项目管理中的环境因素.ppt

1、Project Management Environment,Chapter 2,PMP Preparation Training,云志网络,Objectives,To be able to describe: Project life cycle Characteristics of the project phases Key project stakeholders Organizational and socioeconomic influences on the project Key management skills used in managing a project,Proj

2、ect Life Cycle,Defines the beginning and end of the project Divides the project into phases that provide better management control and the appropriate links to the ongoing operations of the organization,Phase Characteristics,Deliverables Tangible, verifiable work products Reviews Evaluation of deliv

3、erables and project performance Phase Exit Criteria Measurements used to determine if project should go into next phase,Characteristics of Life Cycle,Defines the beginning and end of the project Deliverables usually approved before work starts on the next phase Sometimes a subsequent phase is begun

4、prior to approval of the previous phase. This is called fast tracking. Defines technical work and implementers,Characteristics of Life Cycle (cont.),Cost and staffing levels are low at the start, higher towards the end, and drop as project closes Probability of project success is low at the start of

5、 the project and gets progressively higher as the project continues Cost of changes and of error correction generally increases as the project continues,Phases and Resources Usage,Concept5% Development20% Implement60% Close Out15%,Project Stakeholders,Individuals and organizations who are actively i

6、nvolved in the project and whose interests may be positively or negatively affected by the project success or failure,Key Stakeholders Project manager Manages the project Customer Uses the product or service Performing organization Enterprise that does the project work Sponsor Provides financial res

7、ources,Organizational Influences,Organizational systems Project-based Derive income by performing projects for others Treat on-going operations as projects (management by projects) Non-Project-based No project-oriented systems in place to support project needs efficiently and effectively,Organizatio

8、nal Cultures deciding how, when, in what form, and to whom Negotiating Conferring with others in order to come to terms or reach an agreement,Management Skills (cont.),Problem solving Defining the causes of problems, analyzing the problems to identify viable solutions, and selecting the best one Inf

9、luencing the organization Understanding the formal and informal structures and the mechanics of power and politics and using this knowledge to get things done,Social-Economic-Environmental Influences,Projects have positive or negative impacts on people, economics, and the environment Organizations a

10、re accountable for these impacts,Standards and regulations Project plan should reflect how standards and regulations affect the project Internationalization Consider the effect of time-zone differences, national holidays, travel requirements, teleconferencing, and political differences,Social-Economic-Environmental Influences,Cultural influences Projects operate within a context of cultural norms that affect the way people and organizations interact Social-Economic-Environmental Sustainability Projects have unintended positive and negative impacts