职称英语理工类补全短文的解题技巧

1、 职称英语理工类补全短文的解题技巧 一、题型要求补全短文的设计思路是，给出一篇300-450词的短文，其中有5处空白，文章后面有6段文字，要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5段文字，将其放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。这种题型重在考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力。这是一种较高层次的阅读理解能力，要求考生能够从宏观的角度把握文章的内容和结构，要想做好这类题，必须从语篇的角度，搞清楚文章的脉络，吃透文章的意思。二、解题技巧补全短文是职称英语六大题型中最难的一种题型，在做这种题型时要先预测选项，注意抓选项主干，猜测选项的大致意思，同时要注意连词，代词，名词，形容词，副词等的出现。之后回到原文中

2、看看空白处所在的位置，如果是在段首句，也许意味着是中心主题句，如果是在段尾句，也许意味着是中心主题句或是细节论述，如果是在段中，也许意味着是细节论述。最后根据空白处的前后句的意思，按先易后难的顺序将原文恢复原貌。做完之后在把文章看一遍，检查一下所填的顺序是否符合文章二下文的要求。三、补全短文常考连词1并列递进and和；又；及sucha象一样he sameas和一样eitheror或者或者in other words换句话说similar相似的neithernor既不也不like象likewise也，而且in addition另外even甚至，更not onlybut also不但而且also也

3、moreover而且；此外2转折but但是instead(0f)代替despite不管though尽管conversely相反地unlike不象whereas然而as well也，此外besides在旁边；除了such如此this means这意味着still then就在那时furthermore更notbut不是而是however但是rather(than)不是而是in spite of不管although尽管unless除非unfortunately不幸地no matter howwhatwherewho无论怎样什么在哪里谁whilenevertheless然而3比较while然而inf

4、erior仍比低级(次)asas和一样in contrast相反prefer A to B宁愿选A而不选B 4原因because(0f)因为，由于due to由于as a result of因为，由于thanks to由于5结果as a result结果Thustherefore因此so(such)that如此以至于6列举。first(1y)首先third(1y)再次another另一个0n the other hand另一方面the morethe more越越on the contrary t0相反地superior to比高级(好)not soasas不和一样moreless than多

5、/少于since因为as因为,由于for the reason因为，由于consequently结果so因此second(ly)其次finally最后the most最的one factor(problem，means，feature)一个因素(问题，方法，特色) Mind Those Manners on the SubwaySo, there you are, just sitting there in the subway car, enjoying that book you just bought_（46） Or, the person sitting next to you tak

6、es out a nail clipper （指甲刀） and begins cutting his or her nails.Annoying? Many of us have to spend some time every day on public transportation_（47） So, to make the trip more pleasant, we suggest the following:Let passengers get off the bus or subway car before you can get on_（48）Stand away from the

7、 doors when they are closingDont talk loudly on a bus or subway. Chatting loudly with your friends can be annoying to others. _（49）Dont think your bags and suitcases （手提箱） deserve a seat of their own.Use a tissue whenever you cough or sneeze （打喷嚏）. An uncovered sneeze can spread germs （细菌）, especial

8、ly in crowded places.Dont cut your nails or pick your nose on public transportation.Dont read over other peoples shoulder_（50） It can make people uncomfortable. They might think youre too stingy （小气的） even to buy a newspaper. Or they might think youre judging their behaviorADont eat food in your car

9、.BDont shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway.CWe all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptableDMany people do this on subways, but its really annoyingEGetting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all.FSuddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading along w

10、ith you答案: 46 F47 C48 E49 B50 DGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the

11、field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and _(1)_. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiariz

12、ation and workshop tours _(2)_.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn _(3)_ and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel - planes; ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases

13、.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, _(4)_, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.

14、The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, _(5)_. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers. A

15、including car-rental and sight-seeing services.B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.C in preparing effective advertising campaignsD as a result tourism is flouring in all countriesE hotels rely upon agenciesF to explain destinationsKEYS: CBFEA 转贴于：职称英语Death c

16、ontrolA very important world problem-in fact, I am inclined to say it is the most important of all the great world problems_(1) _-is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land and on land resources.This enormous increase of population will create immense problems. By 2000 A.D., unless som

17、ething desperate happens, there will be as many as 7,000,000,000 people on the surface of the earth! So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetimeWhy is this enormous increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and the practice of _ (2)_. Y

18、ou have heard of Birth Control? Death Control is something rather different. Death Control recognizes the work of the doctors and the nurses and the hospitals and the health services in keeping alive people who,_(3)_, Would have died of some of the incredibly serious killing diseases , as they used

19、to do. Squalid conditions, which we can remedy by an improved standard of living, caused a lot of disease and dirt. Medical examinations at school catch diseases early and ensure healthier school children. Scientists are at work stamping out malaria and other more deadly diseases. If you are serious

