高中英语 Unit 4 Making the news Grammar学案 新人教版必修5

1、Unit4 Grammar Inversion 倒装 一：翻译下列句子并注意句中斜体字。1. Near the church was a ruined cottage.2. Little did he know that the police were about to arrest him.3. Under no circumstances can we give up the plan.4. So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.二：人们在交际过程中常常需要突出某些重要信息使交际另一方接受和理解，称为强调。为了达到强调效果，人们常

2、常借用语法手段，如变换句子的正常语序，将某个成分置于句首或句末，或者通过词汇手段突出句子的某个成分。英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前, 谓语在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前, 就叫倒装结构。 将某些句子成分移至句首而引起的主语和谓语词序的颠倒，称为：倒装 (Inversion)除了修辞需要，也有语法上的需要引起的倒装。三：两类倒装：（一）全部倒装如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装;结构：提前成分+谓语动词+主语1. 用于 there be 句型。(1). There are many students in the classroom.(2). There will be an important

3、 meeting in the afternoon. (3). There stands a stone bridge across the river. 2. 将状语here there, now, then前移，谓语动词一般为be, come, go的一般现在时或过去时. 例如： (1). Here comes the bus. (2). There goes the bell. (3). Now comes the chance. (4). Then came his turn. 代词作主语时, 主谓语序不变。 Here it is.3. 表示位置转移的副词out, in, up, do

4、wn, high, low, away，ahead 等移至句首,谓语动词一般为 come, go, fly, rush, fall 等的一般现在时或过去时.(1). Out went the children. (2). Up went the rocket.(3). The driver couldnt control his car and down came the car.注意：代词作主语时, 主谓语序不变。(1). In he comes. (2). Away he went.(3). Higher and higher it flew.4. 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时,也常引

5、起全部倒装。常见谓语动词有be, lie, stand, hang, come等的一般现在时或过去时. (1)To the south of the city lies a big steel factory.(2) From the valley came a frightening sound.(3)Under the tree stands a little boy.5. 表语置于句首时,也常引起全部倒装。 (1)形容词连系动词主语 Present at the meeting were Mr White, Mr Smith and many other guests.(2) 过去分词连

6、系动词主语Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.(3) 介词连系动词主语 Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.（二）部分倒装:如果只把助动词或be动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。结构：（提前成分）+情态动词/助动词+主语+（主要动词）1. 用于疑问句。 Do you speak English? Where have you been?2. 句首为含有否定意义的副词如： never, not, seldom, hardly, scarcel

7、y, rarely, little,(几乎不) at no time, in no time等。 (1)Never shall I do this again. (3) Not a single mistake did he make in the test. (4)Not until then did I realize that I was wrong.3. only+状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句)置于句首 (1) Only in this way can you learn English well. (2) Only then did he learn about the truth

8、.(3)Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. ) (4) Only if you eat correct foods will you be able to keep healthy . 注意：从句不倒装 (书上例句)：Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 注意：only修饰主语不引起倒装。 Only John has got the invitation. 4.

9、 so作替代词置于句首， 表示与上文提到的肯定的情况一样。句型是：so+ be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语 (1)He has been to Beijing. So have I. (2)He went to the park last Sunday. So did she. 注意：有时so表示对上文情况的肯定，“确实如此”，须用正常语序。(3)-He can speak good Chinese. -So he can. 他确实能。nor或 neither置于句首， 表示与上文提到的否定的情况一样。句型是： nor/ neither + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语(4)-

10、I have no money on me. - Nor/Neither have I. (5) I cant drive. Neither can he.5. 用于No sooner . than ., 或 Hardly . when . 的句型中。 (一.就.) 前面主句用过去完成时，部分倒装，后面的从句用正常语序。 No sooner had she gone out than the class began. Hardly had she fallen asleep when she heard a knock at the door. 6.not onlybut also结构中，no

11、t only 位于句首时， not only 部分引起倒装。 注意： but also部分不引起倒装。例如：Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it. 但是： not onlybut also连接的并列主语不引起倒装。 Not only the children but also the grown-ups took an interest in the cartoon.7. 在 so. / such .that 的结构中, 若so / such置于句首, 则主句用部分倒装，如果谓语动词是be, 则为全部倒装。后面的结果状语从句不倒

12、装。 So difficult a problem is it that I cant work it out.Such a noble person is he that people all respect him.8.as 倒装结构as表示让步意义时，不能放在句首，用于句型：名词/形容词/副词/动词+as/though +主语+谓语。(1)Child as he is, he can understand the English film. =Though he is a child,. 虽然他是个孩子 (2) Much as we tried, we failed to get the

13、 expected result. 虽然我们尽力了9. 用于某些祝愿语中。May you succeed. 祝你成功。 May you have the best season ever.语法自测：用动词的正确形式填空1.Long long ago, there _(live) an old king.2.On either side of the road _(be) rows of houses.3.On the back of the wall _(hang)an oil painting.4.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which

14、_(sit) a small boy.5.Gone _(be) the days when were very poor.6. Seldom _he _(have) breakfast.7.Little _she _( care) about dress. 8.Hardly any sound _we _( could hear).9. At no time _ you _(can say) “no” to your parents. 10.Only in this way _.(我们才能提高英语)11.Only at the end of the term _.(他们才意识到浪费了多少时间)12.He is interested in pop songs, and so