大学英语(四)总复习

1、精选文档大学英语（四）1、 Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)1. Inside,in the warm living room, with a glass of wine to drink and Mozart to listen to on the CD, she was far from the tiredness she had _C_earlier. A advocated（倡导） B conceived（怀孕） C claimed（声称） D accumulated（积累）2. If youve worked for one employer

2、 for two years or more before leaving to have your baby,you may be _B_maternity pay(产妇薪酬） A drawn on（动用，使用） B entitled to (有权益）C settled for (满足于）D rested on (依靠）3. Tons of food was laid out on the big table and crates of beer were _D_ready for consumption. A reserved（保留） B expended（花费） C generated（

3、产生） D stacked（一堆）4. Youd better keep your leaders_A_of your activities so that they can ensure you are adequately supported. A informed（告知） B amused（有趣的） C outlined（概括） D swallowed（吞咽）5. According to the latest poll,the presidents 43 percent support has _B_to 32percent. A minimized（最小化） B shrunk（减少）

4、 C cited（引证） D predicted（预言）6. Managers might not borrow as much as they should,if they want to retain a large_C_of borrowing power in case of problems. A delivery（递交） B burden （负担） C reserve(保存) D deposit（沉淀）7. It is said that one_D_a work of art and brings it forth as a child is _and brought forth

5、 into the world. A reproduces, reproduced（繁殖） B safeguards, safeguarded (防护措施） C tolerates,tolerated （忍受） D conceives,conceived (构思、怀孕）8. Our case against piracy was won,but over $75000 had been _B_in legal costs in the proceedings ,far more than the compensation awarded by the court. A advanced （提高

6、） B expended（花费） C attained（获得） D blasted（爆炸）9. If the environment is to be properly_C_policies must be formulated which will encourage the green industry. A bluffed（吓唬） B promoted（促进） C safeguarded（保障） D varnished (装饰)10. Although we are often successful in securing accommodation for people with AI

7、DS, it is a problem which stretches our _C_to the full and needs taken care of immediately. A bonuses (奖金） B dilemmas (窘境） C resource (资源） D limitations (限制）11. Marks latest work _D_the learning theories of the 1980s as well as his own experience i n teaching English to foreigners. A built on（建立） B

8、left out（漏掉） C brought up（提出，抚养） D drew on（运用）12. _D_the pros and cons of being the son of one of the famous,Rock replies:I think Im among the most blessed of people who ever lived. A Fed on（靠,生存） B Headed for（朝,走）C Brought down (降低) D pressed for（催促） 13. Painting is the art of reaching the soul thr

9、ough the eyes, but if the picture_A_the eyes and never reaches the soul, the painter has fallen far short of his aim. A.appeals to (吸引） B settle for（定下来） C fumbles with（摸索） D aims at（瞄准）14. A commission was appointed to _A_into the alleged illegal payments by the football club. A.inquire（调查） B bounc

10、e （弹跳） C render（使） D deceive（欺骗）15. Under the norms of international law, countries are _A_in using military force abroad to defend their citizens from hostile military action. A justified （正义的） B refuted（驳斥） C sheltered（躲藏） D identified（证明身份）16. Statistics are _C_to prove the depth of popular miser

11、y: falling real wages, rising unemployment ,and a general collapse of living standards. A concealed（隐瞒） B grabbed（抓） C cited（引证） D projected（突出）17. The claim that women can never be in positions of public responsibility because of theirraging hormonal(荷尔蒙的）imbalances is thoroughly_C_in this article.

12、 A poked（戳) B injured(伤害) C refuted (驳斥） D pleaded（乞求）18. Once the problem has been identified, the couple can start appropriate treatment, and with the right treatment, Mr Goswamy_D_,many more infertile (不育的）couples will conceive. A exaggerates(夸大） B curses （诅咒） C betrays （背叛） D predicts(预言）19. Eve

13、ry few miles his suitcase_B_out the back of the cart and Tock became annoyed at having to stop and collect it all the time. A arose B bounced （碰撞） C collided D strayed 20. While I am waiting on the platform, a railway employee shouts across the track that the 9.49 train is _A_,and that the next trai