20、ly ill there is an ambulance to take you to a modern hospital. Medical care helps _(4)_. We used to think seventy was a good age; now eighty, ninety, it may be , are coming to be recognized as a normal age for human beings. People are living longer because of this Death Control, and _(5)_, so the po

21、pulation of the world is shooting up. 练习：A fewer children are dyingB a few years agoC what is coming to be called Death ControlD which face us at the present timeE making it possible for people to live longerF to keep people alive longerKeys: DCBFA 转贴于Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven, a maj

22、or composer of the nineteenth century, overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness. Born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, be first studied music with the court organist, Gilles van der Eeden. His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking. When his mother died, Beethoven,

23、_(1)_, was named guardian of his two younger brothers. Appointed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782, Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola. In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron, Count Ferdinand Waldstein, to study music under Hay

24、dn. Beethoven remained unmarried. Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons, _(2)_. Continually plagued by ill health, he developed an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819. In spited of this handicap, _(3)_. He completed mature masterpie

25、ces of great musical depth: three piano sonata, four string quartets, the Missa Solemnis, and the 9th Symphony. He died in 1827. His life was marked _(4)_. Noting that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage, Goethe once said of him, I am astonished by his talent, but he is unfortunately an altogethe

26、r untamed personality. Although Beethovens personality _(5)_, his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him best. A however, he continued to write music B he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult life C by a passionate dedication to independence D the

27、n a young man E may have been untamed F his music has been loved over the past centuries KEYS: DBACE 转贴于：职称英语考试_考试大The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are Chinas fundamental economic problems. The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture

28、and much of Chinas modern history is _(1)_, which has been growing steadily. Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of population. Agricultur

29、e also _(2)_ because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force. The failure of agriculture to supply raw material and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950s, After 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan Agriculture is

30、 the foundation of the economy has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since. _(3)_, there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade. Many of Chinas exports are _(4)_ or consumer goods based on them. Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exp

31、orts. It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore _(5)_. 练习： A determines the progress of industry B the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population C either agricultural raw materials D enlarging the capacity of the economy to import

32、 machinery and commodities for industry E In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry F thus promoting both import and export KEY : B A F C DTests Show Women Suited for Space Travel Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American woman, _(1)_, between the age of 35 and 65, were

33、given month-long tests to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those aboard the space shuttle. Though _(2)_, the women were volunteers and the pay was barely above the minimum wage. They were not allowed _(3)_ during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each others comp

34、any at close quarters for the entire period. Among other things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks _(4)_. At the end of ten days, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed, during which time they suffered

35、backaches and other discomforts, and when they were finally allowed up, the more physically active women were especially subject to pains due to a slight calcium loss. Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant advantages over men in space. They need less food and les oxygen and t

36、hey stand up to radiation better. Mens advantages _(5)_, meanwhile, are virtually wiped out by the zero-gravity condition in space. EXERCISE: A): to smoke or drink alcohol B) carefully selected from among many applicants C) numbering 27 in all D) in terms of strength and stamina E) those who are phy

37、sically stronger F) while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise KEY:C B A F D Development in Newspaper Organization One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century _(1)_, which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies emp

38、loyed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue _(2)_. Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press Internationa

39、l (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story. Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers _(3)_. A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more

40、 than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and _(4)_. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined _(5)_. Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to t

41、he newspaper industry. A. to play an important role in newspaper operations B. was the growth of telegraph services C. and they usually enjoy great prestige D. they are usually operated by a single owner E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs F. owned by a single person or organiz

42、ation KEY: BAFDEThe Building of the Pyramids The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that _(1)_. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramid

43、s. The most famous of these are the Step pyramid and the Bent pyramid. Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often

44、, _(2)_. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape _(3)_. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever. It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of th

45、e pyramids_(4)_. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have

46、formed a fairly clear picture of them. One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning_(5)_. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just

47、 anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to b overcome. EXERCISE: A for stone to use in modern buildings B has made them less likely to fall into ruin C before they could begin to build D because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved E while buil

48、ding the pyramids F they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet Key:FABDCAlbert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as Person of the Century by Time magazine on Sunday.A man whose very name is synonymous

49、with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent_(1)_the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technologic

50、al-technologies_(2)_, wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einsteins significance. Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein.Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over

51、 fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.What we saw Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedoms fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their righ

52、ts, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances_(3)_, said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was

53、 to become. He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.In1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. In his Special Theory o

54、f Relativity, Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light. Everything else-mass, weight, space, even time itself-is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation: energy equals mass times the speed of light squared-E=mc2.Indirectly, relativity paved

55、the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics, Isaacson wrote in an essay_(4)_. There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality.Einsteins famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In1939, six

56、years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacifist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the Manhattan Project_(5)_. Einstein did n

57、ot work on the project.Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955.Aexplaining Times choicesB. how he thought of the relativity theoryC. more than any other personD. that secretly developed the first atomic weaponE. that flowed directly from advances in basic scienceF. that helped expand the growth of freedom Key: CE