现在完成时笔记

1、现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时，先从结构和句式开始：一基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)构成：主语+ have / has +过去分词+其他(当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have。过去分词：规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)句型：肯定句：主语+ have / has +过去分词+其他否定式：主语+ havent / hasnt +过去分词+其他疑问式：Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其他?简略答语：Yes,主语+ ha

2、ve / has.(肯定)No,主语+ havent / hasnt.(否定)二现在完成时的使用例句。 (一)肯定式 1)Ive just copied all the new words .。 (表示不要再抄了) 2)She has lost her books . (表示到目前为止还没有找到) (如果用过去时:She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一作，而不知现在有没有找到) 3)Weve just cleaned the classroom .。(表明现在教室是干净的) (二)否定式 1)I havent finished my homework yet.。 2)

3、She hasnt travelled on a train .-。 3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注:有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如: 4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。 (三)一般疑问式 1)-Have you ever made dumplings ?-Yes ，I have .是的，我做过。 2)-Has she ever been abroad ? -No，never.不，从来没有。 3)-Have they found the

4、lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗? -Yes ，they have.是的，他们找到了。 三现在完成时的用法 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果此时，常与时间副词already(已经) ，yet(还、已经) ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever(曾经) ，never(从不) ，before(以前)等连用。Ihavespentallofmymoney(sofar).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guozijunhas(just/already)come.(含义：郭子君现在在这儿)Myfatherhasgonetowork.(含义是:我爸爸现在

5、不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.(肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词):for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）Itis+时段+since+从句（过去时）Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.归纳起来，现在完成时共有四种主要用法， 一现在完成时表示影响 如： He has left the city. 他已离开这个

6、城市。(结果：他不在这个城市。) Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果：窗户仍破着。) 二现在完成时表示持续 如： He has taught in our school for 30 years. 他在我们学校教书已有30年了。 He has been busy since last week. 自上个星期以来他一直很忙。 三现在完成时表示重复 如： How often have you seen her? 你隔多少见她一次? 四现在完成时表示将来 如：Ill wait until he has written his letter. 我愿等

7、到他把信写完。 When you have rested, Ill show you the garden. 等你休息好之后，我领你看我们的花园。四现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:1*以already,just和yet为标志Hehasalreadygotherhelp.。Hehasjustseenthefilm.。Hehasntcomebackyet.。2*以ever和never为标志ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.。3 *以动作发生的次数为标志

8、若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，则要使用现在完成时。HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他说他已经去过美国三次了。4*以sofar（到目前为止）为标+beforeso far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。HehasgottoBeijingsofar.到目前为止他已到了北京。Shehaspassedtheexamsofar.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用3）瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go,le

9、ave,join）不能直接与for，since连用。要改变动词a) buy-haveborrow-keepcome/arrive/reach/getto-beingoout-beout leave-beaway begin-beon finish-beover open-beopen close-beclosed die-bedead1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafew

10、days.3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.5、用wear代替putonb)用“be形容词”代终止性动词1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall(get)ill3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall(get)asleep/5、beawake代wake/wakeup6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open8、beclosed代cl

11、ose/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be副词”代终止性动词1“beon”代start,begin 2“beup”代getup3“beback(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto常用瞬间动词变延续性

12、动词表：1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/e/gone/movedtosw.havebeeninsw./at相应的介词2.havecome/goneback/returnedhavebeenback3.havecome/goneouthavebeenout4.havebecomehavebeen5.haveclosed/openedhavebeenclose/open6.havegotuphavebeenup；7.havediedhavebeendead；8.haveleftsw.havebeenawayfromsw.9.havefallenasl

13、eep/gottosleephavebeenasleep；10.havefinished/ended/completedhavebeenover；11.havemarriedhavebeenmarried；12.havestarted/beguntodosth.havedonesth.13.havebegunhavebeenon14.haveborrowed/boughthavekept/had15.havelosthaventhad16.haveputonhaveworn17.havecaught/getacoldhavehadacold；18.havegottoknowhaveknown1

14、9.have/hasgonetohavebeenin20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmyhavebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeenthePartysmember/theleaguemember/thesoldier关注：hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的区别Have/Hasgone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Whereisyourfather？HehasgonetoShanghai.Have/Hasbeen(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）Myf

15、atherhasbeentoShanghai.Have/hasbeenin：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时现在让我们来比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时，关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解，因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延

16、续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较：（1）现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：We have been cleaning the classroom.(a)We have cleaned the classroom.(b)(a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。(b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。另外，(a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过，(b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。Be caref

17、ul! John has been painting the door.（a）John has painted the door.（b）(a)句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以你要小心。(b)句则无此含义，油漆可能已干了。（2）现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：They have been widening the road.(a)They have widened the road.(b)(a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。(b)句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性（如一些属于持续体的动词），但无临时性质。如：Mr. Smith has been

18、 living inLondonsince 1978.（a）Mr. Smith has lived inLondonsince 1979.（b）(a)句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义，(b)句则没有。（3）但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质，如：My mother has been teaching English for twenty years.(a)My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b) (a)句在此并无临时性质，但较口语化。(b)句则较为正式。另外，(a)句表示动作现在仍在继续，并将延续下去，(b)句的动作是否延续下去，

19、须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。（4）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：Have you been meeting her lately?(a)Have you met her lately?(b)(a)句有“经常相会”之意，(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often,every day等时间状语连用，当然也表示动作在重复。（5）现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：What have you been doing?(a)What have you done?

20、(b) (a)句表示惊异，(b)句只是一个问题。Have you been waiting long?(a)Have you waited long?(b) (a)句比(b)句生动。另外，(a)句比较口语化。I havebeen wantingto meet you for long.(a)I have long wanted to meet you.(b)(a)句比(b)句更亲切，更有礼貌。Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.(a)Recently Mary has done her work regularly.(b)(a)句显然

21、是在表扬玛丽，(b)只说明一个事实。下面还有一例，颇为有趣：Whos been eating my apples?(a)Whos eaten my apples?(b)(a)句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满，(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题。另外，(a)句兼有进行时态，专项练习专题一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .

22、never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better

23、 . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-Th

24、ese farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、-_ you _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the

25、 Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、-How long have you _ here ?-About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has beg

26、un . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The student

27、s have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, gotC. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. ha

28、s lived there D. has left the university二、句型转换3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同

29、义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to Fra nce.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/last + 一段时间等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时