14、n will be at 10.19. A canceled (取消） B abridged C canceled D scared 21. The daughter of an Indian laborer , Mrs Swami was _B_by her husband and had to support four children on her own. A followed B deserted （抛弃） C canceled D scared 22. Peter read the letter twice before its meaning_B_. A came up B sa

15、nk in （被理解） C caught on D turned up23. “I might just as well _C_and go if you cant even listen to things reasonably !” A mean business B make concessions C pack up （打包） D hang up 24. Mary _D_ herself for making the silly mistake and letting the golden opportunity slip through her fingers . A amused

16、B justified C blessed D cursed （邪恶的）25. Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to protect the birds and_A_the impact of the oil spill. A. minimize B.swallow C.exaggerate D. Abridge(删节)26. But what really _B_the official statistics is that they are based almost entirely on the stat

17、e economy. A Burdens(负担) B. Distorts（委曲，扭曲）C. confirms （确认） D. Maintains（维持）27. The _D_truth is that some youngsters are so out of control they have to be detained . A. Thoughtful(考虑周到) B.internal（内部的） C mature（成熟的）D brutal（残忍的）28. Mary admired Max for his wit, although she could not _A_his philosop

18、hy of life. A Tolerate(容忍) B invade（侵犯） C refute D interpret（翻译）29. This is a matter which cannot be too carefully watched since failure to comply _B_you liable to heavy penalties. A. Enables（使能够）B renders（使得） C injures D flushes脸红30. Their organization neither used nor_D_the use of violence in its

19、struggle for equality. A.scattered(分散) B. enrolled（注册） C overheard（无意听到） D advocated（倡导） 31. It may be possible to claim damages against a local authority for negligently failing to ensure that construction work complied with the _b_building regulations. a. magnificent b relevant （有关的） c artificial

20、d delicate 32. A substantial proportion of educational costs was _a_ to local authorities, although the latter had neither sufficient financial nor administrative means to carry out their new assignments. a. Transferred （转移） b. withdrawn c. hurled d. adjusted33. These fads (一时的风尚) for physical fitne

21、ss _a_lead to two things: a great deal of unnecessary injury and a lot of profit to the people behind the scheme. a. invariably （总是） b. virtually c. originally d. literally34. Each product _b_by our company is quality tested at least three times, depending upon the requirements. a. derived b. manufa

22、ctured （制造） c. demonstrated d. constructed35. Technological innovation is _c_ to the modernization of the economy. a. unique b. alien c. indispensable （不可缺少的） d. continual36. The essence of being human _d_the values we place on ourselves in being human beings. a. reaches for b. associates with c. re

23、sts on d. consists in （存在于.之间）37. If they are _a_they have nothing to fear, thats what they always say. a. innocent （无辜的） b. inherent c. attractive d. notable38. It is to be expected that homebuyers will be less _b_to borrow at todays high rates. a. restrained b. inclined （倾斜的） c. obliged d. exposed

24、39. On 6 March he was suffering from skin problems and a(n) _c_ fall in his blood sugar level resulting from the earlier hunger-strike. a. acute b. intense c. dramatic （戏剧的） d. tender40. Both girls quickly turned their faces away, just in case he would want to take _c_ on them later for having witne

25、ssed his humiliation. a. sequence b. occupation c. revenge （报仇） d. Complaint41. I had no experience of teaching art to anyone, but the headmaster _a_ me that it simply involved giving the boys some paints to play with and then telling them to get on with it. a. exerted b. assured（确定的） c. grasped d.

26、addressed42. The hotels restaurant enjoys a good reputation, with a lovely first-floor terrace where on fine days you dine _d_the lake. a. visualizing b. picturing c. dipping d. overlooking （忽视）43. In Dianas words the new invention can provide “disabled people with freedom from the wheelchair they s

27、pend so much of their life in, making them as _a_ as the next gust of wind.” a. mobile （移动的） b. attractive c. hospitable d. marvelous44. Materialism has until recently been _b_unknown in Confucian societies. a. normally b. virtually （实际上） c. invariably d. increasingly 45. Some lawyers say the law of

28、 deception must be _c_ to include deception of machines rather than just people. a. reflected b. unified c. adjusted （适应） d. Loosened46. The building materials industry _c_itself to meet the steady predictable demand of the house-building industry, thus eliminating one of the chief obstacles to the

