非谓语动词v-ing.ppt

1、Grammar,非谓语动词：,1. 动词不定式(infinitive) to do,2. v-ing形式 doing,3. v-ed形式,即过去分词 done,时 态 和 语 态,doing,being done,doing,having done,having been done,having done,sleeping students,一、The -ing Form used as Attribute （-ing形式作定语）,boiling water,flying kites,a dancing girl,the rising sun,(2) a walking stick,(1) a

2、 walking man,= a man who is walking,= a stick for walking,Whats the difference between (1) and (2)?,小 结1,-ing形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行且与逻辑主语之间是主动关系（如例（1），此时相当于一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途（如例（2）。,(1) a swimming man,(2) a swimming pool,a running man,The man running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,attribute,The man who i

3、s running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,相当于：,1. The teacher teaching us English is Ms Zhou.,Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.,=The teacher who is teaching us English is Ms Zhou.,2. The people sitting behind us are all teachers.,3. The expert coming from America is a lady calle

4、d Ms Cai.,=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.,=The expert who comes from America is a lady called Ms Cai.,单个的-ing形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面；-ing短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。,小 结2,3. 注意v-ing形式与其他非谓语动词作定语时区别：（优化方案P135）,（1）doing作定语-,主动，动作正在进行,（3）done作定语-,被动，动作已完成,（2）being done作定语-,被动，动作正在进行,（4）to do作定语-,

5、将来要发生的动作,（5）having done-,不能作定语，用定语从句代替,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.,二、The -ing Form used as Object Complement（-ing形式作宾语补足语）,The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.,We have the fire burning all day.,动

6、词-ing形式作宾语补足语放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。,小 结1,能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些：,“五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”。简单又好记！,make, let, have, keep, leave, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel 等。,怎么记？,1. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still_. A. having beat B. beating C. b

7、eaten D. to beat,Exercise,2. The sun _ in the west looks even more beautiful. A. setting B. being set C. that setting D. to be set,3. The house _ now is our library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. to be repaired D. which is repaired,4. Who is the man talking to our headmaster? A professor _ a visi

8、t to our school. A. pays B. is paying C. paid D. paying,5.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D.being followed,、,6.The _ boys were last seen_ near the river. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play,7. Mr.

9、Smith, _of the _speech, started to read a novel. (NMET2003) A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring,、,8. The picture _on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung,-ing形式具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。如：,三、Subject,In many countries, shaking

10、ones head means “no” and nodding means “yes”.,It is no use trying to persuade him.,1. v-ing形式与不定式作主语的区别,to do作主语表示： v-ing作主语表示：,It is bad manners _ (stare) at a foreign guest.,_ (learn) a foreign language is very useful to me.,应该注意的问题：,某个特定的、具体的,将来的动作,抽象的、习惯性，经常性的动作,to stare,Learning,2. 注意用it 作形式主语的

11、情况： 句型：_,It is/was no good/ use doing sth.,3. 注意主谓一致： v-ing形式作主语，谓语v.一般用_. (2) 由and连接的多个v-ing形式作主语，谓v.用_. (3) 如果并列的v-ing形式前后语义一致，即说的是一个概念时，谓v.用_.,单数,单数,复数,4. v-ing形式的逻辑主语可用名词或代词的所有格来表示。如：,eg: Marys becoming a college student greatly encouraged me.,eg: Does our saying that mean anything to him?,四、Obj

12、ect,eg: Have you finished using the telephone?,eg: He tried to avoided being punished.,应该注意的问题：,1. allow, advise, forbid, permit +,doing,sb./sth. to do,被动：sb./sth. +be + allowed/ advised / forbidden/ permitted + _,to do,2. need, require, want “需要被” +,doing =,to be done,eg: The TV set needs to be men

13、ded. =,The TV set needs mending.,3. begin, continue, hate, like, love + would like/ love +_,doing =,to do,to do,4. 加to do 和 doing 意义不同的词： (1) forget/ regret/ remember+,doing,to do,(2) go on to do / doing,(3) mean to do / doing,(4) stop to do / doing,(5) try to do / doing,(6) be used to do / doing us

