高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 11 The Media课件 北师大版必修4.ppt

1、Unit 11The Media,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.current adj.当前的,现在的 2.affair n.事情,事件 3.explode vt.爆炸 explosion n.爆发;爆炸;激增 explosive adj.易爆炸的;突增的 4.agenda n.议程 5.political adj.政治的 politics n.政治,政治学 6.widespread adj.广泛的 7.poverty n.贫穷,穷困 8.administration n.管理,行政 administer vt.管理;执行 9.reform n.改革,改良,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1

2、0.demand v.解析,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,20.arise vi.发生;出现 21.blame vt.责怪,归咎于 22.employ vt.雇用;使用 employment n.雇佣;职业 employer n.雇主;老板 employee n.雇工,雇员,职工 unemployment n.失业(状态) 23.legal adj.合法的,与法律有关的 illegal (反义词)adj.非法的 24.attempt vt.辩解 26.argument n.争吵,争论 argue vt.装扮 vi.假装;自称 30.advertise /advertize vt.为做广告,登广

3、告 31.budget n.预算 32.visually adv.外表上;视觉地 visual adj.视觉的;视力的 33.boom n.迅速增长 34.concept n.概念;观念 35.approach n.方法,方式 36.contemporary adj.当代的 37.contribution n.贡献,捐助 contribute vt.投稿,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,38.citizen n.公民;市民 citizenship n.公民身份;公民权 39.consideration n.体谅,体贴 consider vt.无罪 42.sightseeing n.观光,游览 4

4、3.spokesman n.发言人 44.bravery n.勇敢 brave adj.勇敢的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,45.faithfully adv.忠实地,真诚地 faithful adj.忠实的,忠诚的;正确的 faithfulness n.衷心;忠诚 46.interrupt vt.障碍物 47.environmental adj.自然环境的 48.protection n.保护,防卫,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.stand for 代表;支持 2.in detail 详细地,详尽地 3.(be) of concern 受关注的 4.have the distincti

5、on of 拥有的品质 5.in the end 最后,后来 e down to 结果是;可以归结为 7.in favo(u)r of 支持;赞同 8.in competition with 与竞争 9.hold the attention of 抓住的注意力 10.consist of 由组成 11.stand out 突出,显眼 12.as long as 只要 13.an amount of 许多,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,14.make a distinction 区别,区分 15.get stuck in 陷入;卡住 16.go ahead with 开始做;着手干,重点短语,重

6、点句型,重点单词,1.八国集团,或称G8,是由世界上经济最发达的八个国家于1998年成立。 The Group of Eight,or G8,was formed by eight of the worlds wealthiest nations in 1998. 2.他们认为,这是能够让许多(非洲)国家摆脱痛苦过去的唯一途径。 Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts . 3.传统广告是一种提供信息帮助人们找到产品的广告。 The clas

7、sic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products . 4.然而,并非所有的广告都是为谋求利润而销售产品和服务的。 However,not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit . 5.据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称,电视中的不良语言,只要不出现在儿童节目中,人们并不介意。 According to the research published by Leeds University yest

8、erday,people dont mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children .,The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products.Its likely to be just the name of a company,part of 1.which may be a general location. However,this k

9、ind of advertising mightnt be 2.suitable(suit)when competing directly with others in the market.Some ads consist of pictures or the words of experts to show people 3.how good the products are.Others spend much money on applying modern techniques of design to make these ads 4.visually(visual)attracti

10、ve. However,even this is often not enough 5.to be noticed(notice)today.Modern ads must stand out in a competitive world by combining the highest standards of design with ideas 6.linked(link)to the products. Many of todays top advertisers believe 7.using(use)humor as well as new and unusual ideas to

11、surprise people is very important.Their aim is to create something that has never been seen before and is 8.fascinating(fascinate)for people to look at.,However,not all advertising is about selling products and services for 9.a profit.Some contemporary ads mainly aim to make 10.contributions(contrib

12、ute)to society.There are public ads which encourage citizens to participate in improving their neighborhood,protecting the environment,and helping other people.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,demand v.有求于 meet/satisfy ones demand (for sth.)满足某人(的)需求,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,She demanded to see the headmaster.她请求见校长。 The teac

