lesson 15-lesson 16自考本科英美报刊.ppt

1、Lesson 15,Thrown Together in a Crisis, Strangers Share Cars and Life Stories,纽约公交系统大罢工的经济影响 美国纽约市公交系统3万3千名公车和地铁工人罢工，让纽约市交通陷入了瘫痪。 数百万纽约人冒着严寒途步上班。途步穿过布鲁克林大桥，赶往曼哈顿上班，其 中也包括纽约市长布隆伯格。住得更远的人，要么几个人一起搭车上班，要么被 迫留在家中。估计罢工给纽约带来的经济损失每天高达数亿美元。 纽约的一名法官裁决，这次罢工属于非法，要求工会立即停止罢工，并接 受每天100万美元的罚款。纽约市长布隆伯格也强烈指责工会的罢工决定，称这

2、 次罢工是“不讲道德的，”“不知羞耻的”，“自私自利的。” 然而，纽约公交系统 的工会却辩解说，他们是在为工会成员的尊严和经济生存而斗争。目前，纽约市 立交通管理局和工会的意见分歧主要集中在退休金、工资和医疗保险三个方面。 华盛顿智囊机构布鲁金斯学会的经济政策研究员伯特雷斯表示，纽约公交系统工 会的情况不同。 他说：“这些人并不面临失业的风险，不像通用汽车公司、西北 航空、达美航空、联合航空等公司的情况。那些公司的员工如果不接受减薪和减 少福利的条件，就完全可能会失业。” *低收入小生意最受影响* 这次纽约公交系 统的大罢工，使纽约市的经济受到了严重影响。因为罢工，大约有20%到40%的 纽约

3、人无法正常上班。大公司的专业人员，要么可以在家工作，要么可以几个人 一起开车进城，因此受影响最大的，是小生意和收入最低的工人。 她说：“大家 都有一种不满情绪，因为受影响最大的，恰恰是那些最承受不起的人。对纽约公 交系统依赖性最大的，也是收入最低、居住地点远、无法步行上班、而又不能不 上班赚钱的人。” *零售业损失惨重* 这个星期是圣诞节前的最后一个星期，也是 零售商增加销售业绩的最后的指望。然而，纽约市的百货和专卖商店，这两天却 因为公交系统的罢工，顾客廖廖无几。,Outline I (1-2) Specific examples of car-pooling(拼车): Strangers

4、sharing of a car Notes: temp=n. temporary employee esp. secretary buddy n. = friend van n. small car for delivering,II. (3-4) New Yorkers behavior during the transit strike Display of fellowship and creativity Notes: 3. loathing= n. disgust厌恶 anonymity n. name unknown匿名 intimacy n. close relationshi

5、p or friendship亲密 trade in A for B 用旧物换新物,III. (5-17)Car pooling Emergency regulations for car pooling Comparison between the 2005 regulations and the 1980 regulations 3. Intimacy in shared vehicles 4. Car drivers efforts to fill the car,IV. (18-32) Other means of transportation Pedestrians(步行） 2. S

6、huttle buses（短程往返大巴） 3. Rides with a fee 4. Creative means: Scooters（小型摩托）, skateboards and bicycles Idea of horse riding,V (33-35) Comment on peoples behavior during the transit strike: Appreciation of the nice attitude,Answers 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C New yorkers were friendly towards strangers du

7、ring the strike. They put aside their fear and loathing of strangers. People of different occupations traded in normal anonymity of subway stations for the intimacy of an unfamiliar car. 2. The regulations - and the car-pooling they inspired- was more widespread than those in the 1980 transit strike

8、. Then, cars with two or more occupants were allowed on Manhattan streets and only those with a single rider were prohibited south of 96th Street and in certain tunnels and bridges.,3. In the car, an instant fellowship developed and things quicky got personal. They exchanged information on topics su

9、ch as job and family. 4. They offered snacks and coffee, and encouraged those pedestrians. 5. New York is surely a city ruled by money. Peoples relationshuip towards each other is to a large extent decided by money. All kinds of service have to be paid for. People in New York are preoccupied with mo

10、neymaking. They live a fast-paced life and engage in fierce competition for higher pay.,Lesson 16 Gambling on a Roll,Outline I (1) A Nation of gamblers Crowded casinos 2. Legal practice Notes: unprecedented= adj. never having happened前所未有的 sidle up to . = move in the specified direction ply = move t

11、o somewhere II （2-4）Growth of Americas gambling business The widerspread of gambling business Record amounts of money spent on gambling Huge gross receipts from gambling Notes: 2. wager= v. bet, gamble赌博 reckon sth. in= include sth in a calculation将sth计算在内 fictitious adj. imagine or invented, not re

12、al boom n. sudden increase fiscal adj. financial foist on = force sb. into accepting sth.,III. (5-9) The Rise in state-run lotterries Cause of the rise of state-run lotteries Shapes and sizes of state-run lotteries Their impact on private gambling business Other forms of state-run gambling business

13、Notes: 5. undermine= v. weaken gradually渐渐削弱 payout n. large payment of money付款；支出 proceeds n. money obtained by selling收益；收入 6. relentlessly adv. harshly苛刻地 8. abound=v. to exist in very large number or quantities,IV( 10-12) The fast increase of cities and states of gambling Deadwood, South Dakota

14、in addition to Florida, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Indian Reservations; 2. Mississippi, Louisiana, Iowa, Illinois 3. Oregan V. (13-14) Gambling Business of Las Vegas Huge growth of gambling business New entrepreneurs management Notes: 13. metropolitan= adj. large or capital city大都市的 census n. 人口普查 1

15、4. versed adj. skilled in sth精通于,VI (15) Prospects of Americas Gambling business Gambling boom will continue,Answers 1. C 2. B 3. B . 4. D 5. A In America there exists some kind of legal gambling almost in every state. And everywhere record amounts of money are being gambled. 2. The main ingredient

16、in this boom of gambling is the rise of state-sponsored lotteries. 3. Because in early 1980s many states faced fiscal difficulties and sought to avoid raising taxes. As a result, they introduced lotteries. The next-door states were afraid of the loss of revenue to neighbours, so they also set up the

17、ir own lotteries. That was why gambling was legalised in many states.,4. State-run lotteries undermined the moral argument against privately sponsored gambling and served as a great impetus to private gambling business. 5. Because gambling can offer a one-off opportunity of becoming a millionaire. 6. The people who are running casinos now are those smart busin