14、ed to do,(7) cant help to do / doing,五、Predicative,eg: His duty is cleaning the playground. 表语和主语常常可以互换位置,1. v-ing形式与不定式作表语的区别： (1) 一般情况下区别不大，常可互换，但要注意前后一致性。,应该注意的问题：,eg: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe. 眼见为实。,eg： 节约即是收入。 Saving is having. = _,To save is to have.,(2) v-ing形式接近n. 作表语时表示 _

15、; to do 接近v. 作表语时表示 _.,习惯性的抽象的动作,某个具体的，将来的动作,2. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing,Exercises,1. Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having been fined B. to have been fi

16、ned C. to be fined D. being fined,3. The thief took away the womans wallet without_ A. being seen B. seeing C. him seeing D. seeing him,5. No one can avoid _ by advertisements. A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having influence,4. Ive enjoyed _ to talk with you. A. to be able

17、 B. being able C. to been able D. of being able,7. You cant help _ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another. A. to hear B. to be heard C. hearing D. with hearing,6. Your shirt needs _. Youd better have it done today. A. iron B. to iron C. iro

18、ning D. being ironed,8. He is very busy _ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers. A. to write; to receive B. writing; to receive C. writing; receiving D. to write; for receiving,9. Please stop _, boys, I have something important to _ you. A. saying; talk B. telling; say C. talking; speak D. talkin

19、g; tell,10. “Why were you so late for work today?”“_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.” A. Driving B. I drove C. To drive D. That I drove,Grammar,The v-ing Form used as Adverbial(状语),1. v-ing 形式的时态和语态：,一般式：,doing,被动：being done,完成式：,having done,被动：having been done,否定式：,

20、一般式的否定：not + v-ing,完成式的否定：not + having done,(1) 一般式表示的动作与谓语v.表示的动作一般同时进行。,eg: 他赶快回家，一边走一边不时地向后看。 He hurried home, _ behind from time to time as he went.,looking,eg: 有人请她表演一个节目，她拒绝了 _ (ask) to put on a performance, she refused.,Being asked,(2) 完成式表示的动作则在谓语v.表示的动作之前已经完成。,eg: 在听到这点之后，那位宇航员表示满意。 _ (hear

21、) this, the astronaut expressed her satisfaction.,eg: 给你这样一个好机会，你怎能轻易放过？ _ (give) such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?,Having heard,Having been given,2. v-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步，伴随状况等。 前提：其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且是主动关系。,(1) 表原因，相当于原因状语从句,eg: Being ill, she didnt go to school. =,As she wa

22、s ill, she didnt go to school.,(2) 表时间，相当于时间状语从句,有时前可加when, while 连词,eg: 因为没有收到回信，我又给他写了封信。 _(receive) an answer, I wrote to him again. =,Not having received,As I had not received an answer, ,eg: When hearing the good news, the students were happy.=,When they heard the good news,(3) 表伴随，相当于并列句，表示伴随的

23、次要动作或补充说明。,eg: Having finished his work, Henry went home.=,eg: She opened the door and stood there, frowning at me.=,She opened the door, stood there and frowned at me.,After he finished his work, ,(4) 表条件，相当于条件状语从句，其前可加if, unless等连词。,eg: If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.=,If yo

24、u play all day,(5) 表让步，相当于让步状语从句，其前可加although, even though/ if等连词。,eg: Having failed several times, he didnt lose heart.=,Though he had failed several times,(6) 表结果。,eg:汽车陷入交通堵塞，导致耽搁了 The car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay.,3. 当分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不同时，分词要有自己的主语(构成独立主格结构)。,eg:夜幕降临，我们动身回家了。 Night coming on, we started for home.,eg:她站在那里，头靠在树上。 She stood there, her head leaning on the tree.,有时也可用一个v-ing短语来解释整个句子，常把这些短语看作固定结构。,eg: Jud