13、her demanded that the students (should) be on time to school.这位老师要求学生们准时到校。 I demand a lot of others but more of myself.我对别人要求很多,但对自己要求更多。 词义辨析 1.demand口气强硬,有断然的意味,通常指上级对下级不折不扣的要求,后接名词、不定式或从句。 2.request指比较正式、有礼貌地提出要求,语气比demand弱,且主语只能是人。可用request sb.to do sth.或request sth.from sb.结构。 3.require意为“要求,需

14、要”,着重指事物内在的需要或规章制度的要求。可以用require sb.to do sth.或require sth.of sb.结构;主语为物时常用require doing或require to be done结构。 4.insist指坚决要求,坚持。用法为insist on doing sth.或insist that.。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.The teacher came to the classroom and demanded to be told(tell) what had happened. 2.The parents demanded t

15、hat their son (should) devote(devote) most of the time to learning,even at weekends and holidays. 3.They can learn cooking skills,which are always in great demand.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,arise vi.发生;出现;起来;升起 A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。 常见用法 arise from/out of由引起,由产生 Accidents arise from carelessness

16、.疏忽大意往往会引发事故。 词义辨析,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用arise,rise或raise的适当形式完成句子 1.这东西太重,我举不起来。 This thing is too heavy.I cant raise it. 2.突变的计划可能会导致严重的纠纷。 Serious complications may arise from this sudden change of plans. 3.河水上涨了好几米。 The river has risen by several meters.,重点短语,重点句型,重点

17、单词,employ vt.雇用;使忙于,使从事于 The paparazzi are self-employed photographers.狗仔队是个人摄影者。(教材原句P24) 常见用法 employ sb./sth.as雇用某人作为/把某物作为 employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事 employ oneself (in) doing sth.从事;忙于 be employed (in) doing sth.从事;忙于 The general manager employed her as his private secretary.总经理聘请她当私人秘书。 He emp

18、loyed a detective to shadow his wife.他雇用了一名私人侦探去盯他夫人的梢。 He employed his knife as a lever.他把刀子当杠杆用。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 employee n.雇工,雇员 employer n.雇主,老板 employment n.雇用;工作,职业 unemployment n.失业(状态) 现学活用 单句填空 1.Theyve just employed (employ) five new waiters. 2.She is looking for permanent employment (

19、employ). 3.The employers (employ) treat their workers badly. 4.The manager fired three employees (employ). 5.Shes employed as a taxi driver.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,blame vt.责备;责怪;归咎于 n.责备,过失 The media is often blamed for encouraging the paparazzi.由于鼓励狗仔队的行为,媒体经常被谴责。(教材原句P24) 常见用法 1.be to blame (for.)(因)应承担责

20、任,该受到责备(用主动形式表被动意义) blame sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而责备某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 2.accept/take/bear the blame for.为承担责任;对负责 He blamed me for everything,which I thought very unfair.他把一切错误都归罪于我,我认为这很不公平。 He blamed the failure on his teacher.他将此次考试的失败归罪于他的老师。 He bears the blame for his sister.他替妹妹担了责任

21、。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用blame相关短语的适当形式完成句子 1.你必须承担这次事故的责任。 You must take/bear the blame for the accident. 2.约翰站起来为这个男孩辩护,说他不该受到责备。 John stood up in defence of the boy,saying that he was not the one to blame. 3.因学校电脑网络崩溃而受到了责备,艾丽丝情绪非常低落。 Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice wa

22、s in low spirits. 4.(2014江西高考改编)他被认为举止愚蠢。现在除了他自己没人能为他失去这份工作而负责。 He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,attempt vt.企图 常见用法 1.attempt sth.尝试某事 attempt to do sth.试图做某事 2.make an attempt to do/at (doing) sth.试图做某事 make an attempt o

23、n sb./ones life 试图杀害某人 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 The prisoners attempted an escape.囚犯企图逃跑。 Someone made an attempt on the Presidents life.有人企图刺杀总统。 拓展延伸 attempted adj.(犯罪等)未遂的 attempted murder 谋杀未遂,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用attempt的相关用法完成句子 1.谢莉认真准备了生物考试,以便她能够保证第一次就通过。 Shelly had prepared carefully for

24、her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it at the first attempt. 2.他因谋杀未遂被判了两年。 He was sentenced to two-years imprisonment for attempted murder . 3.他企图逃离监狱,但没有人帮助他。 He attempted to escape from the prison,but he couldnt find anybody to help him.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,defend vt.防御;保卫;保护;

