Cloze做法.ppt

1、Cloze,考试大纲,命题特点,题型分析,CLOSE TEST,总则:测试学生综合运用语言能力. 难度:适中 题材:熟悉 字数:220-250 要求: 共20题,考试时间为15分钟, 空白处所删去的词既有实词也有虚词,每个空白为一题, 每题有四个选择项.,CLOZE TEST,完形填空综合了词汇、结构以及阅读理解部分的测试内容。它不仅测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，还测试应试者在语篇上综合运用语言结构的能力。完形填空中所填的词是与文章的上下文紧密联系的。,命题特点： 1)体裁上多为说明文，议论文.文章题材涉及教育，科技，人文等，其内容和范围能为学生所理解和接受，难度不超过大学英语的

2、实际水平。 2)文章短,空白多。,CLOZE 题型分析,历年完型填空文章分析表,历年测试知识点统计表,完型考点,(一) 完形填空考什么？ 1）词汇 a）四个不相干词辨析 A. average B. massive C. abundant D. general b）同义词、近义词辨析 A. profit B. payment C. income D. budget c）形近词辨析 A. community B. competitiveness C. comprehension D. commitment,常考的高频单词字母排列顺序 1、出现频率特别高 a: ab- /abs-/ac-/ad-/a

3、g -/af -/as- s: sub-/subs- t: trans-/te -/ tr - c: con-/com-/co-/col -/ cor - r: re- i: im -/in-/ ir -/ il- b: p: pre-/pro- e: ex-/en- d: dis-/de-,2、从来不考的 x z j k q,词汇测试重点 1、同义词和近义词辨析 read 看书 watch 看电视、足球比赛 see 看电影、戏剧 look at 看黑板 vacant 暂时没有充满而空；暂时没有占用而空 bare 土地光秃秃的 blank 因为没写字而空 hollow 空心的 - soild（

4、反） empty 空空如也的,2、形相近、意相远词的辨析 con- consequently 结果是 continuously 不断地，连续不停地 constantly 始终如一地 consistently 一贯地,2）词组 a）四个不相干动词词组的辨析 A. For examle B. By contrast C. In particular D. On average b）相同动词+不同介、副词的辨析 But experts say Japan is unique in that sales have been decreasing steadily 78 time. A. over B.

5、 against C. on D. behind c）不同动词+相同介、副词的辨析 d）固定搭配,3 )理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系 只有明白文章结构，了解各段落之间的关系，才能加深对文章的理解。明白了各部分是如何为表现主题思想服务的，也就更容易把握带空的句子所需要的是什么内容，因此就更容易选准答案了。文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系。,表 示列举的连词：first, second, third; firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the

6、 second place; for one thing, ;to begin with, to conclude e.g. Moods appear to be (82)readily influenced by marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and (83)volume of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the (84)amount of time spent in supermarkets or intentions to purchas

7、e products. (2007-12),表示原因的连词：because, since, as, now that, for e.g. They never alter their incorrect mental models of planetary(行星的)motion because their everyday observations didnt support what their teachers told them.,3. 表示结果的连词：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result e

8、.g. Thus, for example, we should expect to see (78)consumers in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a (79)favorable manner than they would when not in such a state.(2007-12),4. 表示转折关系: however, but, yet e.g. Arguably the most important conclusion that emerges from the data, however, i

9、s not something that we found-but what we did not. Students can learn the right answers by heart in class, and yet never combined them with their working models of the world.,5.表示对照或比较的连词：on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, similarly, the same as, lik

10、ewise e.g. The effect of a consumers mood can be thought of in much the same way as can our reactions to the behaviors of our friends.(2007-12) Similarly, consumers operating under a given mood state tend to react to stimuli (刺激因素) in a direction consistent with that mood state.,6. 表示让步的连词：neverthel

11、ess, nonetheless, still, though, although, in spite of, despite, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever/whoever, anyway e.g. Nevertheless, whether the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel dissatisfied with things-as-they-are in the classroom. Though youve got to know them

12、to do it, by helping too much, or even examining answers too carefully, you may keep them from doing it by themselves.,7. 表 示补充的连词：also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also e.g. Moreover, mood states appear capa

