高考英语定语从句总结课件

1、,定语从句总结,The Attributive Clause（Revision),1.定义、分类 及术语,2.比较 关系词,教学目标,3.区别 几种句型,定义、分类及相关术语,1.定语从句： 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词： 被定语从句修饰的成分叫先行词。,That is the teacher who teaches us English. Those who want to go to the park are girls.,_ （名词）,_（代词）,that which who whom whose as,when where w

2、hy,关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导从句；（连词） B.代替先行词；（代词） C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. This is an attractive place where there is a famous fountain.,3. 定语从句分类及区别,限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 形式：限定性定语从句的先行词与定语从句之间无标点符号，可以紧挨着，也可以被几个词隔开（分隔式定语从句）； eg. There is a very interesting remar

3、k in a book by an American writer that I read recently. 而非限定性定语从句的先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。 意义：限定性定语从句对先行词起修饰和限定作用，非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充和说明作用。 His wife who is eighty years old is still beautiful in his eyes. (Perhaps he has other wives.) His wife, who is eighty years old, is still beautiful in his eyes. (He has on

4、ly one wife.) 补充：专有名词只能由非限定性定语从句修饰。 eg. Beijing, which is the capital city of China, is a beautiful city.,1). a. The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. b. The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable. 2). a. Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris. b. Ill never forget

5、the day_we stayed together at that time.,why,(which/that),when,(which/that),关系代词与关系副词的区别,3). a. Is this the factory_ we visited last year? b. Is this the house _Lincoln once lived? c. Is this house _we visited last year? A. whichB. whereC. the oneD. that,(which /that),where,解题点拨: 看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分； 若

6、是作状语, 就用where, when, why等关系副词； 若是作主语、宾语，则用关系代词that, which, whom等。 若是作定语，就用whose.,C,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,1.根据从句中的动词选择介词。 I dont know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands. I dont know the foreigner whom/ who my teacher shook hands with. 注意：介词+which(指物)，介词+whom(指人) 有的由动词+介词构成的短语是不能分开的，因为这些介词存在于关系密切

7、的固定短语中如look after, look for, listen to等。 This is the pencil that Ma Lili is looking for.,2.根据先行词来选择介词。(介词和先行词之间构成习惯搭配，而和从句谓语动词没多大系，此时介词位于关系代词之前。) He stood by the window, through which he could see what was happening outside.,3.介词+关系代词=关系副词（when, why, where） This is the house in which/ where Chairman

8、 Mao once lived. Everyone knows the reason why/for which the high dam was built. 选择定语从句的引导词时，不能只看先行词，重要的是看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。,1).This is the reason _ _ he left his hometown. 2). Ill never forget the day _ _ we stayed together 3).This is the girl _ _I learned the news. 4). This is the girl _ is taken good

9、 care _ in the hospital. 5).Ill show you a store_ _ you may buy all that you need. 6).I dont like the way_ _ you laughed at her.,for which,/why,on which,/when,from whom,of,in which,/where,in which,/that,who,介词与关系代词,( ),Have a discussion,方法总结,1.先行词为人,关系代词用介词+whom; 先行词为物,关系代词用介词+which; 2.固定的动词+介词短语,介词

10、不能提前。 3.关系代词和关系副词有时可转换： where, when, why = 介词 + which 4.先行词是the way 时,且从句中缺少方式状语时，关系词用that / in which或省略.,想一想,总结:,As 和which,易混句型,讨论与探究,“That”,as 与 which的区别,1).The meeting, _was held in the park, was a great success. 2). I will read as many books_are required. . 3). She has married again, _ was unexp

11、ected 4). _is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China.,which,which,As,as,1. Which代替的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或整个句子；which从句不能放在句首;,2. as 一般代替整个句子, 从句则可以放句首, 句中或句尾, 表示“正如” ，或“像一样” 。 例如：as is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as often happens, as you can see, as it is;当先行词前有as, so, such, the same 修饰时,

12、关系代词常用as。 注意：so / suchas与so / suchthat eg. He is such a good teacher as everyone likes. He is such a good teacher that everyone likes him.,总结:,区别the sameas 与 the same that,This is the same skirt as I bought yesterday. This is the same skirt that I bought yesterday.,1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothi

13、ng , all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。,2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。,3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。,4.当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时。,5.当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时。,6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。,我的地盘?,That!,“that”,1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _ were black with disease. b. I

14、 saw some trees, the leaves of _ were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses,解题点拨 : 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。,them,whom,which,him,_,_,易混句型,1.定语从句与并列句,1). a. The n

15、ews _our volleyball team won the match made us excited. b. The news _he told me yesterday is exciting. 2). a. I made a promise _ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. b. The mother made a promise _ pleased all her children.,that,(that/which),that/which,that,解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；

16、在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。,.定语从句与同位语从句,1) a. It is in this room _I lived last year. b. It is the room _I lived last year. 2) a. It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. b. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.,解题点

17、拨：强调句型：It is/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分; 去掉 It is/was.that/who ,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。,that,where,that,when,.定语从句与强调句型,Find the mistakes and correct:,1.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. 2.This is the very place where we visited many years ago.,that,as,1）错用引导词；,常见错误,. Hangzh

18、ou, where we spent last spring there, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.,2）定语从句中的被替换成份没有去掉。,. She is the only one of the girls in our class who have been to the United States.,).定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数上 应与先行词一致,has,_,1) He has got himself into a dangerous situation_ he is likely to lose control o

19、ver the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why,A,巩固提高:,2) We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when,D,3) There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that,4. We visited the factory _ makes toys fo

20、r children. A. where B. which C. in which D. at which,高考链接,1.We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of_are healthy. That B which C , what D whom （2007 北京） 2.Last week, only two people came to look at the house ,_wanted to buy it. A none of them B both of them C none of whom D neith

21、er of whom (2007安徽) 3.I was given two books on cooking , the first _I really enjoyed . A, of that B, of which C, that D, which (2006 浙江) 4,-Where did you get to know her? -It was on the farm_ we worked. A, that B, there C, which D, where (2007 山东) 5，I explain on the phone, you request will be consid

22、ered at the meeting. A, when B, after C, as D, since (2005 浙江),D,D,B,D,C,6.（08山东卷）26. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A.who B. which C. why D. when 7.(08全国II)16. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A.it B. wha

23、t C. which D. that 8. (08上海卷)38. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. whichB. whose C. in whichD. with which 9.（09浙江）13I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A.which B. where C. how D. why 10.（09山东）8. Whenever I

24、met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that,D,C,C,B,B,11.These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.(00上海） A. like B. as C. that D. which 12. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (04

25、北京） A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _ , of course , made the others envy him. (04天津） A. who B. that C. what D. which,14.The gentleman_ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.(00上海春招） A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 15. Have

26、you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world-famous?(01上海 A. its B. its C. whose D. which,用思考,_,1我昨天买的书很有趣。 .2你找到了你正在找的自行车吗？ 3我看到了很多叶子是黑色的树。 。4正在那里弹钢琴的女孩子是我们的班长。 5他出生在一个远离这个城市的镇上。,Translate the sentences into English（翻译）,The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting,Have you found th

27、e bike (that/which) you are looking for?,I saw some trees whose leaves were black,The girl who/ that is playing the piano over there is our monitor.,He was born in a town that/ which is far away from this city.,Thank you very much! Goodbye,( )1.The famous basketball star,_ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who( )2.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that( )3.New Y