25、辩护 常见用法 defend sb./sth.from.保护某人/物免遭 defend sb./sth.against.抵御 defend with sth.用来保卫 The law defends people from injustice.法律保护人民免受不公待遇。 We must defend ourselves against the invaders.我们必须防御入侵之敌。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析 1.defend指积极地抵抗、防御或挫败迫在眉睫的危险或侵袭,也可指为某人或某论点辩护。常与against连用。 When a dog attacked me,I defe

26、nded myself with a stick.当一只狗攻击我时,我用一根棍子防卫。 2.guard意为“保卫,警卫,看守”,指为了保证安全而站立守卫,含有警惕之意。常与against连用。 Its important to guard against diseases.预防疾病很重要。 3.protect指借用某种东西作为防御、保护工具,使人或物免受伤害,这种保护的成功率比defend,guard高。常与against,from连用。 We must protect children from danger.我们必须保护儿童免遭危险。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用defend

27、,guard或protect的适当形式填空 1.She defended herself successfully in court yesterday. 2.A line of forts was built along the border to protect/defend the country against attack. 3.We keep dogs to guard our houses at night against thieves.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,pretend vt.假装;装扮 vi.假装;自称 Pretending to be a repair man

28、 to get into the house of a film star and take pictures of her daily life.假扮成修理工进入某影星家中,拍一些她的日常生活照片。(教材原句P24) She pretended illness as an excuse.她谎称自己有病,作为借口。 常见用法 pretend to be+n./adj.假装 pretend to do sth.假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假装已经做了某事 pretend that.假装,重点短语,重

29、点句型,重点单词,I dont pretend to know as much as he does about it.我不敢说我对此事的了解有他那样多。 Sometimes the boy pretended to be asleep.有时候那个男孩假装睡着了。 The children pretend to be different animals dancing to the music.孩子们装扮成不同的动物跟着音乐跳舞。 He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered.老板进来时他假装在看一份重要

30、的文件。 现学活用 单句填空 1.He pretended not to mind(mind). 2.He pretended that he was not at home when we rang the doorbell. 3.He pretended to be studying(study)when his mother stepped into his room.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,approach vt.接近;着手处理;与交涉 vi.靠近 n.方法;方式;途径;通道;走近 For many of todays advertisers,repeating old ide

31、as is not a successful approach.对当今众多广告人来说,重复旧的理念并不是成功的办法。(教材原句P26) 常见用法 1.approach sb.for/about sth.就某事与某人商量/交涉 be approaching 正在/将要接近 approach to接近,近似 2.on the approach of.在快到的时候 make approaches to sb.设法接近某人 approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,He approached me about creating and design

32、ing the restaurant.他来找我创办并设计那家餐馆。 We will explore different approaches to gathering information.我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。 词义辨析 1.approach指处理某事的具体方法、步骤,与介词to连用。 2.method指有理论的、系统的、详细的方法。构成method of doing sth.结构。 3.way,普通用语,侧重简便的方法或途径。构成the way to do/of doing sth.结构。 4.means,单复数同形,可指具体的或抽象的方法、手段。构成by.means结构。,重点

33、短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用approach的相关用法完成句子 1.石油价格已接近10年来的最高水平了。 Oil prices have been approaching their highest level for almost ten years. 2.就业市场变了,因此我们找工作的途径也必须改变。 The job market has changed and our approach to finding work must change as well.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,in favor of 赞成,支持 拓展延伸 be in favor with sb.得到

34、某人的尊重、赞同等 lose favor with sb.失去某人的支持 in favor 受喜爱,受宠爱 in sbs favor 对某人有利 do sb.a favor=do a favor for sb.帮某人忙 owe sb.a favor 欠某人人情 If you go overboard,the probabilities are not in your favor.如果你鲁莽行事,那么形势将对你不利。 Could you do me a favor?能否请你帮我个忙?,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用favor的相关短语完成句子 1.你会赞成他的意见吗? Are you

35、 in favor of his opinion? 2.请帮忙把灯关掉好吗? Could you do me a favor and turn off the light? 3.我要请史蒂夫接受它。他欠我一个人情。 Ill ask Steve to take it.He owes me a favor .,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,consist of 由组成(一般不用于进行时态和被动语态) Some advertisements consist of pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products

