AppendixIIIGrammarglossary.ppt

1、.,the Passive Voice,（被动语态）,文综之家 ,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by,主动语态,被动语态,1. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom.,2.He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him.,Be要随着主语变,逻辑主语by来引,练习: 用be动词的正确形式填空.,A knife _ used to cut

2、 apples. 2. The air _ polluted already. 3.The rooms _cleaned later. 4. The students _ asked to have breakfast. 5.They should_ encouraged to study hard. 6.Not only he but also I _ punished last night.,is,has been,will be,are,be,was,1 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 2 The book _ by

3、him last year. ( write ) 3 A new subway _ (build) next year. of satellites _ (send) up into the space so far. 4 They said they _ (invite) to the party already. 5 Young trees should _(water) often.,asked,was written,will be built,have been sent,had been invited,be watered,解题策略,1.看主语和动词的关系选语态 2.看时间状语定

4、时态 3.看主语析主谓一致 4.看过去分词查拼写,被动语态的基本结构:,be+done,Summary,被动语态在不同时态中的形式： 一般现在时(do/ does): _ 一般过去时(did)： _ 一般将来时(will/ shall do)：_ 过去将来时(would do)： _ 现在进行时(am/is/are doing)：_ 过去进行时(was/were doing)：_ 现在完成时(have/has done)： _ 过去完成时(had done)： _ 将来完成时(will have done)_ 含情态动词的： _,am/is /are done,had been done,wi

5、ll/shall be done,情态动词 be done,am/is/are being done,will have been done,was/ were done,would be done,was/were being done,have/has/ been done,考点二:,被动语态中的特殊情况:,1.不及物动词不用于被动语态，,(1)Great changes have been taken place in my hometown 。( ) (2)Great changes have taken place in my hometown。( ),F,T,appear，rise

6、，die，happen , belong to, break out，take place。,3 Great events_in our country during the past 20 years. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened,A,2在被动语态中不可省略to的情况。在主动语态中，感官动词，役使动词省略宾语补足语to，但在被动语态中要还原to（see, hear,watch, observe,notice,listen to,make ,have, help）,1. We saw him

7、get on the bus.,He was seen to get on the bus.,2. The boy_ streets without pay in the old days. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean,A,see / hear sb. do sth sb. be seen / heard to do sth make sb.do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,主动: 被动:,主动: 被动:,3:表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态， lack，hold

8、，cost，contain，have,1.The book costs 10 yuan。（ ） 2.The book is cost 10 yuan（ ）,T,F,4. 被动语态中，要保持短语动词的完整性，固定短语中的介词或副词切不可遗漏,1. Children should _. A. take good care of B. be taken good care C. be taken good care of,5. 主动形式表示被动意义,1.The flower _sweet. A is smelling B is smelled C.smells 2.The desk_soft. A

9、feel B .is felt C. feels D. is feeling,3. This pen _ well. A. is sold B. sell C. sells,4.This kind of cloth (wash )easily.,washes,.,有些动词的主动形式表示被动意义,注意问题：,1.read,sell, last, wash, write等带状语（well, easily)时。 如:Her book sells well.,2.感官动词feel, look, smell, sound, taste等与形容词连用时。 如：The cake tastes delicio

10、us.,1. I was given a book by him. (间宾作主）,He gave me a book. (变被动）,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,2. A book was given to me by him.,6. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。,My mother bought me a birthday cake.,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,1. I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.,2. A birthday cake was bought for me

11、by my mother.,带有双宾语的动词变为被动歌谣：,原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。 间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。 直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或for。,变为被动时，间宾前加to 的带有双宾语的动词有：14个 bring, teach, pass, hand, give, lend, refuse, leave, promise, tell, return, show, send , write.,变为被动时，间宾前加for 的带有双宾语的动词有：5个 buy, get, do, pay, sing.,Answer right or wrong,1.必须照看好孩子们。 The c

12、hildren must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( ) 2.这本书是鲁迅写的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( ),W,R,W,R,W,R,4.这辆自行车能修吗？ Can

13、 this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( ) 5.街道已由他们清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( ),W,R,W,R,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows

14、 of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3. We found the ticket on the floor .,5. His doctor made him hav

15、e only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ toda

16、y?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory wom

17、en do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this schoo

18、l study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,必背！,动词短语的被动语态,take care of be taken care of,cut down be cut down,laugh at be laughed at,look after be looked after,They made shoes in

19、that factory. They will make shoes in that factory. They would make shoes in that factory. They can make shoes in that factory. They have made shoes in that factory. They had made shoes in that factory. They are making shoes in that factory. They were making shoes in that factory.,(2) see sb. doing

20、sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I saw him playing football at that moment.,He was seen playing football at that moment.,hear / watch /.,We often hear them sing this song.,They are often heard to sing this song (by us).,This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).,一感二听三使四看,feel / hear listen/ m

21、ake have let/ look see watch notice,这十大动词在主动句中动词用原形，但在变为被动语态时必须加上to,使用口诀： 感使动词真奇怪， to在句子像妖怪。 主动句里to 走开，被动句里to回来。 动词let要除外， to词可来可不来。,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,tell ask bring write give teach pass lend,to,H

22、e told Jim a story.,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy draw,for,I bought my brother a book.,注意:,约翰打开了收音机。,John turned on the radio.,The radio was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma takes care of my sister.,My sister is taken care of by Grandma.,注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,We must speak to old people politely.,Old people must be spoken to politely.,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would come b