29、output of houses. a. bound b. integrated c. geared （齿轮） d. lowered47. As a general rule vegetable oils are much better for you than fats that are _a_from animals. a. derived b. enriched （使富裕） c. curled d. detached48. The critical moment for harvest _d_ from year to year and from one plant to the nex

30、t.a. renews b. envies c. Baffles （使困惑） d. Varies49. If left to reach their natural _d_, many plant species will eventually take over a wide area of ground and should be avoided in small gardens a. capacities b. occupations c. suspicions d. Dimensions （尺寸）50. Fame is the most _b_subject in the world

31、and Im keenly interested in speaking to certain people whove had fame and then lose it. a. overwhelming b. fascinating （迷人的） c. rewarding d. Misleading51. Interestingly enough, having once entered the profession itself, age ceases to be a _c_, for actors of any age may easily teach each other someth

32、ing and share emotions honestly. a. necessity b. pursuit c. barrier （障碍） d. concession52. Another _c_ is how the yacht drifted north-west when prevailing conditions would normally have sent it towards South America. a. inquiry b. dilemma c. mystery （秘密） d. risk53. The company is based on a novel _d_

33、 of direct selling, which involves representatives knocking on doors selling household goods. a. extent b. aspect c. symptom d. concept （观念）54. It is my experience that many students of English Literature with good A-level results dislike poetry, or at least feel _a_ by it, and can go through a thre

34、e-year degree course without this attitude being radically changed. a. baffled （使困惑） b. overlooked c. deceived d. restrained55. _b_the technological requirements of the new system, other important issues have to be resolved. a. Next to b. Aside from （除了.之外） c. Rather than d. Contrary to56. By the en

35、d of this month manufacturing _c_ is expected to increase three-fold, according to sales and marketing director Joe Weston. a. dimension b. endeavor c. capacity （生产力） d. schedule 57. You may find it surprising that in this country _b_ labor shortage coexists with high unemployment. a. crucial b. acu

36、te （尖的） c. artificial d. instant58. Those present at the meeting expressed interest in all of the organizational _d_ of home care, including nursing, equipment loans and the volunteer program. a. concepts b. sequences c. consequences d. Aspects （方面）59. In this and succeeding meetings the _a_ of atte

37、ntion was primarily on the manpower involved, with some discussion of the public expenditure costs. a. focus b. absence （缺席） c. minimum d. authority60. Other types of skin cancer are _d_ continued exposure to the sun over a long period. a. dedicated to b. inclined to c. derived from d. associated wi

38、th （与.交往）2、 Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Passage One：The octopus (章鱼)s reputation as a human-killer isnt simply an exaggeration it is a total myth（神话）. The octopus can indeed be a deadly hunter, but only of its natural prey（被掠食者）. Clams（蛤）, mussels（蚌）, crabs（蟹）, lobsters（虾）and an occasional sic

39、k or unwary fish have reason to be frightened of this multi-armed predator（肉食动物）, but a person is much too large to interest even the biggest octopus. Even a giant among octopi is much smaller than most people imagine. Far from being large enough to engulf（吞没）a submarine, as monster octopi in movies

40、 have been known to do, the largest octopi, found on the Pacific coast, weigh around 110 pounds and grow to a diameter of no more than ten feet. The hard, parrot like beak (嘴) of an octopus is not used for attacking deepsea divers（潜水者）, but for cutting open crabs and lobsters. Indeed, the octopus po

41、ssesses such a tiny throat that it cannot swallow large pieces of meat. It feeds instead by pouring digestive juices into its victims, and then sucking up the soupy remains. A clam or scallop（干贝）that finds itself in the grasp of an octopus has only a short time to live. But human beings are perfectl

42、y safe. Still, people rarely care to venture close enough to these timid creatures to get a good look at them.章鱼作为人类杀手的恶名不仅是夸张根本就是神话。章鱼当然是个危险的猎手，但只是对于它天然的猎物，如蛤、蚌、蟹、虾来说的。偶尔会有粗心的鱼被这个多足的肉食动物吓到，但是人对于章鱼来说，哪怕是最巨型的章鱼来说都是没有任何兴趣的。章鱼中最大的品种也比人们想象的要小多了，绝对没有大到能吞没潜艇的，就像某些电影中演的那样。在太平洋海岸发现的最大的章鱼体重110磅，直径也不过十英尺。章鱼像鹦

