动词语态8.ppt

1、动词的语态 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 1. 若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词。feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch The teacher made me go out of the classroom.- I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). We saw him play football

2、 on the playground.- He was seen to play football on the playground.,2.当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。 They let the stranger go.- The stranger was let go.3. 若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.- I was allowed / permitted to see my cla

3、ssmate in the hospital.,4. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown. My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before.,5. 表示据说或相信 的词组 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, su

4、ppose, think, understandIt is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted that 被视为当然It has been decided that 大家决定 It must be remember that务必记住的是It is said that she will leave

5、 for Wuhan on Tuesday.,6.不用被动语态的情况 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 (错) The price has been risen.(对) The pr

6、ice has risen.(错) The accident was happened last week.(对) The accident happened last week.(错) The price has raised.(对) The price has been raised.(错) Please seat.(对) Please be seated.,2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands

7、with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong toThis key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard.,3) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反

8、身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.,5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her.,12.5 主动形式表示被动意义 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, driveThe book sells well.这本书销路好。This knife cut

9、s easily. 这刀子很好用。2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build I was to blame for the accident.Much work remains.,3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。4)

10、 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。,12.6 被动形式表示主动意义 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。H

11、e married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.,1. Guilin, a city in southern China, _ its beautiful scenery, surpassing that of any other place in the world. A. is well known as B. well known as C. well known for D. is well known for 2. The children went there to watch the iron tower_. A erect

12、ing B. be erected C. being erected D. to erect 3. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court. A. objected to having B. objected to have C. were objected to have D. were objected to having 4. _ permission to hold a party at home, Mary started to write an in

13、vitation to her friends. A. Giving B. Having been given C. Having given D. To be given,5. The local health organization is reported _ twenty five years ago when Dr. Andon became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set up 6. - So far_. -That is t

14、oo bad. A. we received nothing from him B. nothing from him has been received C. he sent no message to us D. nothing received 7. By next summer John_in his factory for three years. A. have been working B. will have been working C. will be working D. has worked,8. The rest of the evening _singing and

15、 dancing. A. has given up to B. will give up to C. will be given up to D. gives up to 9. _that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation of an interstellar gas cloud. A. It is believed B. To believe C. To be believed D. Believed 10. _the financial means to re

16、main independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator. A. He was deprived ofB. That he was deprived of C. Deprived ofD. Although he was deprived,11. Having been asked to speak at the convention,_. A. some notes were prepared for Dr. Smith B. Dr. Smith prepare

17、d some notes C. the convention members were pleased to hear Dr. Smith D. some notes were prepared by Dr. Smith. 12. I suppose that when I come back in ten years time all these old houses _down. A. will have been pulled B. will be pulling C. will have pulled D. will be pulled 13. _ such a good chance he planned to learn more. A. Giving B. Having given C. Having been given D. To be given,14. _ permission