36、 are.一些广告含有图片或专家说的话,向人们展示该产品是多么的好。(教材原句P26) His breakfast consists of dry bread and a cup of tea.他的早餐是不涂黄油的面包和一杯茶。 拓展延伸 1.consist in/lie in 在于;存在于 2.consistent adj.一致的 be consistent with 与一致 3.be made up of/be composed of 由组成 The beauty of this picture consists in its balance of colors.这幅画的美在于其色彩的和谐

37、。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.水由氢和氧组成。 Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 2.你现在说的与你昨天说的不一致。 What you are saying now isnt consistent with what you said yesterday. 3.美国是一个由来自世界各地的移民组成的国家。 The United States consists of/is made up of/is composed of immigrants from every part of the world.,重点短语,重点句型,重

38、点单词,被动语态 The Group of Eight,or G8,was formed by eight of the worlds wealthiest nations in 1998.八国集团,或称G8,是由世界上经济最发达的八个国家于1998年成立。(教材原句P22) 1.被动语态的构成形式。 (1)一般现在时:am/is/are+done(过去分词)。 He is regarded as brilliant by people.人们认为他很有才华。 (2)一般过去时:was/were+done(过去分词)。 The foreign guests were given a warm w

39、elcome by the children.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。 (3) 现在进行时:am/is/are being+done(过去分词)。 A new cinema is being built here.这儿正在修建一家电影院。 (4)过去进行时:was/were being+done(过去分词)。 A meeting was being held when I walked in.我进去时,(他们)正在开会。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,(5)现在完成时:has/have been+done(过去分词)。 A power station has been set up in the

40、ir hometown.他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。 (6)过去完成时:had been+done(过去分词)。 By last December three ships had been built by them.到去年年底他们已造了三艘船。 (7) 一般将来时:shall/will be+done(过去分词)。 More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探索。 (8)情态动词:情态动词+be done(过去分词)。 The refrigerator can

41、 be put in that place.我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.使用被动语态的情况。 (1)讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省略by短语)。 My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 (2)借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.我有十分钟时间考虑是否接受这一提议。 特别提醒 英语中有很多动词,如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,o

42、pen,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 This kind of cloth washes well.这种布很好洗。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.Hundreds of jobs will be lost(lose) if the factory closes. 2.All the preparations for the task have been completed (complete),and were ready to start.,重点短语,重点

43、句型,重点单词,表语从句 Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts.他们认为,这是能够让许多(非洲)国家摆脱痛苦过去的唯一途径。(教材原句P22) 本句是由that引导的表语从句。表语从句的引导词可以是从属连词that;也可以是连接副词when,why,how,where等;也可以是连接代词what,who,which等。表示“是否”时,一般用whether;表示“似乎”时用as if/though。 The trouble is that

44、Ive lost his phone number.麻烦的是我把他的电话号码弄丢了。 The question is whether he will stand up for us.问题在于他是否会维护我们。 It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来要下雨了。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单项填空 1.(2011山东高考)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is he never finishes anything. ( D ) A.thatB.when C.whereD.why

45、2.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was it was rather closely modeled on his own life.( B ) A.whatB.that C.whyD.whether,一、单句填空 1.(2015浙江高考改编)This type of graph is most(common) used to show how something changes over time. commonly。此处指“被广泛地使用”,应用副词修饰动词used。 2.(2

46、015江苏高考改编)Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital (assistant). puters用复数表示泛指,assistant也应用复数与之匹配。句意:像电脑和个人数码助手一样,手机已成为越来越多的电子垃圾的一部分了。 3.(2015重庆高考改编)The camps have excellent horses,(profession) guides and lots of support workers.

47、 professional。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词复数guides,professional意为“专业的,职业的”。句意:营地里有优良的马匹、专业的导游和众多的支持工作者。,4.(2015陕西高考改编)Previous generations concentrated on (get) children to school on time,fed,dressed and ready to learn. getting。on为介词,其后接动名词作宾语。句意:前辈家长们关注的是让孩子按时去上学,让孩子吃好、穿好、做好求学的准备。 5.(2015北京高考改编)If accepted for the job,youll (inform) soon. be informed。主句主语you与inform之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。句意:如果他们接受你从事这份工作,会很快通知你的。 6.(2015