小学英语音标和读音规则的学习.ppt

1、英语英标和读音规则,语音,英语语音名词解释 音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（m n l例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。,语音,音节的划分 在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。 例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter 在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther

2、ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er,语音,重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。,语音,开音节 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. 相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse. 闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组

3、（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup,语音,双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如：stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn in-deed 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如： about before excuse repair for-get-ful in-ven-tor,语音,多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如：el-e-phant con-grat-u

4、-la-tion 词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scientific impression nation,不符合规则的词 every 从拼写形式上看有三个元字组，但从读音上看只有两个元音，故这个词只有两个音节。中间一个字母e不发音，该词的音节划分方式为eve-ry。 elebrate(cel-e-brate) 划分音节时不能把字组拆分到两个音节中去（chil-dren)；br pr bl pl等辅音连缀有时要当作字组来对待，即具有不可分割性；有时又要考虑到词的来源或其他原因而不被当作字组来对待（ward-room、Feb-r

5、u-ar-y)。,字母、字组和字群 字母指的是二十六个字母。字母是构成英文书写的最小单位，英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不存在对应关系。 字组指的是一个或几个字母在起，发一个共同的音素。字组是英语单词发音的基本单位，通常一个字组对应该一个音素。字组分为元字组和辅字组两种。 字群是指几个字组在同一个音节里发两个以上的音素。（如：-tion -sion -sten -stle -ought),The Closing Diphthongs:合口双元音 / eI/ aI / I/ au / u / Centring Diphthongs:集中双元音 /I / /U / /e /,/ eI /

6、 is usually read in the following letters or letter groups :a ai ay eigh ey ea,paid sail rain say day play grey they hey cake late hate great break steak eight neightbour weight,May Day ; the lady on the plane Labor Day; April rain,1. Call a spade a spade. 2. No pains, no gains. 3. Its a pay day tod

7、ay. 4. He often makes faces to the baby. 5. The train was delayed by the rain。,/aI/,/aI/ is usually read in the following letters or letter groups : i, y, ie, igh,eye why buy die sky tie find time kite high light bright,Pair Work,quite right a nice knife a kind writer high in the sky,/ai/,1. A catha

8、s nine lives. 2. Great minds think alike. 3. Strike while the iron is hot. 4. Out of sight, out of mind. 5. Time and tide wait for no man. 6. The kite is flying high in the sky.,/ I/,/ I/ is usually read in the following letters or letter groups : oi, oy,boy toy soy join coins noise point annoyed,Pa

9、ir Work,toilet paper joyful boys make a choice The boy was annoyed because his toy was destroyed.,/ u /,/ u / is usually read in the following letters or letter groups :o ow oa go no stove home broke show slow throw road boat,an old overcoat; roses on the road; I hope so.,All roads lead to Roma. Its

10、 so cold. Please close the window. Little strokes fell great oaks. A rolling stone gathers no moss.,/ au /,/ au / is usually read in the following letters or letter groups : bow now allow cow town plough found house mouth,a loud sound ; thousands of flowers a brown house;,/I /,/I / is usually read i

11、n the following letters or letter groups: ear, ere, ea, eer,hear nearfear queerbeercheered theatre idea,Pair work,a queer idea cheerful tears near the theatre,Sentences,We fear we cant hear him clearly as he has such a big beard. My dear brother will come home near the end of the year.,/e /,/e / is

12、usually read in the following letters or letter groups: are, air, ear,where there tear bear pears hair chair fair shared stare rarely,Pair work,a scared hare share the pear repair the chair a bear on the chair,Sentences,Where there is a will, there is a way. He takes special care of his hair.,/U /,/

13、 U / is usually read in the following letters or letter groups : ure, oor, our,during cured curiouspure surelyEurope poor,Pair work,fewer and fewer poorer and poorer the curious tourist,Sentences,The doctor from Europe said that the patient would surely be cured. Im sure thats pure gold.,Poem,On a m

14、are goes the mayor, To the fair at the square, Prepared to buy a little bear, That will sit on his fair chair. （镇长骑着母马，来到集市广场上，备买头小熊，让它坐在自己的安乐椅上。）,Thank you!,元音,元音字母 读 音 例 词 a 在开音节中 ei name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 i: he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 e bed let pen desk yes