43、鹉一样坚硬的嘴不是用来攻击深水潜水员的，只是用来敲开蟹壳和虾壳的。章鱼狭小的喉咙没办法吞下大块的肉。它吃东西的方式是先把消化液喷到猎物上，然后把化成水的肉体吸进去。蚌或者蛤要是被章鱼吸住了很快就会死去。可是人类非常安全。不过人们还是很少敢于靠近这些温顺地生物来看个仔细。Passage Two：Do animals have rights? Do trees? Do humans have an obligation to behave ethically (合乎道德地) to rivers? To rocks? Viruses? The entire planet? As this centu

44、ry draws to a close, these are not merely questions for abstract philosophical debate but, as Roderick Frazier Nash points out in The Rights of Nature, issues of intense interest to theologians (神学家), lawyers, legislators and even scientists. Radical environmentalists are already demanding that lega

45、l and ethical protection be extended to all of nature, and a few of them have demonstrated a willingness to fight, break the law and even die in support of this belief. As described by Nash, the circle covered by the ethical rules governing individual and social behavior has expanded slowly and irre

46、gularly throughout history. Starting by granting rights to themselves, humans gradually enlarged the circle to include the family, the tribe, the nation and, in theory if not in practice, the entire community of human beings. When Thomas Jefferson wrote that all men were created equal and entitled t

47、o certain unalienable (不可剥夺的) rights, it was understood he was talking only about white males. Since the American Revolution, however, the right to ethical treatment has been extended, at least by law and social consensus, to include women and ethnic (民族的) minorities. The next page in this history -

48、 the extension of ethical and legal rights to animals, plants, and the rest of the natural world - is now being written, Nash believes. For a growing number of people throughout the world but particularly in the United States, the belief is taking root. The idea that nature has rights and is entitle

49、d to ethical consideration is not a new one. Some Eastern religions define humans as only part of a great chain of being. But in the Christian tradition of the West, man was created to master nature, not to be part of it. However, as environmentalism has evolved as a social movement in recent years,

50、 Nash says, the concept of liberating nature from persecution by humanity has gained followers. U.S. law, he notes, provides legal protection to animals and plants through the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammals Protection Act. Nash points to the increasingly aggressive positions of so-cal

51、led deep environmentalists and other radicals who insist that nature has intrinsic (固有的) and unalienable rights that have nothing to do with its value to people. Some of these radicals have thrown themselves before bulldozers to protect virgin forests and chained themselves to rocks on a river bank

52、to prevent the river from being dammed. For the most part, Nash takes no position on questions of ethical duties. Only in an epilogue (跋), does he indicate where his sympathies lie. Just as the antislavery radicals in the early part of the 19th century were scorned (嘲笑) for insisting that slaves wer

53、e human beings with rights, todays radical environmentalists are often laughed at for suggesting that nature is the latest minority deserving a place in the sun of the American liberal tradition, he says. But with the groundwork now laid for mass participation in environmentalism, Nash believes, the

54、re is a real possibility of serious confrontation with those who profit from exploitation of the environment. If this situation, with its intellectual and political similarities to Americabefore the Civil War, promises once again to endanger domestic peace, Nash warns, it is not the fault of history. 动物有自己的权利吗?树呢?人类有义务去合乎道德地对待河流吗?岩石?病毒?整个星球?当这世纪即将结束,这些不仅仅是抽象的哲学问题的辩论,正如罗德里克弗雷泽纳什在自然的权利里指出的，,对问题的强烈兴趣应当是神学家、律师、立法者甚至科学家。激进的环保主义者已经要求法律和道德的保护应当扩展到自然界的一切,而且其中一些人表示愿意去奋战,改变法律,甚至死来对这种信念的支持。正如纳什所描述的,生物圈被伦理规则所覆盖着支配着个人和社会行为已经缓慢和不规则地扩张在历史上。开始授予它们权利,人类逐渐扩大圈子包括家庭，部落，国家，如果不是在实际上，人类的整个社区。当托马斯杰佛逊写道，所有