13、ble of enhancing a consumers memory. In addition, advertising can influence consumers moods which, in return, are capable of influencing consumers reactions to products.,8. 表示时间顺序的连词：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once e.g. Consider what happens when one person is speaking

14、 to another. Before you buy a new appliance, talk to someone who owns one .,9.表示目的的连词：that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that e.g. The man had to circle the airport several times in order to become familiar with the controls of the plane.,10.表 示条件的连词：if, suppose (that), supposing (that), u

15、nless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that) e.g. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the best buy if you choose one which look you like and which is also the cheapest in price. Most children with healthy appetites

16、are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food unless it is badly cooked.,3）固定搭配题 固定搭配题在完形填空中占了15%左右的比重，在大学英语四级考试完形填空中主要考查的固定搭配题包括对动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语的考查。我们平时应积累和掌握尽可能多的固定短语，只有这样才能在这一部分得到高分。,They are 79 of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herd

17、s and start farming again。(2007.6) 79. A) seeking B) dreaming C) longing D) searching B 【解析】题目中空格后为of，四个选项中seek常与for，after搭配，long与for搭配，dream与of搭配，search与for搭配。因此选项B)为正确答案。,4)语法规则大学英语四级考试完形填空常考的语法项目有：动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、定语从句、宾语从句、虚拟语气、倒装结构等。在近几年的考试中对各种从句的考查频率较多，请大家注意。做这一类题除了要有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内

18、容，这样才能确保答案的正确。,“We started thinking of 86 to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua, chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories。(2006.6)86. A) what B) how C) whether D) when A 【解析】本题考查宾语从句的用法。在名词性从句中，what要作语法成分，作主语或宾语。同时宾语从句的引导词可以放在不定式的前面，形成引导词加不定式的特殊结构，因此选A)。,做完形填空注意事项 1、时间分配 共15分钟： 23分钟

19、浏览 58分钟做题（先易后难） 10分钟后再检查 2、不要轻易改答案 3、学会放弃,考场建议： 1 拿到题目，首先从词汇角度考虑，因为词汇考察要占70%以上（其中有与语法考察相交部分），每一题必然是考某一个语法点。掌握语法结构和规则，记住短语搭配，用熟悉的短语去推断正确的答案。 2 从词汇着手不行之后，在从句意着手，透彻理解句子的意思，注意句子逻辑关系。 3重视第一印象，总是第一反应，因为第一反应往往来自于语感。 4先易后难，容易的熟悉的题要一跳而过，难题也不要多花时间，先猜一个答案，再在题目前做一个记号，等到检查时，再考虑。也许在做其它题目时，你会得到某种启示。,5.寻找复现和同现关系 “同

20、现”指意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链 Sample: I have no doubt that all these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun; (they) may even have written it (on) a test. A advised B suggested C learned D taught “复现”包括原词重复同近义词复现反义词复现等 Sample 1: If you are buying a hairdryer, you might (t

21、hink) that you are making the 66 buy if choose one (whose) look you like and which is also the cheapest (in) price. A proper B best C reasonable D most Sample 2: when our friends are happy and “up”, that tends to influence us positively, when they are “down”, that can have a 75 impact on us. A relat

22、ive B decisive C negative D sensitive,解题步骤,步骤一，重视首句,把握主题 通读整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和结构，确立正确的背景知识。在第一遍阅读中，要善于从文章开头的几句话中把握短文的背景、主题或结构，并结合常识判断构建一定的预期，并在随后的阅读中，不断修正，以求与原文一致。通常情况下，文章开头的一、两句话都是完整的信息，这些句子揭示文章的背景知识或主题思想;在有的文章中,各段首句连起来可组合成对主题的概括.各首句之间存在各种逻辑关系,一般以转折和并列比较常见.,步骤二, 速读全文,掌握大意 此时并不是开始做题,而是先浏览全文,了解大意.这里的速读并不是快速阅读的那种”寻读”, 而是逐行逐句都要浏览一遍,不必看选项,目的是大致了解文章内容和考题,做到心中有数.,步骤三，初选