Ubuntu 10.04 安装与配置

1、 一、安装1、刻录成光盘安装。2、用UltraISO软件将光盘镜像采用“写入硬盘镜像”办法写入U盘中。3、硬盘安装示例：color white/green yellow/greentimeout 30default 0title RAMOSfind -set-root /system/RAMOS/RAMOS.imgmap -mem /system/RAMOS/RAMOS.img (hd0)map -hookroot (hd0,0)chainloader /ntldrtitle Ylmf_OS_4.0find -set-root /linux/ubuntu/iso/Ylmf_OS_4.0.iso

2、kernel /linux/ubuntu/kernel/ylmf_vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/linux/ubuntu/iso/Ylmf_OS_4.0.iso ro quiet splash locale=zh_CN.UTF-8initrd /linux/ubuntu/kernel/ylmf_initrd.imgtitle kanas-ubuntu-10.04-desktop-i386find -set-root /linux/ubuntu/iso/kanas-ubuntu-10.04-desktop-i386.isokernel /linux

3、/ubuntu/kernel/kanas_vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/linux/ubuntu/iso/kanas-ubuntu-10.04-desktop-i386.iso ro quiet splash locale=zh_CN.UTF-8initrd /linux/ubuntu/kernel/kanas_initrd.lztitle DiskGeniusfind -set-root /DiskGenius.imgmap -mem /DiskGenius.img (fd0)map -hookchainloader (fd0)+1rootno

4、verify (fd0)二、配置1、设置IP地址以便联网。2、设置软件源，一般选用/ubuntu。3、安装中文语言包。4、安装NVIDIA显卡驱动。5、在外观选项中将显示效果调整为扩展。6、安装ccsm。7、安装compiz-fusion-plugins-extra。8、设置桌面立方体、旋转立方体。9、设置电源管理。10、安装gnome mplayer。11、安装视频、音频解码插件。12、安装leafpad。sudo apt-get install leafpad fbreader13、安装解压和压缩软件。sudo apt-get install un

5、rar p7zip-full14、解决启动画面丢失问题。（1）安装驱动：方法一，Nvidia官网下载最新驱动，但是得先屏蔽掉nouveau，而且安装后会出现Nvidia巨大的Logo,我没有用 这种方法。方法二，System-Administration-Hardware Drivers，我选的是那个Recommended。（2）安装所需包：sudo apt-get install v86d hwinfo（3）查看framebuffersudo hwinfo -framebuffer我的显示器分辨率是1280x800的所以我需要的是：1280x800-24（4）修改grub文件sudo ged

6、it /etc/default/grub-# If you change this file, run update-grub afterwards to update# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.GRUB_DEFAULT=0GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=trueGRUB_TIMEOUT=10GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=lsb_release -i -s 2 /dev/null | echo DebianGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=quiet splash nomodeset vide

7、o=uvesafb:mode_option=1280x800-24,mtrr=3,scroll=ywrapGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)#GRUB_TERMINAL=console# The resolution used on graphical terminal# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE# you can see them in real GRUB

8、with the command vbeinfo#GRUB_GFXMODE=1280x800# Uncomment if you dont want GRUB to pass root=UUID=xxx parameter to Linux#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY=true# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start#GRUB_INIT_TUNE=

9、480 440 1-（5）修改initramfs:sudo gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules-# List of modules that you want to include in your initramfs.# Syntax: module_name args .# You must run update-initramfs(8) to effect this change.# Examples:# raid1# sd_moduvesafb mode_option=1280x800-24 mtrr=3 scroll=ywrap-（6）强制使用Fram

10、ebuffer:echo FRAMEBUFFER=y | sudo tee /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash（7）更新grub和initramfs:sudo update-grub2sudo update-initramfs -u（8）重启15、自动挂载分区。sudo fdisk -lsudo gedit /etc/fstab# /etc/fstab: static file system information.# Use blkid -o value -s UUID to print the universally unique identifier#

11、for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name# devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).# proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0/host/ubuntu/disks/root.disk / ext4 loop,errors=remount-ro 0 1/host/ubuntu/disks/swap.disk none swap loop,sw 0 0/dev/s

12、da1 /media/C: ntfs rw,umask=0,uid=1000,nls=utf8 0 0/dev/sda5 /media/D: ntfs rw,umask=0,uid=1000,nls=utf8 0 0/dev/sda6 /media/E: ntfs rw,umask=0,uid=1000,nls=utf8 0 0/dev/sda3 /media/G: ntfs rw,umask=0,uid=1000,nls=utf8 0 016、设置桌面图标。打开终端（Terminal）输入gconf-editor，打开“/apps/metacity/general”,把button_layout项的值改回 menu:minimize,maximize,close保存即可。/apps/nautilus/desktop17、安装GLX-Dock。18、KDE安装KDE:sudo apt-get install kUbuntu