if I had time to spare. 2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ (come), she would have met my brother. 3. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there_ (be)more deaths.,should come,

14、had come,would have been,4.If it _(rain) tomorrow, we _(not go out). 5._(be) I in good health, I _ (go) with you tomorrow. e.g. Had you told me earlier, I could have done something. Should anyone call, tell him to call in the afternoon.,rained/should rain/were to rain,should not go out,Were,would go

15、,II.在宾语从句中,He is not a pilot, but he wishes he_ (be). I wish I _(meet)him yesterday. I wish it _(be) fine tomorrow. He ordered the work _ (start) at once. Id rather you _(stay) at home all day today.,were,had met,would be,(should ) be started,stayed,III.在主语从句中,1. It is strange that he _(make) such a

16、 mistake. Thats unexpected. (necessary, important, impossible, natural, surprising, a pity etc.) 2. It was required that each student _ (bring) enough food on the trip. (ordered, suggested, demanded, desired, etc.),(should) make,bring,IV.在表语从句或方式状从中,1. My demand is that you _ (get up)at six. 2. He s

17、peaks as if he _(be) an Englishman. 3. They talked as if they _(be) good friends for years.,(should) get up,were,had been,V.在同位语从句中,Presently he made the suggestion that they _(carry on)their conversation in French.,(should) carry on,VI.在其他句型中,Even if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem. Wit

18、hout air, there _(be) no living things. But for your help, I _ (not, do) it. 4. If only I _(take) his advice, but I didnt.,were,would be,couldnt have done,had taken,5. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _(come) to the meeting. 6. Look at the clock! Its(high) time we _(go) home.,would have come,went/should go,VII.复杂句型或惯用结构中,1.If she hadnt trained so hard, she _ (not，be) able to run so fast toda